Gothedish: Difference between revisions

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~~This is a short reminder of the language format policy.~~

~~I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).~~

~~II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)~~

~~III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.~~

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'''Gothedish''' (Native: ''Guþþydske'' /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is an East Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence.

==Introduction==

'''Gothedish''' is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (''Guþþyde''), whose name means ''"Goth people"'' (''gut'' (Goth) + ''þyde'' (people)). By folk etymology, it also means ''"God's slaves"'' (''Gud'' (God) + ''þyde'' (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, ''Guþþyde'' may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is grammatically feminine) or a weak noun (in which case it refers to a single person and takes the gender of that person).

~~~~

~~<!-- Example categories/headings:~~

~~Goals~~

~~Setting~~

~~Inspiration~~

~~-->~~

~~~~

~~~~

~~<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:~~

~~Vowel inventory~~

~~Consonant inventory~~

~~Syllable structure~~

~~Stress~~

~~Intonation~~

~~-->~~

==Phonology==

===Orthography===

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===Nouns===

Nouns may be either strong or weak.

====Strong ~~Nouns~~====

====Strong nouns====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float : left;"

|+ Strong Noun Declension

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|}

====Weak ~~Nouns~~====

====Weak nouns====

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Weak noun declension

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===Adjectives===

Like nouns, adjectives may be strong or weak. Most adjectives have both forms. The strong forms are used attributively (''happy people'') and predicatively (''they are happy''), while the weak forms are used nominally (''the rich''). Adjectives that only have one form use that form in all usages.

====Strong ~~Adjectives~~====

====Strong adjectives====

Strong adjectives have a specialunmarked gender that can be used when the gender is unknown/unspecified/unimportant. In the plural it is identical to the neuter, though the masculine may be used instead.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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|}

====Weak ~~Adjectives~~====

====Weak adjectives====

Declined identically to weak nouns. Weak adjectives have a gender-unmarked form identical to the neuter in both the singular and plural. However, since there is no distinction between masculine and feminine, the masculine/feminine form is often used to refer to persons of unspecified gender.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"

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|}

===Pronouns and ~~Determiners~~===

===Pronouns and determiners===

====Personal ~~Pronouns~~====

====Personal pronouns====

====Demonstratives====

===Verbs===

Gothedish verbs fall in three main categories: strong verbs, weak verbs, and preterite-present verbs. Each of these verb types are sub-divided in classes. All verbs form their infinitive in ''-(e)n'' and present participle in ''-(e)nd''.

====Strong ~~Verbs~~====

====Strong verbs====

Strong verbs form their past tense by vowel change (ablaut). There are seven classes of strong verbs, depending on how the stem changes in the past tense and participle.

<!-- =====Class I ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

<!-- =====Class I strong verbs=====

=====Class II ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class II strong verbs=====

=====Class III ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class III strong verbs=====

=====Class IV ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class IV strong verbs=====

=====Class V ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class V strong verbs=====

=====Class VI ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class VI strong verbs=====

=====Class VII ~~Strong Verbs~~=====

=====Class VII strong verbs=====

=====Irregular ~~Strong Verbs~~===== -->

=====Irregular strong verbs===== -->

====Weak ~~Verbs~~====

====Weak verbs====

There are two classes of weak verbs.

<!-- =====Class I ~~Weak Verbs~~=====

<!-- =====Class I weak verbs=====

=====Class II ~~Weak Verbs~~=====

=====Class II weak verbs=====

=====Irregular ~~Weak Verbs~~===== -->

=====Irregular weak verbs===== -->

====Preterite-~~Present Verbs~~====

====Preterite-present verbs====

====Non-finite forms====

Participles function as adjectives. When nominalized, they can act as agent/patient nouns.

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/ˈʌlə ˈmʌnskəs ˈwærθn̩ gəˈbɔrnə ˈfrɛɪ̯ə jɑ ˈibnə ɪn ˈwærdə jɑ ˈrɛːtm̩ ˈfrʌsə jɑ ˈmɪθwɪst sɪnt bəˈhɪbdə jɑ ˈskuːln̩ ˈfʌʒʌndrə ɪn ˈɑːmn̩ ˈbroːθr̩ˌskəpəs ˈhʌndln̩/

'''Gloss:'''

'''Gloss:'''<!--

<!--

All-e mansk-es wärþ-en gebåren-e frei-e jah iben-e in wärd-e jah räht-em. Fraþje jah miþwist sind behibd-e, jah skul-en hvarjander-e in ahme-n broderskap-es handel-en.

-->

--> All-M.NOM.PL human_being-NOM.PL become.PRS-3PL give_birth.PP-M.NOM.PL free-M.NOM.PL and equal-M.PL.NOM in worth-DAT and right-DAT.PL. Reason.ACC and conscience.ACC be.PRS.3PL bestow.PP-M.NOM.PL, and should.PRS-3PL each_other-DAT in spirit-DAT brotherhood-GEN handle-INF.

All-M.NOM.PL human_being-NOM.PL become.PRS-3PL give_birth.PP-M.NOM.PL free-M.NOM.PL and equal-M.PL.NOM in worth-DAT and right-DAT.PL. Reason.ACC and conscience.ACC be.PRS.3PL bestow.PP-M.NOM.PL, and should.PRS-3PL each_other-DAT in spirit-DAT brotherhood-GEN handle-INF.

~~'''Literal translation:'''~~

~~All human beings become born free and equal in worth and rights. With reason and conscience they are bestowed, and they should to one another in the spirit of brotherhood behave~~.

'''~~Translation~~:'''

'''Literal translation:''' All human beings become born free and equal in worth and rights. With reason and conscience they are bestowed, and they should to one another in the spirit of brotherhood behave.

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

'''Translation:''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

==Other resources==

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-<!--
-This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
-I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
-II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
-III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
--->
 '''Gothedish''' (Native: ''Guþþydske'' /ˈɡuːθʏtskə/) is an East Germanic language. Its most distinctive feature is extensive palatalization, which is most likely due to Slavic influence.
 ==Introduction==
 '''Gothedish''' is a descendant of Gothic. It is named after the Gothedes (''Guþþyde''), whose name means ''"Goth people"'' (''gut'' (Goth) + ''þyde'' (people)). By folk etymology, it also means ''"God's slaves"'' (''Gud'' (God) + ''þyde'' (slave)). As a result of this dual etymology, ''Guþþyde'' may either be declined as a strong noun (in which case it is collective and is grammatically feminine) or a weak noun (in which case it refers to a single person and takes the gender of that person).
-<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
-<!-- Example categories/headings:
-Goals
-Setting
-Inspiration
--->
-<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
-<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
-<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
-Vowel inventory
-Consonant inventory
-Syllable structure
-Stress
-Intonation
--->
 ==Phonology==
 ===Orthography===
@@ Line 211: / Line 189: @@
 ===Nouns===
 Nouns may be either strong or weak.
-====Strong Nouns====
+====Strong nouns====
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float : left;"
 |+ Strong Noun Declension
@@ Line 259: / Line 237: @@
 |}
-====Weak Nouns====
+====Weak nouns====
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
 |+ Weak noun declension
@@ Line 315: / Line 293: @@
 ===Adjectives===
 Like nouns, adjectives may be strong or weak. Most adjectives have both forms. The strong forms are used attributively (''happy people'') and predicatively (''they are happy''), while the weak forms are used nominally (''the rich''). Adjectives that only have one form use that form in all usages.
-====Strong Adjectives====
+====Strong adjectives====
 Strong adjectives have a specialunmarked gender that can be used when the gender is unknown/unspecified/unimportant. In the plural it is identical to the neuter, though the masculine may be used instead.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
@@ Line 357: / Line 335: @@
 |}
-====Weak Adjectives====
+====Weak adjectives====
 Declined identically to weak nouns. Weak adjectives have a gender-unmarked form identical to the neuter in both the singular and plural. However, since there is no distinction between masculine and feminine, the masculine/feminine form is often used to refer to persons of unspecified gender.
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
@@ Line 379: / Line 357: @@
 |}
-===Pronouns and Determiners===
+===Pronouns and determiners===
-====Personal Pronouns====
+====Personal pronouns====
 ====Demonstratives====
 ===Verbs===
 Gothedish verbs fall in three main categories: strong verbs, weak verbs, and preterite-present verbs. Each of these verb types are sub-divided in classes. All verbs form their infinitive in ''-(e)n'' and present participle in ''-(e)nd''.
-====Strong Verbs====
+====Strong verbs====
 Strong verbs form their past tense by vowel change (ablaut). There are seven classes of strong verbs, depending on how the stem changes in the past tense and participle.
-<!-- =====Class I Strong Verbs=====
+<!-- =====Class I strong verbs=====
-=====Class II Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class II strong verbs=====
-=====Class III Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class III strong verbs=====
-=====Class IV Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class IV strong verbs=====
-=====Class V Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class V strong verbs=====
-=====Class VI Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class VI strong verbs=====
-=====Class VII Strong Verbs=====
+=====Class VII strong verbs=====
-=====Irregular Strong Verbs===== -->
+=====Irregular strong verbs===== -->
-====Weak Verbs====
+====Weak verbs====
 There are two classes of weak verbs.
-<!-- =====Class I Weak Verbs=====
+<!-- =====Class I weak verbs=====
-=====Class II Weak Verbs=====
+=====Class II weak verbs=====
-=====Irregular Weak Verbs===== -->
+=====Irregular weak verbs===== -->
-====Preterite-Present Verbs====
+====Preterite-present verbs====
 ====Non-finite forms====
 Participles function as adjectives. When nominalized, they can act as agent/patient nouns.
@@ Line 417: / Line 395: @@
 /ˈʌlə ˈmʌnskəs ˈwærθn̩ gəˈbɔrnə ˈfrɛɪ̯ə jɑ ˈibnə ɪn ˈwærdə jɑ ˈrɛːtm̩ ˈfrʌsə jɑ ˈmɪθwɪst sɪnt bəˈhɪbdə jɑ ˈskuːln̩ ˈfʌʒʌndrə ɪn ˈɑːmn̩ ˈbroːθr̩ˌskəpəs ˈhʌndln̩/
-'''Gloss:'''
+'''Gloss:'''<!--
-<!--
 All-e mansk-es wärþ-en gebåren-e frei-e jah iben-e in wärd-e jah räht-em. Fraþje jah miþwist sind behibd-e, jah skul-en hvarjander-e in ahme-n broderskap-es handel-en.
--->
+--> All-<small>M.NOM.PL</small> human_being-<small>NOM.PL</small> become.<small>PRS-3PL</small> give_birth.<small>PP-M.NOM.PL</small> free-<small>M.NOM.PL</small> and equal-<small>M.PL.NOM</small> in worth-<small>DAT</small> and right-<small>DAT.PL</small>. Reason.<small>ACC</small> and conscience.<small>ACC</small> be.<small>PRS.3PL</small> bestow.<small>PP-M.NOM.PL</small>, and should.<small>PRS-3PL</small> each_other-<small>DAT</small> in spirit-<small>DAT</small> brotherhood-<small>GEN</small> handle-<small>INF</small>.
-All-<small>M.NOM.PL</small> human_being-<small>NOM.PL</small> become.<small>PRS-3PL</small> give_birth.<small>PP-M.NOM.PL</small> free-<small>M.NOM.PL</small> and equal-<small>M.PL.NOM</small> in worth-<small>DAT</small> and right-<small>DAT.PL</small>. Reason.<small>ACC</small> and conscience.<small>ACC</small> be.<small>PRS.3PL</small> bestow.<small>PP-M.NOM.PL</small>, and should.<small>PRS-3PL</small> each_other-<small>DAT</small> in spirit-<small>DAT</small> brotherhood-<small>GEN</small> handle-<small>INF</small>.
-'''Literal translation:'''
-All human beings become born free and equal in worth and rights. With reason and conscience they are bestowed, and they should to one another in the spirit of brotherhood behave.
-'''Translation:'''
+'''Literal translation:''' All human beings become born free and equal in worth and rights. With reason and conscience they are bestowed, and they should to one another in the spirit of brotherhood behave.
-All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
+'''Translation:''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
 ==Other resources==