Karnišna: Difference between revisions
(→Syntax) |
|||
| Line 48: | Line 48: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: | The Carnian consonant inventory is fairly simple. There are 32 consonants in total, 9 of which are geminate consonants. Carnian has lost the velar plosive /g/ and turned it into the velar fricative /ɣ/, with [g] being now an allophone of [ɣ]. An interesting feature of the language is also the dental fricative /ð/, which has developed from /d/ in some positions. Despite being a Slavic language, Carnian completely lacks palatal or palatalised consonants (except for /j/ and even that is often considered as a non-vocalic vowel). | ||
! style="width: | |||
! style="width: | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 610px; text-align:center;" | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 120px; " colspan="2" | | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 70px; " |Bilabial | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 70px; " |Labio-dental | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 70px; " |Dental | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 70px; " |Alveolar | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Post-<br>alveolar | |||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 70px; " |Palatal | ||
! style="width: 70px; " |Velar | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Nasal | ! style="" rowspan="2" | Nasal !! <small>Plain</small> | ||
| | | m | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| n | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
! style="" |<small>Geminate</small> | |||
| mː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| nː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Plosive | ! style="" rowspan="2" |Plosive !! <small>Plain</small> | ||
| | | p b | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| t d | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| k | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |<small>Geminate</small> | |||
| pː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| tː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| kː | |||
|- | |||
! style="" rowspan="2" |Fricative !! <small>Plain</small> | |||
| | | | ||
| f | |||
| ð | |||
| s z | |||
| ʃ ʒ | |||
| | | | ||
| x ɣ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | | ! style="" |<small>Geminate</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| fː | |||
| | | | ||
| sː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Affricate | ! style="" colspan="2" |Affricate | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| t͡s | |||
| t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Approximant | ! style="" colspan="2" |Approximant | ||
| | | | ||
| ʋ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| j | |||
| w | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Trill | ! style="" colspan="2" |Trill | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| r | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Flap or tap | ! style="" colspan="2" |Flap or tap | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| ɾ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Lateral | ! style="" rowspan="2" |Lateral approx. !! <small>Plain</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| l | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | | ! style="" |<small>Geminate</small> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| lː | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 01:38, 25 September 2013
| Carnian | |
|---|---|
| Ⰽⰰⱃⱀⰻⱎⱀⰰ Karnišna | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ˈkaɾniʃna]] |
| Created by | – |
| Native to | Italy |
| Native speakers | - (2013) |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | - |
| ISO 639-2 | - |
| ISO 639-3 | - |
Carnian, also known as Karnišna (natively), is a South Slavic language spoken in Northern Italy, more specifically in two regions: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto. The language borders on several languages spoken in the area, namely Slovene, Friulian, Venetian, Italian and German. Carnian is a fairly conservative language (it has dual, for example), but with heavy influence from the neighbouring Romance languages, both in its grammar and vocabulary. The official script of the language is Glagolitic but Latin is used at an increasing rate nowadays.
Background
Phonology
Consonants
The Carnian consonant inventory is fairly simple. There are 32 consonants in total, 9 of which are geminate consonants. Carnian has lost the velar plosive /g/ and turned it into the velar fricative /ɣ/, with [g] being now an allophone of [ɣ]. An interesting feature of the language is also the dental fricative /ð/, which has developed from /d/ in some positions. Despite being a Slavic language, Carnian completely lacks palatal or palatalised consonants (except for /j/ and even that is often considered as a non-vocalic vowel).
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | Plain | m | n | |||||
| Geminate | mː | nː | ||||||
| Plosive | Plain | p b | t d | k | ||||
| Geminate | pː | tː | kː | |||||
| Fricative | Plain | f | ð | s z | ʃ ʒ | x ɣ | ||
| Geminate | fː | sː | ||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | j | w | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
| Flap or tap | ɾ | |||||||
| Lateral approx. | Plain | l | ||||||
| Geminate | lː | |||||||
Vowels
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | |||||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | |||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open |