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Hadda: Difference between revisions
→Tense + Aspect
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**Like present habitual, but with stem vowel changing to ''i'' - e.g. ''jiɓɓan'' "used to throw", ''millan'' "used to lead", ''ħiɍiɗɗan'' "used to become hadda" | **Like present habitual, but with stem vowel changing to ''i'' - e.g. ''jiɓɓan'' "used to throw", ''millan'' "used to lead", ''ħiɍiɗɗan'' "used to become hadda" | ||
*A future habitual can be formed by reduplicating the final consonant of the simple future - e.g. ''gwaɓɓan'' "will throw regularly", ''mollan'' "will lead regularly", ''ħoɍoɗɗan'' "will regularly become hadda". Normally, this would be formed with a ''gaaran'' construction - e.g. ''gaɓɓa gwaaran'' "will throw regularly" (literally: will say throwing regularly) | *A future habitual can be formed by reduplicating the final consonant of the simple future - e.g. ''gwaɓɓan'' "will throw regularly", ''mollan'' "will lead regularly", ''ħoɍoɗɗan'' "will regularly become hadda". Normally, this would be formed with a ''gaaran'' construction - e.g. ''gaɓɓa gwaaran'' "will throw regularly" (literally: will say throwing regularly) | ||
*The auxiliary verb '' | *The auxiliary verb ''gaara'' "to say" is ubiquitous in Hadda verbal morphology. Its functions include: | ||
**Forming compound tenses, which can either form new tenses or disambiguate existing forms - e.g. ''gaaⱳa gwaaran'' "will be throwing", ''gaaⱳa jiiran'' "was throwing" (equivalent to ''jiiⱳan''; might be used if another verb has the same past form), ''gwaaⱳa jiiran'' "was going to throw" | **Forming compound tenses, which can either form new tenses or disambiguate existing forms - e.g. ''gaaⱳa gwaaran'' "will be throwing", ''gaaⱳa jiiran'' "was throwing" (equivalent to ''jiiⱳan''; might be used if another verb has the same past form), ''gwaaⱳa jiiran'' "was going to throw" | ||
**Deriving verbs from nouns, interjections, loanwords, etc - e.g. ''ħiʔ gaaran'' "to hiccup" (literally: to say ''ħiʔ''), ''telefoona gaaran'' "to telephone" (literally: to say telephone). | **Deriving verbs from nouns, interjections, loanwords, etc - e.g. ''ħiʔ gaaran'' "to hiccup" (literally: to say ''ħiʔ''), ''telefoona gaaran'' "to telephone" (literally: to say telephone). | ||