Bentovian: Difference between revisions
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| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
| '''m''' /m/ | | '''m''' /m/ | ||
| '''n''' /n/ | | '''n''' /n/ | ||
| ''' | | '''nj''' /ɲ/ | ||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | | '''ng''' /ŋ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
| '''p''' /p/ | | '''p''' /p/ | ||
| '''t''' /t/ | | '''t''' /t/ | ||
| ''' | | '''tj''' /c/ | ||
| '''k''' /k/ | | '''k''' /k/ | ||
| '''kw''' /kʷ/ | | '''kw''' /kʷ/ | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
| '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | | '''mp''' /ᵐb/ | ||
| '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | | '''nt''' /ⁿd/ | ||
| ''' | | '''ntj''' /ᶮɟ/ | ||
| '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | | '''nk''' /ᵑg/ | ||
| '''nkw''' /ᵑgʷ/ | | '''nkw''' /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
| '''b''' /b/ | | '''b''' /b/ | ||
| '''d''' /d/ | | '''d''' /d/ | ||
| ''' | | '''dj''' /ɟ/ | ||
| '''g''' /g/ | | '''g''' /g/ | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 66: | Line 66: | ||
| '''f''' /f/ | | '''f''' /f/ | ||
| '''s''' /s/<br/>'''þ''' /θ/ | | '''s''' /s/<br/>'''þ''' /θ/ | ||
| ''' | | '''sj''' /ç/ | ||
| '''h''' /x/ | | '''h''' /x/ | ||
| '''hw''' /ʍ/ | | '''hw''' /ʍ/ | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| | | | ||
| '''r''' /r/; '''l''' /l/ | | '''r''' /r/; '''l''' /l/ | ||
| ''' | | '''rj''' /ɹ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 90: | Line 90: | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ''' | | '''y''' /j/ | ||
| | | | ||
| '''w''' /w/ | | '''w''' /w/ | ||
Revision as of 04:55, 15 April 2018
Swadesh list for the Wiobic languages
Proto-Wiobic is the common ancestor of Tsjoen and Wiobian, as well as other Wiobic languages such as Feiden and Æ.
Todo
- nsaati = tree
- Tsjoen zaet /zɛt/, Wiobian Nßäht /ⁿzɛːt/
- Tsj. seots, kljeo, sko, moe, fah, ex, tjeot, hjaet, kvjaet, tsju < ???
- seots > soc > Wb. ßozz
- kljeo < kliʔ > Wb. klie? klih?
- sko < skaa > Wb. skah
- moe < moj > Wb. moj
- fah < fah > Wb. fah
- ex < ieš > Wb. ies
- ?
- ?
- ?
- tsju '10' < ťiu > Wb. ziu
Phonology
Consonants
Virtually identical to Wiobian
| Labial | Alveolar | Medial | Velar | Lab.vel. | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | tj /c/ | k /k/ | kw /kʷ/ | ʔ /ʔ/ |
| prenasalized | mp /ᵐb/ | nt /ⁿd/ | ntj /ᶮɟ/ | nk /ᵑg/ | nkw /ᵑgʷ/ | ||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | dj /ɟ/ | g /g/ | |||
| Fricative | plain | f /f/ | s /s/ þ /θ/ |
sj /ç/ | h /x/ | hw /ʍ/ | |
| prenasalized | mf /ᵐv/ | ns /ⁿz/ | |||||
| Liquid | r /r/; l /l/ | rj /ɹ/ | |||||
| Approximant | y /j/ | w /w/ | |||||
Vowels
Fewer vowels than modern Wiobian or Tsjoen; vowel length was contrastive, as in Proto-Germanic.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ii | u uu | |
| Mid | e ee | o oo | |
| Open | a aa |
There were also six diphthongs, ai au ia ua eu iu.
Phonotactics
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C). In addition, clusters of two consonants are allowed word-finally. Final short vowel + no coda is prohibited in roots, as in Germanic and Khmer.
There are virtually no restrictions on consonant clusters, except:
- An obstruent may not follow a nasal.
Proto-Wiobic to Tsjoen
- prenasalized stops → voiced stops; -mp -nt ... > -mb -nd ... word finally
- similarly, mf ns > v z
- þ > t
- ť ď > ts z
- ň > j
- ř > zj for sure
- š > x
- Initial ng- > 0-
get both broad-slender and umlaut like I did with Varquun > Tsjoen
Proto-Wiobic to Wiobian
Umlaut and syncope (flesh out), mostly