Brusing/Middle

Brusing (Brūsingiska taga) is an Oselo-Bruso-Thedic language that emphasizes the non-Germanic aspects of the subbranch. It is inspired by Sanskrit and Old English.

Brusing was a classical language in Lõis's Europe.

Todo

• tāla (f) = sequence, row; a musical term

a e i u ā ē ī ū ei eu ai au āi ēi āu ēu ->
a e i u ā ē ī ū ūi ē āe ōe āe ūi ōe ē
i want ū to become ȳ
u-umlaut:
o œ y u ō œ­̄ ȳ ū ū œ̄ ōe ūi ōe ū ūi œ̄
suHnus -> *sūnus -> sūn "son"

• h₂elut "beer" -> *aluð -> olu
  

that sounds like estonian õlu
CVCuC words get the u if the V is short

Proto-Brusing:

Avis ðersaiwa

Avis, dat welnān natāra, spāða ðersuos: ainan kerrun wāðnan teuðanda, ainanwa mahsalān kerriðān, ainanwa ðumana sneuman paranda.

Grammar

Nouns

Brusing nouns had 6 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and locative.

o-stems

welk 'wolf (m.)' (< *wḷkʷós)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	welk	welke
Genitive	welkes	welkan
Dative	welke	welkum
Accusative	welk	welku
Ablative	welket	welkes
Locative	welke	welkus

þand 'child (n.)' (< *ǵénh₁tom)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	þand	þanda
Genitive	þandes	þandan
Dative	þande	þandum
Accusative	þand	þanda
Ablative	þandet	þandes
Locative	þande	þandus

eh2-stems

arda 'earth (f.)' (< *h1er-teh2)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	arda	ardas
Genitive	ardas	ardan
Dative	arde	ardum
Accusative	arda	ardu
Ablative	arde	ardes
Locative	arde	ardus

i- and u-stems

The i-stems and u-stems merge in Classical Brusing.

bǣd 'tyrant, despot (m.)' (< *potis)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bǣd	bǣdus
Genitive	bǣdus	bǣdian
Dative	bǣdu	bǣdum
Accusative	bǣd	bǣdi
Ablative	bǣdus	bǣdis
Locative	bǣdu	bǣdis

glōst 'load (f.)' (< **kleh₂-s-tus)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	glōst	glōstus
Genitive	glōstus	glōstian
Dative	glōstu	glōstum
Accusative	glōst	glōsti
Ablative	glōstus	glōstis
Locative	glōstu	glōstis

ih2-stems

wǣsti (POBT wostiyā) = clothing

n-stems

nāma 'name (n.)' (< POBT *nomṇ)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nāma	nāman
Genitive	nǣman	nāmanan
Dative	nǣman	nāmanum
Accusative	nāma	nāman
Ablative	nǣmin	nāmanis
Locative	nǣmin	nāmanis

Likewise: wāta 'water', ðarta 'heart'

Athematics

perk 'city (f.)' (< *bʰṛgʰs)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	perk	perkas
Genitive	perkas	perkan
Dative	perku	perkum
Accusative	perka	perkas
Ablative	perkas	perkis
Locative	perki	perkus

Adjectives

Adjectives decline for number, gender, case and definiteness.

kāt 'good' from *gʰôdʰos

kāt 'good'; indefinite declension

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kāt	welke
Genitive	welkes	welkan
Dative	welke	welkum
Accusative	welk	welku
Ablative	welket	welkes
Locative	welke	welkus

þand 'child (n.)' (< *ǵénh₁tom)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	þand	þanda
Genitive	þandes	þandan
Dative	þande	þandum
Accusative	þand	þanda
Ablative	þandet	þandes
Locative	þande	þandus

Verbs

Unlike in Thedic languages, all verbs use the athematic endings in Brusing.

Verbs are negated by prefixing na-. (TODO: sandhi)

Verbs had five tenses: present, imperfect, aorist, perfect, and future.

The irrealis tenses are: subjunctive, optative, imperfective imperative, and aorist imperative.

Brusing also had a passive voice, inherited from PIE.

e/o-thematics

spaðan 'to see'

• Present: spaðem, spaðas, spaðad, spaðum, spaðad, spaðand
• Imperfect: aspað, aspaðast, aspað, aspaðum, aspaðad, aspaðer
• Aorist: aspās, aspāst, aspās, aspassum, aspassad, aspasser
• Perfect: spāð, spāst, spāð, spāðum, spāðad, spāðer
• Future: spassem, spassas, spassad, spassum, spassad, spassand
• Subjunctive: spaðā, spaðēs, spaðēd, spaðum, spaðād, spaðand
• Optative: spassāem, spassāes, spassāed, spassāeum, spassāead, spassāeand
• Imperative: -, spað, spassu, spaðum, spaðad, spaðandu

éye-verbs

dārayan 'to pain, to grieve'

• Present: dārayam, dārayas, dārayad, dārayum, dārayad, dārayān