Qino: Difference between revisions

Qino (view source)

Revision as of 21:13, 27 April 2017

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→‎Nouns

Shariifka

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 Derivational morphology
 -->
-===Nouns===
+===Case===
-Nouns (and pronouns) are declined by case.
+Nouns and pronouns are declined by case.
-*'''Absolutive''': Citation form, used for the direct object of a verb, the object of adpositions, and predicative nouns. Personal pronouns have a distinct accusative form that is used for direct objects.
+*'''Absolutive''': Citation form, used for the direct object of a verb, the object of prepositions and most postpositions, and predicative nouns. Personal pronouns have a distinct accusative form that is used for direct objects.
-*'''Nominative''': Subject of verb.
+*'''Nominative''': Used for the subject of a verb. Formed as follows:
-*'''Genitive''': Possession.
+**Absolutive ending in consonant, ''-a'', or ''-o'': ''-ú''
-*'''Dative''': Recipient, benefactor, purpose.
+**Absolutive ending in ''-e'' or ''-i'': ''-í''
-*'''Ablative''': Source.
+**Absolutive ending in a long vowel: ''-n''
-*'''Instrumental''': Instrument, means, agent, reason, time.
+*'''Genitive''': Used for possession ("of") and the object of some postpositions.
-*'''Comitative''': Accompaniment.
+**Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': penultimate high tone + ''-i''
-*'''Locative''': Location.
+**Absolutive ending in other vowel: penultimate high tone
+*'''Dative''': Used for recipient, benefactor, purpose ("to" or "for").
+**Absolutive ending in consonant or ''-a'': ''-oo''
+**Absolutive ending in other short vowel: lengthen final vowel
+**Absolutive ending in long vowel: ''-noo'' OR use independent form
+**Independent form: ''oo''
+*'''Ablative''': Used for source ("from").
+**Absolutive ending in consonant: ''-ak''
+**Absolutive ending in vowel: ''-k''
+**Independent form: ''ak''
+*'''Instrumental''': Used for instrument, means, agent, cause, time.
+**Absolutive ending in consonant: ''-as''
+**Absolutive ending in vowel: ''-s''
+**Independent form: ''as''
+*'''Comitative''': Used for accompaniment ("in company with").
+**Absolutive ending in consonant: ''-al''
+**Absolutive ending in vowel: ''-l''
+**Independent form: ''al''
+*'''Locative''': Used for location. For more specific location, postpositions are used.
+**Absolutive ending in consonant: ''-ad''
+**Absolutive ending in vowel: ''-d''
+**Independent form: ''ad''
 ===Pronouns===