Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

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===Adverbs===

Adjectival verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-ęe''' to the stem. Thus:

Adjectival verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-ęe''' (rarely ''-e'') to the stem. Thus:

* ''tarlausake'' (scientific) → ''tarlausęe'' (scientifically, according to science)

* ''namęlyausake'' (stakanovist) → ''namęlyausęe'' (continuously; without any break)

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* ''dilake'' (same) → ''diledile'' (exactly the same way; emphatic version of ''dilęe''<ref>''dilęe'' also has the other meaning of "the same", as in ''lili dilęe dadrāṃte'' "I have done the same". ''diledile'' does not have this other meaning.</ref> but more common.)

* ''ṣati'' (way, mode) suffixed to a possessive adjective forms ''lilyāṣati'' (from my point of view; my way; in my opinion), ''sāmyāṣati'' (from your point of view; your way; in your opinion), ''demyāṣati'', ''tamyāṣati'', and so on.

Denominal adverbs are formed in a different way. In Archaic and Classical Chlouvānem, a noun in the instrumental plural (usually with the suffix ''-<sup>e</sup>/<sub>a</sub>nīka'') was usually meant as an adverb. However, starting from Classical Chlouvānem, '''-naise''', originally simply the locative singular of ''naisah'' "shape", came to be commonly used as a grammaticalized adverbial forming suffix, and it is the preferred way of forming adverbs from nouns today. Archaic and early Classical Chlouvānem only used the instrumental plural, with ''-naise'' only found sporadically when actually referring to something "in the shape of X"; later texts show the latter form becoming increasingly common, to the point of almost entirely replacing the instrumental plural as an adverbial marker, which only survives in religious texts today.

====Underived adverbs====

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 ===Adverbs===
-Adjectival verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-ęe''' to the stem. Thus:
+Adjectival verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-ęe''' (rarely ''-e'') to the stem. Thus:
 * ''tarlausake'' (scientific) → ''tarlausęe'' (scientifically, according to science)
 * ''namęlyausake'' (stakanovist) → ''namęlyausęe'' (continuously; without any break)
@@ Line 1,237: / Line 1,237: @@
 * ''dilake'' (same) → ''diledile'' (exactly the same way; emphatic version of ''dilęe''<ref>''dilęe'' also has the other meaning of "the same", as in ''lili dilęe dadrāṃte'' "I have done the same". ''diledile'' does not have this other meaning.</ref> but more common.)
 * ''ṣati'' (way, mode) suffixed to a possessive adjective forms ''lilyāṣati'' (from my point of view; my way; in my opinion), ''sāmyāṣati'' (from your point of view; your way; in your opinion), ''demyāṣati'', ''tamyāṣati'', and so on.
+Denominal adverbs are formed in a different way. In Archaic and Classical Chlouvānem, a noun in the instrumental plural (usually with the suffix ''-<sup>e</sup>/<sub>a</sub>nīka'') was usually meant as an adverb. However, starting from Classical Chlouvānem, '''-naise''', originally simply the locative singular of ''naisah'' "shape", came to be commonly used as a grammaticalized adverbial forming suffix, and it is the preferred way of forming adverbs from nouns today. Archaic and early Classical Chlouvānem only used the instrumental plural, with ''-naise'' only found sporadically when actually referring to something "in the shape of X"; later texts show the latter form becoming increasingly common, to the point of almost entirely replacing the instrumental plural as an adverbial marker, which only survives in religious texts today.
 ====Underived adverbs====