Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Makse , rihat kakno itá | |phrase = Makse, rihat kakno itá | ||
|IPA = /'makʃɛ̯ ɾi'hat 'kakno ɪt'aʔ/ | |IPA = /'makʃɛ̯ ɾi'hat 'kakno ɪt'aʔ/ | ||
| morphemes = makse rihat kak=no ∅-∅-itá-ʔ | | morphemes = makse rihat kak=no ∅-∅-itá-ʔ | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Constituents can also be backgrounded. An O argument can be moved from its usual preverbal position to an intervening position between the main verb and copula. This form of backgrounding, available only to O arguments, is known as [[Nankôre#Pseudo-Noun_Incorporation|Pseudo-Noun Incorporation]]. It serves discourse functions similar to full noun incorporation found in its Minhast and Nahónda relatives, backgrounding the incorporated NP, decreasing valency, and providing additional specificity to the semantics of the main verb. The following example of compares and contrasts the default SOV<sub>1</sub>V<sub>2</sub> word order, with that of a SV<sub>1</sub>OV<sub>2</sub> | Constituents can also be backgrounded. An O argument can be moved from its usual preverbal position to an intervening position between the main verb and copula. This form of backgrounding, available only to O arguments, is known as [[Nankôre#Pseudo-Noun_Incorporation|Pseudo-Noun Incorporation]] (PNI). It serves discourse functions similar to full noun incorporation found in its Minhast and Nahónda relatives, backgrounding the incorporated NP, decreasing valency, and providing additional specificity to the semantics of the main verb. The following example of compares and contrasts the default SOV<sub>1</sub>V<sub>2</sub> word order, with that of a SV<sub>1</sub>OV<sub>2</sub>: | ||
*Default SOV<sub>1</sub><sub>2</sub>V Order | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
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| translation = The mouse bit the falcon. | | translation = The mouse bit the falcon. | ||
}} | }} | ||
*Pseudo-Noun Incorporation, SV<sub>1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>V Order | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Makse yôreno rihat 'itá' | |||
|IPA = /'makʃɛ̯ 'yo:reno ɾi'hat taʔɪt'aʔ/ | |||
| morphemes = makse yôre=no rihat ∅-itá-ʔ | |||
| gloss = mouse.LA bite=SEM falcon DIR-COP-LS | |||
| translation = The mouse falcon-bit. | |||
}} | |||
Pseudo-noun incorporation (PIN), like full noun incorporation found in Nankôre's relatives, Minhast and Nahónda, lowers valency, transforming transitive clauses to intransitive clauses. The use of the Inverse marker is no longer needed, as the PIN has been reduced to an adjunct. As such, the PIN no longer occupies a core position, its saliency reduced due to the PNI process. | |||
As in many SOV languages, modifiers precede their heads: | As in many SOV languages, modifiers precede their heads: | ||