User:IlL/Spare pages 1/69

Al-Ȝarebydda is an alternative history descendant of Classical Arabic inspired by Welsh and Praimhín's Vrushka; it is intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is more Irishy (Irish has lots of a, á, í, ú; velarization; some suffixes like -án, -ún, -ín, -ú, -(a)í, -t(e)á, -anna, ...)

Diachronics

Conditioning factors: before or after emphatic consonants, stress

Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)

• a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
• i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
• u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/

Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates

alif > 0

yā' > /ð/ ddai

ḍād > /ɬ/ llawd

sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ sin, šin, sjawd

ṭā' > /p/ ex. ṭayyib > peddyb /pɛðəb/ 'good'

tā' > /t/

ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ghebi /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; fuhr /vyhər/ 'noon'

qāf > /k/ c, kāf > /tʃ/ č

jīm > /g/

fā > /v/

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Medial	Palatal	Velar	Radical	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	plain	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/		ĉ /tʃ/	c /kʰ/		ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Non-sibilant	unvoiced		th /θ/			ch /χ/	ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced	f /v/	dd /ð/			gh /ʁ/	ȝ /ʕ/
Sibilant	unvoiced		s /s/	sj /ɧ/	ŝ /ʃ/
	voiced		z /z/
Lateral	unvoiced		ll /ɬ/
	voiced		l /l/
Trill			r /r/

Vowels

a e i o w y ø u /a ɛ i ɔ u ə œ y/ + lots of diphthongs

Stress

Always penultimate

Morphology

Conservative declension, analytic verbs

Nouns and adjectives

No broken plurals

Masculine noun (soft stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	boet	baetae	baetw
Accusative	baet	baetei	baeti
Genitive	beit	baetei	baeti

'goodness':

• sg. choer, chaer, cheir
• pl. chyddoer, chyddaer, chyddeir (broken plural, triptote)

try to save as much declension as possible

-a (nom), -a (acc), -e (gen) (feminine sg.)

-o/-ae (nom), -ei (acc, gen) (m. dual)

-tae (nom), -tei (acc, gen) (f. dual)

-w (nom), -i (acc, gen) (masculine plural)

-ot/-aet (nom), -eit (acc, gen) (feminine plural)

ʔaxḍar, xaḍrā, xuḍr is regularized to ʔachllar, ʔachllara, ʔachllaro, ʔachllartae, ʔachllarw, ʔachllarot 'green'

broken plurals - ?