Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns and adjectives have a rich morphology, albeit less ornate than verbs. They inflect for number, definiteness and possessedness, but not for case. Nouns have three numbers (singular, dual and plural) and two genders (masculine and feminine), and belong in one of three declensions. In third-person possessed forms, Themsaran makes a distinction, realized tonally, between the ''absolute'' possessed form, which indicates a noun possessed by a pronoun, and the ''conjunct'' possessed form, used to indicate a possessive relationship between two nouns and agreeing with the gender of the possessor. | Nouns and adjectives have a rich morphology, albeit less ornate than verbs. They inflect for number, definiteness and possessedness, but not for case. Nouns have three numbers (singular, dual and plural) and two genders (masculine and feminine), and belong in one of three declensions. In third- and fourth-person possessed forms, Themsaran makes a distinction, realized tonally, between the ''absolute'' possessed form, which indicates a noun possessed by a pronoun, and the ''conjunct'' possessed form, used to indicate a possessive relationship between two nouns and agreeing with the gender of the possessor. | ||
Definite forms are used as the vocative. Definiteness is used more often than in English, but less than in continental European languages. Names of deities or deifications are primarily indefinite, but take definite agreement. | Definite forms are used as the vocative. Definiteness is used more often than in English, but less than in continental European languages. Names of deities or deifications are primarily indefinite, but take definite agreement. | ||
| Line 323: | Line 323: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="7"| '''First declension''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| | ! rowspan="2"| | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Dual | ||
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Definite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Definite | ||
!scope="col"|Indefinite | |||
!scope="col"|Definite | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Unpossessed | !scope="row"|Unpossessed | ||
|-Ø | |||
|''-ē'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ach'' | |||
|''-ūt'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|1sg | !scope="row"|1sg | ||
|''-ren'' | |||
|''-n'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūren'' | |||
|''-ūn'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.m | !scope="row"|2sg.m | ||
|''-rze'' | |||
|''-ze'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrze'' | |||
|''-ūze'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.f | !scope="row"|2sg.f | ||
|''-rvi'' | |||
|''-vi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrvi'' | |||
|''-ūvi'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.m | !scope="row"|3sg.m | ||
|''-ru'' | |||
|''-u'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūru'' | |||
|''-ū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.f | !scope="row"|3sg.f | ||
|''-ri'' | |||
|''-i'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūri'' | |||
|''-ȳ'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.m | !scope="row"|4sg.m | ||
|''-rŧu'' | |||
|''-ŧu'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrŧu'' | |||
|''-ŧū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.f | !scope="row"|4sg.f | ||
| | |''-rŧi'' | ||
| | |''-ŧi'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|''-ūrŧi'' | |||
|''-ŧȳ'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|<abbr title="roughly "whose"">inv</abbr> | |||
|''-rth'' | |||
|''-th'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''-ūrth'' | |||
|''-ūth'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|1pl.ex | |||
|''-ram'' | |||
|''-am'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''-ūram'' | |||
|''-ūm'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|1dl.in | |||
|''-rent'' | |||
|''-ent'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''-ūrent'' | |||
|''-ūnt'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|2dl | |||
|''-rlys'' | |||
|''-lys'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''-ūrys'' | |||
|''-ūs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|3dl | ||
|''-rryth'' | |||
|''-ryth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūryth'' | |||
|''-ūth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|4dl | ||
|''-rech'' | |||
|''-eich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrech'' | |||
|''-ūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.ex | ||
| | |''-ram'' | ||
|''-am'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūram'' | |||
|''-ūm'' | |||
|- | |||
!scope="row"|1pl.in | |||
|''-rent'' | |||
|''-ent'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''-ūrent'' | |||
|''-ūnt'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.m | !scope="row"|2pl.m | ||
|''-rlys'' | |||
|''-lys'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrys'' | |||
|''-ūs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.f | !scope="row"|2pl.f | ||
|''-rryth'' | |||
|''-ryth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūryth'' | |||
|''-ūth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.m | !scope="row"|3pl.m | ||
|''-rech'' | |||
|''-eich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrech'' | |||
|''-ūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.f | !scope="row"|3pl.f | ||
|''-rer'' | |||
|''-ier'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrer'' | |||
|''-ūr'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.m | !scope="row"|4pl.m | ||
|''-rŧech'' | |||
|''-ŧeich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrŧech'' | |||
|''-ŧūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.f | !scope="row"|4pl.f | ||
|''-rŧer'' | |||
|''-ŧier'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ūrŧer'' | |||
|''-ŧūr'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 454: | Line 531: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Unpossessed | !scope="row"|Unpossessed | ||
|''-i'' | |||
|''-ī'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıach'' (m.)/''-ıir'' (f.) | |||
|''-ıūt'' (m.)/''-ıina'' (f.) | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|1sg | !scope="row"|1sg | ||
|''-iren'' | |||
|''-in'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūren'' | |||
|''-ıūn'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.m | !scope="row"|2sg.m | ||
|''-irze'' | |||
|''-ize'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrze'' | |||
|''-ıūze'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.f | !scope="row"|2sg.f | ||
|''-irvi'' | |||
|''-ivi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrvi'' | |||
|''-ıūvi'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.m | !scope="row"|3sg.m | ||
|''-iru'' | |||
|''-ıu'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūru'' | |||
|''-ıū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.f | !scope="row"|3sg.f | ||
|''-ıri'' | |||
|''-ıi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūri'' | |||
|''-ıī'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.m | !scope="row"|4sg.m | ||
|''-irŧu'' | |||
|''-iŧu'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrŧu'' | |||
|''-iŧū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.f | !scope="row"|4sg.f | ||
|''-irŧi'' | |||
|''-iŧi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrŧi'' | |||
|''-iŧȳ'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|<abbr title="roughly "whose"">inv</abbr> | ||
|''-irth'' | |||
|''-ith'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrth'' | |||
|''-ıūth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.ex | ||
|''-iram'' | |||
|''-ıam'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-iūram'' | |||
|''-ıūm'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.in | ||
|''-irent'' | |||
|''-int'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrent'' | |||
|''-ıūnt'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.m | !scope="row"|2pl.m | ||
|''-irlys'' | |||
|''-ilys'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrys'' | |||
|''-ıūs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.f | !scope="row"|2pl.f | ||
|''-irryth'' | |||
|''-iryth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūryth'' | |||
|''-ıūth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.m | !scope="row"|3pl.m | ||
|''-irech'' | |||
|''-īch'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrech'' | |||
|''-ıūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.f | !scope="row"|3pl.f | ||
|''-irer'' | |||
|''-īr'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrer'' | |||
|''-ıūr'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.m | !scope="row"|4pl.m | ||
|''-irŧech'' | |||
|''-iŧeich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrŧech'' | |||
|''-iŧūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.f | !scope="row"|4pl.f | ||
|''-irŧer'' | |||
|''-iŧier'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ıūrŧer'' | |||
|''-iŧūr'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 559: | Line 670: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="7"| '''ħ-stems''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| | ! rowspan="2"| | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Dual | ||
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Definite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | !scope="col"|Definite | ||
!scope="col"|Indefinite | |||
!scope="col"|Definite | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Unpossessed | !scope="row"|Unpossessed | ||
|''-ā'' | |||
|''-aħê'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħach'' | |||
|''-aħūt'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|1sg | !scope="row"|1sg | ||
|''-arren'' | |||
|''-ān'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūren'' | |||
|''-aħūn'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.m | !scope="row"|2sg.m | ||
|''-arze'' | |||
|''-azze'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrze'' | |||
|''-aħūze'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.f | !scope="row"|2sg.f | ||
|''-arvi'' | |||
|''-avvi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrvi'' | |||
|''-aħūvi'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.m | !scope="row"|3sg.m | ||
|''-arru'' | |||
|''-aħu'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūru'' | |||
|''-aħū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.f | !scope="row"|3sg.f | ||
|''-arri'' | |||
|''-aħi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūri'' | |||
|''-aħī'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.m | !scope="row"|4sg.m | ||
|''-arŧu'' | |||
|''-aŧŧu'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrŧu'' | |||
|''-aŧŧū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.f | !scope="row"|4sg.f | ||
|''-arŧi'' | |||
|''-aŧŧi'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrŧi'' | |||
|''-aŧŧȳ'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|<abbr title="roughly "whose"">inv</abbr> | ||
|''-arth'' | |||
|''-āth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrth'' | |||
|''-aħūth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.ex | ||
|''-arram'' | |||
|''-aħam'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūram'' | |||
|''-aħūm'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.in | ||
|''-arrent'' | |||
|''-ānt'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrent'' | |||
|''-aħūnt'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.m | !scope="row"|2pl.m | ||
|''-arlys'' | |||
|''-allys'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūcys'' | |||
|''-aħȳs'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.f | !scope="row"|2pl.f | ||
|''-arryth'' | |||
|''-āryth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūryth'' | |||
|''-aħȳth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.m | !scope="row"|3pl.m | ||
|''-arrech'' | |||
|''-aħeich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrech'' | |||
|''-aħūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.f | !scope="row"|3pl.f | ||
|''-arrer'' | |||
|''-aħier'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrer'' | |||
|''-aħūr'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.m | !scope="row"|4pl.m | ||
|''-arŧech'' | |||
|''-aŧŧeich'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrŧu'' | |||
|''-aŧŧūch'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.f | !scope="row"|4pl.f | ||
|''-arŧer'' | |||
|''-aŧŧier'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-aħūrŧi'' | |||
|''-aŧŧūr'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 680: | Line 828: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2"| | ! rowspan="2"| | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" scope="col"|Dual | ||
! colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | ! scope="col"|Definite | ||
! | ! scope="col"|Indefinite | ||
! | ! scope="col"|Definite | ||
! scope="col"|Indefinite | |||
! scope="col"|Definite | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|Unpossessed | !scope="row"|Unpossessed | ||
|''-e'' | |||
|''-ā'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ir'' | |||
|''-ena'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|1sg | !scope="row"|1sg | ||
|''-acen'' | |||
|''-an'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncan'' | |||
|''-ānan'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.m | !scope="row"|2sg.m | ||
|''-agze'' | |||
|''-za'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānze'' | |||
|''-anze'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2sg.f | !scope="row"|2sg.f | ||
|''-acve'' | |||
|''-va'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānve'' | |||
|''-anvi'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.m | !scope="row"|3sg.m | ||
|''-acu'' | |||
|''-au'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncu'' | |||
|''-anū'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3sg.f | !scope="row"|3sg.f | ||
|''-aci'' | |||
|''-ai'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānci'' | |||
|''-anī'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.m | !scope="row"|4sg.m | ||
|''-acŧu'' | |||
|''-ath'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānŧu'' | |||
|''-anŧu'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4sg.f | !scope="row"|4sg.f | ||
|''-acŧi'' | |||
|''-eth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānŧi'' | |||
|''-anŧi'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|<abbr title="roughly "whose"">inv</abbr> | ||
|''-acth'' | |||
|''-th'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānth'' | |||
|''-anth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.ex | ||
|''-acam'' | |||
|''-ām'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncam'' | |||
|''-anam'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"| | !scope="row"|1pl.in | ||
|''-acent'' | |||
|''-ant'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncent'' | |||
|''-anent'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.m | !scope="row"|2pl.m | ||
|''-aclys'' | |||
|''-alys'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānclys'' | |||
|''-annys'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|2pl.f | !scope="row"|2pl.f | ||
|''-acryth'' | |||
|''-aryth'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncryth'' | |||
|''-annyth'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.m | !scope="row"|3pl.m | ||
|''-acech'' | |||
|''-āch'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncech'' | |||
|''-anech'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|3pl.f | !scope="row"|3pl.f | ||
|''-acer'' | |||
|''-air'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-āncer'' | |||
|''-aner'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.m | !scope="row"|4pl.m | ||
|''-acŧech'' | |||
|''-ŧach'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānŧech'' | |||
|''-anŧech'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
!scope="row"|4pl.f | !scope="row"|4pl.f | ||
|''-acŧer'' | |||
|''-ŧair'' | |||
| | | | ||
| | |||
|''-ānŧer'' | |||
|''-anŧer'' | |||
|} | |} | ||