Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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===M-nouns - Mamą lā halenī===
===M-nouns - Mamą lā halenī===
'''Tables in this and the following (H-nouns) section are NOT up-to-date. I'll make them anew soon as part of a restructuring of the whole "Nouns" section). You can, however, find the up-to-date declension of -am, -um, -im nouns here: [[Lahob languages#Second declension|Proto-Lahob morphology § Second declension]]'''
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! Direct
! Direct
| '''yujam''' <small>''"lotus"''</small> || yujāmion || yujye || '''tūlum''' <small>''"worm"''</small> || tūlūmion || tūluvye || '''jāyim''' <small>''"girl"''</small> || jāyīmion || jāyiñe || '''lunai''' <small>''"tea"''</small> || lunāyon || lunāye
| '''yujam''' <small>''"lotus"''</small> || rowspan=2 | yujivā || rowspan=2 | yujās || '''tūlum''' <small>''"worm"''</small> || rowspan=2 | tūlvivā || rowspan=2 | tūlūs || '''jāyim''' <small>''"girl"''</small> || rowspan=2 | jāyīvā || rowspan=2 | jāyīs || rowspan=2 | '''lunai''' <small>''"tea"''</small> || rowspan=2 | lunaiva || rowspan=2 | lunāye
|-
|-
! Vocative
! Vocative
| yujam || yujāmion || yujye || tūlu || tulūmion || tūluvye || jāyī || jāyīmion || jāyiñe || lunai || lunāyon || lunāye
| yujam || tūlve || jāyī
|-
|-
! Accusative
! Accusative
| yujamu || yujamūri || yujāmūn || tūlau || tulūri || tūlumūn || jāyimu || jāyimūri || jāyimin || lunāyu || lunāyūri || lunainū
| yujamu || yujmes || yujmaih || tūlumu || tūlves || tūluyih || jāyimu || jājñes<sup>1</sup> || jāyīh || lunāyu || lunāyes || lunāyaih
|-
|-
! Ergative
! Ergative
| yujamei || yujamą || yujamān || tūlumei || tūlumą || tūlumān || jāyimei || jāyimą || jāyimān || lunǣ || lunaiyą || lunæyān
| yujmæ || yujmian || yujamūn || tūluga || tūlvyan || tūlumūn || jājña<sup>1</sup>  || jāyiyan || jāyimūn || lunǣ || lunāyēn || lunāyūn
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
| yujami || yujameva || yujammi || tūlumvi || tūlumeva || tūlǣmi || jāyimi || jāyīva || jāyiñumi || lunayi || lunaiva || lunæyumi
| yujami || yujmeva || yujaṃrān || tūlumi || tūlveva || tūluṃrān || jāyimi || jājñeva<sup>1</sup> || jāyiṃran || lunāyi || lunaiva || lunāyān
|-
|-
! Translative
! Translative
| yujaman || yujyās || yujyoh || tūluman || tūluvyās || tūluvyoh || jāyiman || jāyiñyās || jāyiñyoh || lunāyan || lunāyās || lunāyoh
| yujaman || yujmį || yujmēt || tūluman || tūlvį || tūlūt || jāyiman || jāyį || jāyīt || lunain || lunāyį || lunāyēt
|-
|-
! Exessive
! Exessive
| yujamat || yujambhan || yujāman || tūlumat || tūlumbhan || tūlūman || jāyimæt || jāyimbhan || jāyīman || lunāyat || lunaibhan || lunaiman
| yujamat || yujabhan || yujamān || tūlumat || tūlubhan || tūlumān || jāyimat || jāyibhan || jāyimān || lunait || lunaibhan || lunaimān
|-
|-
! Essive
! Essive
| yujamą || yujamiona || yujamēm || tūlumą || tūlumiona || tūlumēm || jāyimą || jāyimiona || jāyimēm || lunąis || lunāyona || lunǣm
| yujmą || yujmenne || yujmēm || tūlų || tūlunne || tūlugēm || jāyį || jāyinne || jājñēm<sup>1</sup> || lunąis || lunainne || lunaigem
|-
|-
! Dative
! Dative
| yujamom || yujyās || yujaṃsām || tūlumom || tūluvyās || tūluṃsām || jāyimom || jāyiñyās || jāyiṃsām || lunāmom || lunāyās || lunaisām
| yujamom || yujmį || yujaṃsām || tūlumom || tūlvį || tūluṃsām || jāyimom || jāyį || jāyiṃsām || lunāmom || lunāyį || lunaisām
|-
|-
! Ablative
! Ablative
| yujamų || yujambhan || yujaṃris || tūlumų || tūlumbhan || tūluṃris || jāyimų || jāyimbhan || jāyiṃrīs || lunāyų || lunaibhan || lunaiñīs
| yujamų || yujabhan || yujmenīs || tūlumų || tūlubhan || tūlvenīs || jāyimų || jāyibhan || jājñenīs<sup>1</sup> || lunāyų || lunaibhan || lunǣnīs
|-
|-
! Locative
! Locative
| yujaṃrye || yujamiona || yujailīm || tūluṃrye || tūlumiona || tūluvilīm || jāyiṃrye || jāyimiona || jāyīlīm || lunaiñe || lunāyona || lunāyilīm
| yujaṃrye || yujmenne || yujmilīm || tūluṃrye || tūlunne || tūlulīm || jāyiṃrye || jāyinne || jāyilīm || lunāye || lunainne || lunailīm
|-
|-
! Instrumental
! Instrumental
| yujamini || yujambhan || yujaṃrika || tūlumini || tūlumbhan || tūluṃrika || jāyimini || jāyimbhan || jāyiṃrīka || lunaini || lunaibhan || lunaiñīka
| yujamap || yujabhan || yujaṃrīka || tūlumap || tūlubhan || tūluṃrīka || jāyimap || jāyibhan || jāyiṃrīka || lunaip || lunaibhan || lunainīka
|}
|}
Table notes:
# Such forms with ''-jñ-'' are underlyingly ''-y-y-'' (e.g. ''jāy-y-es'' → ''jājñes'').


Note that all nouns with '''-n''' have their direct and vocative plural forms ''identical'' to the singular ones - all other inflections (including the dual) are the same as the other nouns. Thus e.g. '''samin''' may be either ''child'' or ''children'', and it is usually the verb that marks the number - compare ''samin mālchē'' "the kid runs" and ''samin mālchīran'' "the kids run". They are de facto undistinguishable out of context in forms where singular and plural have the same verb form, e.g. in the perfect - ''samin amālcha'' can mean either "the kid has run" or "the kids have run" depending on context.<br/>These unmarked plurals are regular - note that ''hulin'' (woman) has both a regular plural (''hulin''), used in a wider scope (e.g. ''chlǣvānumi hulin'' "Chlouvānem women") and an irregular plural (''hilāni'') used in other contexts (e.g. ''nanā hilāni'' "those women there").
Note that all nouns with '''-n''' have their direct and vocative plural forms ''identical'' to the singular ones - all other inflections (including the dual) are the same as the other nouns. Thus e.g. '''samin''' may be either ''child'' or ''children'', and it is usually the verb that marks the number - compare ''samin mālchē'' "the kid runs" and ''samin mālchīran'' "the kids run". They are de facto undistinguishable out of context in forms where singular and plural have the same verb form, e.g. in the perfect - ''samin amālcha'' can mean either "the kid has run" or "the kids have run" depending on context.<br/>These unmarked plurals are regular - note that ''hulin'' (woman) has both a regular plural (''hulin''), used in a wider scope (e.g. ''chlǣvānumi hulin'' "Chlouvānem women") and an irregular plural (''hilāni'') used in other contexts (e.g. ''nanā hilāni'' "those women there").
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