Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions
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Proper names are indeclinable, i.e. they are always definite, and cannot be possessed. | Proper names are indeclinable, i.e. they are always definite, and cannot be possessed. | ||
====First declension==== | ====First declension==== | ||
The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''e'' to break up a forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''-stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The ı-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-ı'' before one beginning with a vowel. Geminate stems end in a long vowel plus a final consonant in their base forms, which changes to a short vowel + geminate. | The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''e'' to break up a forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''-stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The ı-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-ı'' before one beginning with a vowel. Geminate stems end in a long vowel plus a final consonant in their base forms, which changes to a short vowel + geminate. | ||
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|colspan="2"|''-āŋther'' | |colspan="2"|''-āŋther'' | ||
|colspan="2"|''-anther'' | |colspan="2"|''-anther'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Tonal patterns of nominals==== | ====Tonal patterns of nominals==== | ||
Every noun falls under one of four tonal paradigms. | Every noun falls under one of four tonal paradigms. | ||
#''kanǔar'' ('sitting'): The most common paradigm, the downstep remains stationary, except as required by downstep rules or in the presence of the downstep-attracting absolute possession suffixes. | #''kanǔar'' ('sitting'): The most common paradigm, the downstep remains stationary, except as required by downstep rules or in the presence of the downstep-attracting absolute possession suffixes. | ||
#'' | #''šenŧǐel'' ('shunning/evading'): The downstep is never on the suffix. | ||
#'' | #''the̋nák'' ('standing'): Every suffix, except for conjunct possessive suffixes, bear the downstep. | ||
#''gánħāŋém'' ('skipping/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix. | #''gánħāŋém'' ('skipping/tumbling'): The downstep is one mora before the boundary of the suffix in the base form, and moves to the desinence upon inflection by a definite suffix. | ||