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==Conditional sentences==
==Conditional sentences==
Conditional sentences in Chlouvānem grammar are those generally introduced by the particle '''pū''', meaning "if". There are two general categories of conditional sentences: real and hypothetical.
Conditional sentences in Chlouvānem grammar are those generally introduced by the particle '''pū''', meaning "if". There are three general types of conditional sentences: factual (with deductive as a subtype), predictive (with non-past speculative as a subtype), and (past) speculative.


Real sentences are those where the sentence expresses an implication that is always true. These sentences are generally in the indicative mood; note that in real, just like in hypothetical, sentences, ''mārim'' (then) is optionally used in order to introduce the second clause:
Factual sentences are those where the sentence expresses an implication that is always true. These sentences are always in the indicative mood; note that in real, just like in hypothetical, sentences, ''mārim'' (then) is optionally used in order to introduce the second clause:
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = pū hālyanēṃṣom vasi ndaheɂinē ga lārvājuṣu mišiṣyeste.
| phrase = pū hālyanēṃṣom vasi ndaheɂinē ga lārvājuṣu mišiṣyeste.
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| translation = If you have called Ms. Naikā, she will come. <small>OR:</small> [...] she's expected to come.
| translation = If you have called Ms. Naikā, she will come. <small>OR:</small> [...] she's expected to come.
}}
}}
Hypothetical sentences are those where the result may be or might have been true if the condition gets/would have been fulfilled. There are two main possibilities:

In factual (and deductive) conditional sentences, there are some rules governing tenses:
Sentences with a present condition, regardless of whether the condition might be fulfilled or it is completely impossible. If the condition is ultimately fulfillable, then it differs from "real if-sentences" as the result they express is not likely to happen or used as a warning.<br/>
* present in both clauses is only possible if they are contemporaneous (''pū lalyā vi, suyah vi'' "if it's night, it's dark");
The condition (''pū'' clause) is always in the imperfective subjunctive; the main clause can be in the indicative (if stating an implicate result) or, more commonly, in the subjunctive (implying a wish). Some particular meanings always need the subjunctive due to their semantics being incompatible with depicting an "implicate result", e.g. all potential verbs with the meaning of "may". If the condition is impossible, then the second clause is always in the subjunctive:
* otherwise, a present if-clause needs to be followed by a future main clause. In these sentences (see the examples above), the future simple is exclusively imperfective (including marking a possibility which isn't time-dependant), and the future intentional is exclusively perfective.
* past tense in the if-clause is represented by the perfect in almost all cases (''pū umuṣeste, draute/dadrāṃte'' "if you asked, I did/have done it"), except when semantics demand imperfective aspect (''pū daša stāṭ, lelyē kite lįnukinaika'' "if it was raining, people likely stayed home").
As in the example given for the past tense if-clause, deductive sentences are built exactly like factual ones, but the main clause verb carries an assumptive evidential (''-ukin(a)-''):
{{Gloss
| phrase = pū daša sturiṣya lelyē kite lįnisyukina.
| gloss = if. rain.<small>DIR.SG</small>. fall.<small>IND.FUT-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. people-<small>DIR.PL</small>. home-<small>LOC.SG</small>. remain.<small>IND.FUT-ASS-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.
| translation = If it rains, people will likely stay home.
}}
Predictive conditional sentences and non-past speculative conditional ones are built mostly in the same way, with the if-clause having an imperfective subjunctive verb and the main clause having a choice between indicative or subjunctive, with tense and aspect dependant on meaning. The indicative in the main clause denotes a very high probability the result will happen should the condition be fulfilled; speculative conditionals never use the indicative in the main clause, and may be distinguished by adding the adverb ''lūminaise'' after ''pū''.
{{Gloss
| phrase = lili mæn pū nanū nūlastān gī lališire hāris ulgutāṃta.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. if. more. money.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>SUBJ.IMPF.EXP.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. be_new.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. carpet.<small>DIR.SG</small>. buy.<small>IND.FUTINT-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| translation = If I had more money, I'd surely buy a new carpet.
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = lili mæn pū nanū nūlastān gī lališire hāris lgutēt.
| phrase = lili mæn pū nanū nūlastān gī lališire hāris lgutēt.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. if. more. money.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>SUBJ.IMPF.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. be_new.<small>IND.PRES-3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. carpet.<small>DIR.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. if. more. money.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>SUBJ.IMPF.EXP.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. be_new.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. carpet.<small>DIR.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| translation = If I had more money, I'd buy a new carpet.
| translation = If I had more money, I'd buy a new carpet.
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = lili mæn pū nanū nūlastān gī chlǣcæm lilati.
| phrase = pū nenē tuheiladom kitī āndriṣya.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. if. more. money.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>SUBJ.IMPF.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. better. live.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-1SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| gloss = if. this.<small>DIR</small>. six_year_plan-<small>DAT.SG</small>. put.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. build.<small>IND.FUT-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| translation = If I had more money, I'd live better.
| translation = If this were included in the [next] six-year plan, it would be built.

}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = pū nenē tuheiladom kitī āndriṣya.
| phrase = lili mæn pū lūminaise maibu nūlastān gī lališire cūlla lgutēt.
| gloss = if. this.<small>DIR</small>. six_year_plan-<small>DAT.SG</small>. put.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. build.<small>IND.FUT-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. if. if_only. enough. money.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>SUBJ.IMPF.EXP.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. be_new.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. carpet.<small>DIR.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>.
| translation = If this were included in the [next] six-year plan, it would be built.

| translation = If only I had enough money, I'd buy a new car.
}}
}}
In unfulfillable past conditions, the condition is always in the perfective subjunctive, while the aspect of the main clause, always subjunctive, depends on the intended meaning/collocation in time.
Past speculative conditionals, due to the condition not being possible anymore, have the if-clause mandatorily in the perfective subjunctive, while the aspect of the main clause, still always subjunctive, depends on the intended meaning/collocation in time.
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = mei tati pū kulētate yaiva gātarirya.
| phrase = mei tati pū kulētate yaiva gātarirya.
| gloss = yes. <small>QUOT</small>. if. say.<small>SUBJ.PERF-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. all. be_different.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-3.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>.
| gloss = yes. <small>QUOT</small>. if. say.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. all. be_different.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>.
| translation = If I had said "yes", everything would be different (now)."
| translation = If I had said "yes", everything would be different (now)."
}}
}}
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = mei tati pū kulētate nanā gu najēt ša.
| phrase = mei tati pū kulētate nanā gu najēt ša.
| gloss = yes. <small>QUOT</small>. if. say-<small>SUBJ.PERF.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. that.<small>DIR</small>. <small>NEG</small>=happen-<small>SUBJ.PERF.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>=<small>NEG</small>.
| gloss = yes. <small>QUOT</small>. if. say-<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. that.<small>DIR</small>. <small>NEG</small>=happen-<small>SUBJ.PERF.EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>=<small>NEG</small>.
| translation = If I had said 'yes', that wouldn't have happened.
| translation = If I had said 'yes', that wouldn't have happened.
}}
}}
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{{Gloss
{{Gloss
| phrase = lili mæn emibat yaltat lgutēt e!
| phrase = lili mæn emibat yaltat lgutēt e!
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. one-<small>EXESS</small>. yaltan-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>DECLAR</small>.
| gloss = <small>1SG.DIR</small>. <small>TOPIC</small>. one-<small>EXESS</small>. yaltan-<small>EXESS.SG</small>. buy.<small>SUBJ.PERF-EXP-3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>DECLAR</small>.
| translation = I'd buy it for one yaltan!
| translation = I'd buy it for one yaltan!
}}
}}
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