Schlaub: Difference between revisions
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''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haud nun Tsub.'' | ''klöh xan haud wie Trob, haud nun Tsub.'' | ||
''Mpfein schwie ein | ''Mpfein schwie ein Ntzähl aus Tsub,'' | ||
''Leid wen Bläuß dran, mal Schlub von trlin.'' | ''Leid wen Bläuß dran, mal Schlub von trlin.'' | ||
''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß hin,'' | ''Väd mleib weg die Gleiß hin,'' |
Revision as of 15:36, 5 December 2018
Schlaub/Lexicon
Schlaub/Swadesh list
Schlaub | |
---|---|
Ntzog Schlaub | |
Pronunciation | [/ⁿz̪o̤˧ ɬəʊ˥˩/] |
Created by | Praimhín, IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Shum
| |
Schlaub (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh; natively: Ntzog Schlaub /ⁿtsʰo̤˧ ɬəu˥˩/; Windermere: brits Ław) is a Bjeheondian tonal language, inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.
- Kön-Ig = a surname
Background
As folk etymology has it, the name of the Hlou (Schlaub) people comes from the word schlaub 'temperate', thus 'of the temperate lands'.
Diachronics
Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɪ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.
Rimes with glottal stop finals come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.
ä > au; äh > oh
ë > ä; ëi > ei; ëh > äh
Phonology
Vowels
Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.
a e i o u ä ö = /a e i o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/
ah eh ih oh uh äh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -l tones]
ei ie au äu = /əi iə əu əũ/
Consonants
Hlou has about 65 initials.
Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | voiceless | schm m̥ | schn n̥ | ||||||||||
voiced | m m | ml mˡ | n n | nl nˡ | nr ɳ | ||||||||
Plosive | tenuis | b p | bl pˡ | d t | dl tˡ | dr ʈ | drl ʈˡ | g k | gl kˡ | ʔ | |||
aspirated | p pʰ | pl pˡʰ | t tʰ | tl tˡʰ | tr ʈʰ | trl ʈˡʰ | k kʰ | kl kˡʰ | |||||
prenasalized | mb ᵐb | mbl ᵐbˡ | nd ⁿd | ndr ᶯɖ | ng ᵑɡ | ngl ᵑɡˡ | |||||||
mp ᵐpʰ | mpl ᵐpˡʰ | nt ⁿtʰ | ntr ᶯʈʰ | nk ᵑkʰ | nkl ᵑkˡʰ | ||||||||
Affricate | tenuis | dz ts̪ | ds ts̺ | dx tʃ | |||||||||
aspirated | pf pɸ | tz ts̪ʰ | ts ts̺ʰ | tx tʃʰ | |||||||||
prenasalized | ndz ⁿdz̪ | nds ⁿdz̺ | ndx ⁿdʒ | ||||||||||
mpf ᵐpɸ | ntz ⁿts̪ʰ | nts ⁿts̺ʰ | ntx ⁿtʃʰ | ||||||||||
Continuant | voiceless | f f | fl fˡ | z s̪ | s s̺ | schl ɬ | x ʃ | schr ʂ | sch ɧ | schw ʍ | h h | ||
voiced | v v | l l | j ʒ | r ʐ~ɻ | w w |
Tone
Schlaub has 8 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.
Orthography | Tone | Example |
---|---|---|
∅ | mid level / mid checked (33~32) | lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant' |
-n | low level / low checked (21~11) | laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' |
-l | high level / high checked (45~55) | Laul /ləu˦˥/ 'song' |
-b | high falling (53~51) | Laub /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)' |
-d | dipping / low falling (313~31) | Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe' |
-g | breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' |
-s | rising (24) | laus /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive' |
-ß | broken rising (3ˀ5) | Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' |
Approximate tone frequencies: n ~ l > 0, b ~ s > g > ß ~ d
Orthography
Traditional logography
Schngellstein's alphabet
The key feature of Schngellstein's orthography (used in this article) is using final consonant letters for tones, making words easier to learn by using photographic memory.
Hrảm Hlôu
This transliteration was created by Praimhín for those not preferring the German-style orthography.
Initials
Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Retroflex | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | plain | lateral | ||||||
Nasal | voiceless | hm m̥ | hn n̥ | ||||||||||
voiced | m m | ml mˡ | n n | nl nˡ | nr ɳ | ||||||||
Plosive | tenuis | b p | bl pˡ | d t | dl tˡ | dr ʈ | drl ʈˡ | g k | gl kˡ | ʔ | |||
aspirated | p pʰ | pl pˡʰ | t tʰ | tl tˡʰ | tr ʈʰ | trl ʈˡʰ | c kʰ | cl kˡʰ | |||||
prenasalized | nb ᵐb | nbl ᵐbˡ | nd ⁿd | ndr ᶯɖ | ng ᵑɡ | ngl ᵑɡˡ | |||||||
np ᵐpʰ | npl ᵐpˡʰ | nt ⁿtʰ | ntr ᶯʈʰ | nc ᵑkʰ | ncl ᵑkˡʰ | ||||||||
Affricate | tenuis | ds ts̪ | dß ts̺ | dx tʃ | |||||||||
aspirated | pf pɸ | ts ts̪ʰ | tß ts̺ʰ | tx tʃʰ | |||||||||
prenasalized | nds ⁿdz̪ | ndß ⁿdz̺ | ndx ⁿdʒ | ||||||||||
npf ᵐpɸ | nts ⁿts̪ʰ | ntß ⁿts̺ʰ | ntx ⁿtʃʰ | ||||||||||
Continuant | voiceless | f f | fl fˡ | s s̪ | ß s̺ | hl ɬ | x ʃ | hr ʂ | sw ɧ | hw ʍ | h h | ||
voiced | v v | l l | j ʒ | r ʐ~ɻ | w w |
Vowels
a e i o u ei ou /a e i o u əi əu/
am om oum /ã~ɛ̃ õ ə̃u/
ac ec ic oc uc anc onc /aʔ eʔ iʔ oʔ uʔ/
Tones
Orthography | Tone | Example |
---|---|---|
a | mid level / mid checked (33~32) | lou /ləu˧/ 'to plant' |
à | low level / low checked (21~11) | lòu /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile' |
á | high level / high checked (45~55) | lóu /ləu˦˥/ 'song' |
â | high falling (53~51) | lôu /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)' |
ả | dipping / low falling (313~31) | lỏu /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe' |
ah | breathy mid level (33 + breathy) | louh /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit' |
ä | rising (24) | löu /ləu˨˦/ 'to receive' |
ã | broken rising (3ˀ5) | lõu /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle' |
Grammar
Hlou is analytic and SVO, and is head-initial:
- Xan mpes Nän sein.
- /ʃa˨˩ ᵐpʰe˨˦ nɛ̃˨˩ s̺əi˨˩/
- 1SG drink water PROG
- I am drinking water.
- Xan flog Dsied bis Tu Mäb.
- /ʃa˨˩ flo̤˧ ts̺iə˧˩ pi˨˦ tʰu˧ mɛ̃˥˩/
- 1SG have home in Tumhan
- I live in Tumhan.
- Dahn dsaul weg zu Mpfein an zu Schnos.
- /taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ a˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/
- 1PL speak about VN love and VN hate
- We speak about love and hate.
Are you saving it for me? = Zied dsohl ja nun xan es? (Q 2SG save 3SG.inan for 1SG Q)
we love him so we are welcoming him = Dahn mpfein so weil dahn nkeid zu Schleib so sein (1PL love 3SG.anim CONJ 1PL celebrate VN come 3SG.anim PRES.PROG)
Pronouns
Personal
Person | Singular | Dual | Plural |
---|---|---|---|
1 | xan | bluß | dahn |
2 | zied | jen | schlag |
3 | so (animate) ja (inanimate) |
nleib | zug |
2, 3 (respectful) | Sie | ||
Impersonal | es |
Hlou has no passive voice; the impersonal es is used instead. For example, Es nlaß Ngu hin. means 'The brick was baked.' or 'The bricks were baked.'
Demonstrative
What | This | That | Any | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pronominal | nab | naus | nein/nin | nan |
Place | drab | draus | drein/drin | dran |
Manner/Extent | rab | raus | rein/rin | ran |
Prepositions
- bis = in, at
- je = from
- nun = for
- ob = vocative
- weg = about
- wie = to
- wen = like
Auxiliaries
- hab = causative
Particles
- sein = present progressive
- hin = past
- bei = future
- ihn = imperative
- mal = cohortative
- es = question
- eh = tag question
- da = exclamatory
- viel = softening
- eh = negative
- schon = prohibitive
- los = inchoative
- wohl = emphatic
Conjunctions
- an = and
- in = or
- leid = but
- von = relative clause
- tun = complement clause
- daß = if
- weil = then, so, therefore
Nouns
ein = definite article
die = indefinite article
Words are pluralized by reduplication: Ndol Ndol = people. Only animates are pluralized consistently.
Verbs and adjectives
Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.
Classifiers
Schlaub does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.
Numerals
1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß
100: trleh
1000: schöd
Schm-reduplication
Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is often repeated.
"Leid xan dzahl heb die Nöl da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL "Nöl schmöl schmöl, zied mbuh ngäs man wohl!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH
Fossilized morphology
- PHS s-
- Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
- schlaub 'temperate' < Laub 'spring'
- Schwiß 'plain' < wiß 'flat'
- PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
- -∅ > -b: Laub 'spring' < lau 'to plant'
- -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'
Poetry
[Under construction]
Example of a virelai (Hlou: ???) [the poem is gibberish]:
Original | IPA | English |
---|---|---|
Mpfein schwie ein Ntzähl an Tsub, |
[ᵐpɸəi˨˩ ʍiə˧ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿts̪ʰãʔ˥ ʔa˥˧ ts̺ʰu˥˩] |
Sample text
Tower of Babel
- Bis Ndreib nein ein Xal dzeb flog die Ntzog an die zu Wel meid hin.
- /pi˨˥ ᶯɖəi˥˩ nəi˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ʃa˦˥ ts̪e˥˩ flo̤˧ tiə˧ ⁿts̪ʰo̤˧ ʔəu˨˥ tiə˧ s̪u˧we˦˥ məi˨˥ hi˨˩/
- LOC time that DEF world whole have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST
- Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.
- Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub an ein Ndol Ndol wie Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na an [nlub man] drein hin.
- /ləi˧˩ pi˨˥ kliə˧˩ s̪u˧ⁿdʒu˥˩ ʔa˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ wiə˧ n̥ãʔ˩ s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧ tiə˧ ʍi˧ˀ˥ pi˧˩ ʃi˧na˧ ʔəu˧˩ nlu˥˩ma˨˩ ʈəi˨˩ hi˨˩/
- but [as] VN move GEN DEF person person PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST
- As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
- An ein Ndol Ndol tlau wie veß, "Ob bus Ngu an nlaß zug [schlög schlög] mal."
- /ʔəu˨˥ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ tɬʰəu˧ wiə˧ ve˧ˀ˥, "o˥˩ pu˧˩ ᵑɡu˧ ʔəu˧˩ nla˧ˀ˥ s̪ṳ˧ ɬõ̤˧ɬõ̤˧ ma˦˥"/
- CONJ DEF person person say PREP one_another, VOC make brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] COHORT
- They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly."
- Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub an Schrähl [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.
- /s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧mlo˥˩ ᵑɡu˧ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ pɸəu˥˩ ʔəu˧˩ ʂãʔ˥ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ kʰi˨˥ᵐbeʔ˧ hi˨˩/
- 3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST
- They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.
- An zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbihl nun dahn an bis ja die Nklohl von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse mal.
- /ʔəu˧˩ s̪ṳ˧ tɬʰəu˧, "ʔo˥˩ ⁿts̺ʰəu˧˩ tiə˧ ᵐbiʔ˥ nu˨˩ taʔ˩ ʔəu˧˩ pi˧˩ ʒa˧ tiə˧ ᵑkʰloʔ˥ vo˨˩ m̥əu˧ˀ˥ ɻə̤u˧ma˨˩ ⁿts̺ʰe˧ ma˦˥/
- and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky COHORT
- And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.
- Rein dahn kla xaus Ntrob mal. In dzas es mpeib dahn dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb bei."
- That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."
- Leid ein Schwed schleib mpfau [...] hin.
- But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building.
- Ein Schwed tlau, [...]
- The Lord said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.
- [...]
- "Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”
- An ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb an zug vus ntsaus ein Mbihl hin.
- So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city.
- Weil ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab drleß ndäul ein Ntzog an ein Xal dzeb hin.
- That is why it was called Babel — because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world.
- Je drein ein Schwed mpeib zug dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb hin.
- From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.