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====The True Verbs==== | ====The True Verbs==== | ||
True verbs consist of a prefix and a root. In the base form of the verb (i.e. when it stands alone), the prefix is ''e-, i-'' or ''y-'' and bears no particular meaning. The following are the main true verbs: | True verbs consist of a prefix and a root. In the base form of the verb (i.e. when it stands alone), the prefix is ''e-, i-'' or ''y-'' and bears no particular meaning. | ||
The following prefixes may be used with the true verbs, replacing the ''e-, i-'' or ''y-'' of the base: | |||
* ''era-'' (causative), e.g. ''erakash'' "teach" < ''ekash'' "learn", ''erayeki'' "build, erect" < ''eyeki'' "stand". | |||
* ''ena-'' (pejorative), e.g. ''enaro'' "molest" < ''ero'' "touch", ''enaus'' "flee, escape" < ''yus'' "move away". The prefix specifically indicates perversity, ill intent or action resulting in unfortunate circumstances and does not suggest that the action of the verb was performed badly. | |||
The root of a true verb may also be reduplicated to form a verb with intensive or frequentative meaning, e.g. ''ewaawas'' "stomp, trample", ''inuanua'' "shout, roar", ''eralulu'' "destroy". | |||
The following are the main true verbs: | |||
{| width="90%;" | {| width="90%;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| width="10%;" | ''eba'' || width="40"%;" | cut | | width="10%;" | ''eba'' || width="40"%;" | (vt.) incise, cut || width="10%;" | ''exaz'' || width="40%;" | (vt.) enter, penetrate, go in | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ebang'' || give | | ''ebang'' || (vt.) give; provide || ''exoz'' || (vt.) beget, produce, create | ||
|- | |- | ||
|| ''ebei'' || | || ''ebei'' || (vt.) collect, gather; (vi.) assemble || ''eyeki'' || (vi. & vt.) stand | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ebeng'' || put, | | ''ebeng'' || (vi.) sit; (vt.) put, set || ''iji'' || (vi.) appear; (vt.) appear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''egaa'' || get, obtain | | ''egaa'' || (vt.) get, obtain; understand || ''ibii'' || (vi.) move (without reference to path), travel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''egang'' || ascend, | | ''egang'' || (vi.) ascend, rise, improve; (vt.) ascend || ''iging'' || (vt.) make, do | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''egong'' || | | ''egong'' || (vi.) remain || ''ilu'' || (vi.) die, break, stop, cease | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''egos'' || shoot, throw | | ''egos'' || (vt.) shoot, throw || ''iluaz'' || (vi. & vt.) disperse | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''egosh'' || heat, cook | | ''egosh'' || (vi. & vt.) heat, cook || ''ilung'' || (vt.) have, hold; use | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ekash'' || learn || ''inua'' || speak(make) sound | | ''ekash'' || (vi. & vt.) learn || ''inua'' || (vi. & vt.) speak,(make) sound | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''elaz'' || divide | | ''elaz'' || (vi. & vt.) divide || ''ipush'' || (vt.) perceive, know, sense | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ero'' || | | ''ero'' || (vt.) touch, come into contact with || ''izung'' || (vt.) expel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''esuang'' || lie down || ''yang'' || consume | | ''esuang'' || (vi.) lie down; (vt.) lay || ''yang'' || (vt.) consume | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''etoz'' || come, move towards (speaker) || ''yata'' || happen, occur | | ''etoz'' || (vi.) come, move towards (speaker) || ''yata'' || (vi.) happen, occur | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ewang'' || go, move away from (speaker) || ''yehang'' || be, exist, live | | ''ewang'' || (vi.) go, move away from (speaker) || ''yehang'' || (vi.) be, exist, live | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ewas'' || step, pace, tread || ''yosh'' || pierce, stab, puncture | | ''ewas'' || (vi.) step, pace, tread || ''yosh'' || (vt.) pierce, stab, puncture | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ewash'' || descend || ''yuki'' || exit, leave, go out of | | ''ewash'' || (vi. & vt.) descend || ''yuki'' || (vt.) exit, leave, go out of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''eresh'' || squeeze | | ''eresh'' || (vi. & vt.) constrict, squeeze || ''yus'' || (vt.) leave, go away from | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ewaging'' || approach | | ''ewaging'' || (vt.) approach, come near to || ''ishi'' || (vt.) consider, regard | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Compound Verbs==== | ====Compound Verbs==== |
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