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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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* '''lapi''' means "with"; when used in instrumental sense it requires ergative case, while the comitative sense requires the essive. | * '''lapi''' means "with"; when used in instrumental sense it requires ergative case, while the comitative sense requires the essive. | ||
* '''leah''' translates "already", with a noun in essive case or a verb in the semantically correct mood. | * '''leah''' translates "already", with a noun in essive case or a verb in the semantically correct mood. | ||
* '''mbu''' means "or"; placement with nouns is the same as ''no''/'' | * '''mbu''' means "or"; placement with nouns is the same as ''no''/''lasь'', and with verbs it's often the same as ''sama''. | ||
* '''mei''' and '''go''' are the Chlouvānem words for "yes" and "no" respectively; their use is however different from English, as they are used according to the polarity of the question: ''mei'' answers "yes" to affirmative questions and "no" to negative questions; ''go'' answers "no" to affirmative questions and "yes" to negative questions. | * '''mei''' and '''go''' are the Chlouvānem words for "yes" and "no" respectively; their use is however different from English, as they are used according to the polarity of the question: ''mei'' answers "yes" to affirmative questions and "no" to negative questions; ''go'' answers "no" to affirmative questions and "yes" to negative questions. | ||
* '''menni''' translates "because, for". If there's a following main clause, then it's the last word in the subordinate of reason (this use is synonymous to the consequential secondary verbal mood of cause); if it's a lone sentence (an answer), then it is usually at the ''second'' place in the sentence, after the verbal trigger (e.g. ''tami menni yuyųlsėça'' "because (s)he wants to eat"). | * '''menni''' translates "because, for". If there's a following main clause, then it's the last word in the subordinate of reason (this use is synonymous to the consequential secondary verbal mood of cause); if it's a lone sentence (an answer), then it is usually at the ''second'' place in the sentence, after the verbal trigger (e.g. ''tami menni yuyųlsėça'' "because (s)he wants to eat"). | ||
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* '''natte''' translates "until", with a noun in translative case (or dative case for places, meaning "as far as")<ref>Compare ''ājvan natte'' "until dawn" and ''līlasuṃghāṇa kahėrimaila ga keikui natte'' "as far as Līlasuṃghāṇa Kahėrimaila Station".</ref> or a verb in the subjunctive. | * '''natte''' translates "until", with a noun in translative case (or dative case for places, meaning "as far as")<ref>Compare ''ājvan natte'' "until dawn" and ''līlasuṃghāṇa kahėrimaila ga keikui natte'' "as far as Līlasuṃghāṇa Kahėrimaila Station".</ref> or a verb in the subjunctive. | ||
* '''ni''' translates "but" as a coordinating conjunction. | * '''ni''' translates "but" as a coordinating conjunction. | ||
* '''no''' translates English "and" when between nouns and when denoting a complete listing; for incomplete listings (e.g. "X and Y and so on") the particle ''' | * '''no''' translates English "and" when between nouns and when denoting a complete listing; for incomplete listings (e.g. "X and Y and so on") the particle '''lasь''' is used. Both follow the noun they refer to, and in listings with more than two nouns they follow every noun except the first. They can also translate "and" between verbs, but ''sama'' is preferred between sentences, especially with different subjects (e.g. ''yąluça moluça no'' "I eat and drink", either ''mėlitu yąluça kolecañu moluça no'' or ''mėlitu yąluça sama kolecañu moluça'' "I eat curry and drink kvas", but most often ''mėlitu yąluça sama liliā ñæltah kolecañu molėça'' "I eat curry and my sister drinks kvas". Note that ''mėlitu yąluça liliā ñæltah kolecañu molėça no'' is still correct, but mostly found in literary or very formal language). | ||
* '''pa''' translates "on, of, about; concerning, on the subject of", and requires a noun direct case or a verb in subjunctive mood. | * '''pa''' translates "on, of, about; concerning, on the subject of", and requires a noun direct case or a verb in subjunctive mood. | ||
* '''sama''' translates "and" as a coordinating conjunction between clauses. If the following word starts with a vowel, it is shortened to '''sam''''. | * '''sama''' translates "and" as a coordinating conjunction between clauses. If the following word starts with a vowel, it is shortened to '''sam''''. | ||