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Qino: Difference between revisions
→Simple Present
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*The Class I forms ending in a high-tone vowel lose the high tone when non-final and lengthen the final vowel when used interrogatively - e.g. ''yarká'' "he sees", ''yarka nama'' "a person who sees", ''yarkáá?'' "does he see?" | *The Class I forms ending in a high-tone vowel lose the high tone when non-final and lengthen the final vowel when used interrogatively - e.g. ''yarká'' "he sees", ''yarka nama'' "a person who sees", ''yarkáá?'' "does he see?" | ||
=====Simple Present===== | =====Simple Present===== | ||
*Used for | *Used for an action in the present or future, or that started in the past but continue into the present (i.e. English past perfect continuous). | ||
*Main clause: | *Main clause: | ||
**Affirmative: "Present indicative" - e.g. ''yarká'' "he sees" | **Affirmative: "Present indicative" - e.g. ''yarká'' "he sees" | ||
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**Affirmative: "Present subordinate" - e.g. ''akka yarkó'' "that he sees" | **Affirmative: "Present subordinate" - e.g. ''akka yarkó'' "that he sees" | ||
**Negative: ''ma'' + "Present subordinate negative" - e.g. ''akka ma yarkíno'' "that he does not see" | **Negative: ''ma'' + "Present subordinate negative" - e.g. ''akka ma yarkíno'' "that he does not see" | ||
=====Simple Past===== | |||
*Used for an action in the past. | |||
*Main clause: | |||
**Affirmative: "Past affirmative" - e.g. ''yarké'' "he saw" | |||
**Negative: ''ma'' + "Past negative" - e.g. ''ma yarkíne'' "he did not see" | |||
*Subordinate clause: | |||
**Affirmative: "Past affirmative" - e.g. ''akka yarké'' "that he saw" | |||
**Negative: ''ma'' + "Past negative" - e.g. ''akka ma yarkíne'' "that he did not see" | |||
=====Imperative===== | |||
*Used for a command in the second person. | |||
*Affirmative: "Imperative affirmative" - e.g. ''árku'' "see!" | |||
*Negative: ''hin'' + "Imperative negative" - e.g. ''hin arkínu'' "do not see!" | |||
=====Jussive===== | |||
*Used for a wish, command, etc in the first and third person. | |||
*Affirmative: ''haa'' "Jussive affirmative" - e.g. ''haa yárku'' "let him see!" | |||
*Negative: ''haan'' + "Jussive negative" - e.g. ''haan yarkínu'' "let him not see!" | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||