Glommish/Middle: Difference between revisions

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|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītьrь'' || ''wrītьdь'' || ''wrītъmъ'' || ''wrītьd'' || ''wrītyndь''  
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītirь'' || ''wrītidь'' || ''wrītъm'' || ''wrītid'' || ''wrītyndь''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''čeusъnъ'' 'to choose''''
|+ '''''čeusyn'' 'to choose''''
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''čeusa'' || ''čiusьr'' || ''čiusьþь'' || ''čeusym'' || ''čiusьd'' || ''čeusyndь''  
| ''čeusa'' || ''čiusir'' || ''čiusiþь'' || ''čeusym'' || ''čiusid'' || ''čeusyndь''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
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|-
|-
! past  
! past  
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''  
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurym'' || ''kuryd'' || ''kuryn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''čiusь!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''čiusьd!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''čiusь!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''čiusid!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
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|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''kurъn''
|colspan="6"| ''kuryn''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''binda'' || ''bindьrь'' || ''bindьþь'' || ''bindъmъ'' || ''bindьd'' || ''bindъndь''  
| ''binda'' || ''bindirь'' || ''bindiþь'' || ''bindym'' || ''bindid'' || ''bindyndь''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
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|-
|-
! past  
! past  
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''  
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundym'' || ''bundyd'' || ''bundyn''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
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|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''bind!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bindьd!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''bind!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bindid!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''bindъnd''
|colspan="6"| ''bindynd''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''bundъn''
|colspan="6"| ''bundyn''
|}
|}




[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Þiúsьk]][[Category:Þiúdic languages]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:Þiúsьk]][[Category:Þiúdic languages]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:Lõis]]

Revision as of 13:02, 3 August 2018

Nouns

Strong vocalic declensions

The -a declension

This declension has as counterparts the second declension (us/um) of Latin, and the omicron declension (os/on) of Greek. It contains masculine and neuter nouns.

dag; daga
day m. 		čind; činda
child m.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative dag – daga –a čind – činda –a
Genitive dagys –ys daga –a čindys –ys činda –a
Dative dagy –y dagym –ym čindy –y čindym –ym
Instrumental daga –a -- -- činda –a -- --

Examples of masculine nouns declined like dag "day": berg "mountain", weg "way", gȳst "spirit", kuning "king".

The -ja declension

This declension was really just the -a declension with a j immediately preceding. However, due to various sound laws, a new declension subcategory has arisen that does not exactly follow the form of the plain -a declension. Similar developments occurred in Greek and the Slavic languages, among others.

This declension has as counterparts the second declension nouns in (-ius/-ium) of Latin. The counterparts in Greek are some second declension nouns in (-ios/-ion), as well as many that show effects of palatalization (e.g., -zdos < *-gyos or *-dyos; -llos < *-lyos; -ptos < -*pyos; -ssos or -ttos < -*tyos; -airos/-eiros/-oiros < *-aryos/-eryos/-oryos; -ainos/-einos/-oinos < *-anyos/enyos/onyos; etc., and similarly for neuter nouns in -ion or *-yon). It contains masculine and neuter nouns.

hirdь; hirdia
herdsman, shephard m.
Singular Plural
Nominative hirdь –ь hirdia –ia
Genitive hirdis –is hirdia –ia
Dative hirdi –i hirdim –im
Instrumental hirdia –ia -- --

Sample nouns like hirdь: agent nouns in -arь (-aria), e.g. wahtarь (-aria) "watchman", lyrarь "teacher", andь "end", rīč "kingdom", bedь "bed", gytunž "language", finstarnys "darkness", herь "army" (genitive singular heries, dative singular heri).

The -wa declension

snȳw, snȳ; snȳwa
snow m. 		knio; knio
knee n.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative snȳw, snȳ – snȳwa –wa knio –o, – knio –o, –
Genitive snȳwys –wys snȳwa –wa knewys –wys knewa –wa
Dative snȳwy –wy snewym –ym knewy –wy knewym –ym

The -ō declension

This declension counterparts the first declension (a) of Latin, and the alpha declension (a/as) of Greek. It contains feminine nouns.

dżāva; dżāvar
gift f.
Singular Plural
Nominative dżāva –a dżāvar –ar
Genitive dżāvar –ar dżāva –a
Dative dżāvaj –aj dżāvam –am

Sample nouns of this declension: dżāva "gift", jerþa "earth", ȳra "honor", tala "number", triwa "fidelity", korunga "temptation", hardiþa "hardness", mildiþa "compassion", ganāþa "favor", losiunga "deliverance", stunda "time".

Verbs

Hard-stem weak verbs

liovan 'to love'
tense ik þū er/siu/et wīr jūr sia
present indicative liova liovar liovaþь liovam liovaþ liovandь
present subjunctive liova liovas liova liovam liovaþ liovan
past indicative liovada liovader liovade liovadem liovaded liovaden
past subjunctive liovadi liovadir liovadi liovadim liovadid liovadin
imperative - liova! - - liovaþ! -
present participle liovand
past participle liovad

Soft-stem weak verbs

hȳlin 'to heal'
tense ik þū er/siu/et wīr jūr sia
present indicative hȳlia hȳlir hȳliþь hȳlim hȳliþ hȳlindь
present subjunctive hȳlia hȳlis hȳli hȳlim hȳliþ hȳlin
past indicative hȳlida hȳlider hȳlide hȳlidem hȳlided hȳliden
past subjunctive hȳlidi hȳlidir hȳlidi hȳlidim hȳlidid hȳlidin
imperative - hȳli! - - hȳliþ! -
present participle hȳlind
past participle hȳlid

Strong verbs

wrītъn 'to write'
tense ik þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative wrīta wrītirь wrītidь wrītъm wrītid wrītyndь
present subjunctive wrīta wrītyr wrīty wrītym wrītyd wrītyn
past indicative wrȳt wrȳst wrȳt writym writyd writyn
past subjunctive writi writir writi writim writid writin
imperative - wrīt! - - wrītъd! -
present participle wrītъnd
past participle writъn


čeusyn 'to choose'
tense ik þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative čeusa čiusir čiusiþь čeusym čiusid čeusyndь
present subjunctive čeusa čeusyr čeusy čeusym čeusyd čeusyn
past kaus kaust kaus kurym kuryd kuryn
past subjunctive kuri kurir kuri kurim kurid kurin
imperative - čiusь! - - čiusid! -
present participle čeusynd
past participle kuryn


bindyn 'to bind'
tense ik þū ir/sī/it wīr jūr ija
present indicative binda bindirь bindiþь bindym bindid bindyndь
present subjunctive binda bindyr bindy bindym bindyd bindyn
past band banst band bundym bundyd bundyn
past subjunctive bundi bundir bundi bundim bundid bundin
imperative - bind! - - bindid! -
present participle bindynd
past participle bundyn
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