User:IlL/Spare pages 1/69

Al-Ȝarebydda is an alternative history descendant of Classical Arabic inspired by Welsh and Praimhín's Vrushka; it is intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is more Irishy (Irish has lots of a, á, í, ú; velarization; some suffixes like -án, -ún, -ín, -ú, -(a)í, -t(e)á, -anna, ...)

Diachronics

Conditioning factors: before or after emphatic consonants, stress

Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)

• a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
• i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
• u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/

Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates

alif > 0

yā' > /ð/ ddai

ḍād > /ɬ/ llawd

sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ sin, šin, sjawd

ṭā' > /p/ ex. ṭayyib > peddyb /pɛðəb/ 'good'

tā' > /t/

ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ghebi /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; fuhr /vyhər/ 'noon'

qāf > /k/ c, kāf > /tʃ/ č

jīm > /g/

fā > /v/

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Medial	Palatal	Velar	Radical	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	plain	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/		ĉ /tʃ/	c /kʰ/		ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Non-sibilant	unvoiced		th /θ/			ch /χ/	ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced	f /v/	dd /ð/			gh /ʁ/	ȝ /ʕ/
Sibilant	unvoiced		s /s/	sj /ɧ/	ŝ /ʃ/
	voiced		z /z/
Lateral	unvoiced		ll /ɬ/
	voiced		l /l/
Trill			r /r/

Vowels

a e i o w y ø u /a ɛ i ɔ u ə œ y/ + lots of diphthongs

Stress

Always penultimate

Morphology

Conservative declension, analytic verbs

Nouns and adjectives

No broken plurals

Masculine noun (soft stem): boet 'house'

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	boet	baetae	baetw
Accusative	baet	baetei	beiti
Genitive	beit	baetei	beiti

Masculine noun (hard stem): daer 'house'

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	daer	daero	daerw
Accusative	daer	daerei	daeri
Genitive	deir	daerei	daeri

'goodness':

• sg. choer, chaer, cheir
• pl. chyddoer, chyddaer, chyddeir (broken plural, triptote)

try to save as much declension as possible

-a (nom), -a (acc), -e (gen) (feminine sg.)

-o/-ae (nom), -ei (acc, gen) (m. dual)

-tae (nom), -tei (acc, gen) (f. dual)

-w (nom), -i (acc, gen) (masculine plural)

-ot/-aet (nom), -eit (acc, gen) (feminine plural)

ʔaxḍar, xaḍrā, xuḍr is regularized to ʔachllar, ʔachllara, ʔachllaro, ʔachllartae, ʔachllarw, ʔachllarot 'green'

broken plurals - ?