Hawari language: Difference between revisions

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! rowspan="2"|
! rowspan="2"|
! colspan="3" align="center" |Alphabets
! colspan="3" align="center" |Alphabets
! rowspan="2" |Sound type
|-
|-
!Latin
!Latin
Line 39: Line 40:
!Arabic
!Arabic
|-
|-
| '''(1)''' || A a || a || ا
| '''(1)''' || A a || a || ا || v
|-
|-
| '''(2)''' || Ã ã || ã || اࣸ
| '''(2)''' || Ã ã || ã || اࣸ || v
|-
|-
| '''(3)''' || Ȧ ȧ || a / ɛ (f) || ا࣪
| '''(3)''' || Ȧ ȧ || a / ɛ (f) || ا࣪ || v
|-
|-
| '''(4)''' || Å å || a / - (f) || ا࣫
| '''(4)''' || Å å || a / - (f) || ا࣫ || v
|-
|-
| '''(5)''' || Â â || ɑ/ˑ/ː || اٚ
| '''(5)''' || Â â || ɑ/ˑ/ː || اٚ || v
|-
|-
| '''(6)''' || Ậ ậ || ɔ || اٚ࣪
| '''(6)''' || Ậ ậ || ɔ || اٚ࣪ || v
|-
|-
| '''(7)''' || Ẫ ẫ || ɔ̃ || اࣷ
| '''(7)''' || Ẫ ẫ || ɔ̃ || اࣷ || v
|-
|-
| '''(8)''' || Ā ā || æ/ˑ || ەٙ
| '''(8)''' || Ā ā || æ/ˑ || ەٙ || v
|-
|-
| '''(9)''' || Ä ä || æː || ەٙٙ
| '''(9)''' || Ä ä || æː || ەٙٙ || v
|-
|-
| '''(10)''' || Ă ă || ɐ̯ || اٛ
| '''(10)''' || Ă ă || ɐ̯ || اٛ || s
|-
|-
| '''(11)''' || B b || b || ب
| '''(11)''' || B b || b || ب || c
|-
|-
| '''(12)''' || Bʰ bʰ || bʱ || ٻ
| '''(12)''' || Bʰ bʰ || bʱ || ٻ || c
|-
|-
| '''(13)''' || C c || d͡ʒ || ج
| '''(13)''' || C c || d͡ʒ || ج || c
|-
|-
| '''(14)''' || Cʰ cʰ || d͡ʒʱ || ڃ
| '''(14)''' || Cʰ cʰ || d͡ʒʱ || ڃ || c
|-
|-
| '''(15)''' || Č č || .ʃt / ʃt. || ڄ
| '''(15)''' || Č č || .ʃt / ʃt. || ڄ || c
|-
|-
| '''(16)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ || چ
| '''(16)''' || Ç ç || t͡ʃ || چ || c
|-
|-
| '''(17)''' || Çʰ çʰ || t͡ʃʰ || ڇ
| '''(17)''' || Çʰ çʰ || t͡ʃʰ || ڇ || c
|-
|-
| '''(18)''' || Ć ć || .st / st. || ڜ
| '''(18)''' || Ć ć || .st / st. || ڜ || c
|-
|-
| '''(19)''' || D d || d || د
| '''(19)''' || D d || d || د || c
|-
|-
| '''(20)''' || Dʰ dʰ || dʱ || ڌ
| '''(20)''' || Dʰ dʰ || dʱ || ڌ || c
|-
|-
| '''(21)''' || Ḓ ḓ || dˑ || دّ
| '''(21)''' || Ḓ ḓ || dˑ || دّ || c
|-
|-
| '''(22)''' || Đ ð || ð || ذ
| '''(22)''' || Đ ð || ð || ذ || c
|-
|-
| '''(23)''' || Ď ď || d͡ð || دٚ
| '''(23)''' || Ď ď || d͡ð || دٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(24)''' || Ḍ ḍ || dˤ || ڊ / ض
| '''(24)''' || Ḍ ḍ || dˤ || ڊ / ض || c
|-
|-
| '''(25)''' || Ḋ ḋ || ɖ || ډ
| '''(25)''' || Ḋ ḋ || ɖ || ډ || c
|-
|-
| '''(26)''' || Ḑ ḑ || d͡ʑ || دٛ
| '''(26)''' || Ḑ ḑ || d͡ʑ || دٛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(27)''' || E e || ɛ/ˑ/ː || ە
| '''(27)''' || E e || ɛ/ˑ/ː || ە || v
|-
|-
| '''(28)''' || Ė ė || ɛ / - (f) || ە࣪
| '''(28)''' || Ė ė || ɛ / - (f) || ە࣪ || v
|-
|-
| '''(29)''' || Ẽ ẽ || ẽ || ەࣷ
| '''(29)''' || Ẽ ẽ || ẽ || ەࣷ || v
|-
|-
| '''(30)''' || Ê ê || e/ˑ/ː || ێ
| '''(30)''' || Ê ê || e/ˑ/ː || ێ || v
|-
|-
| '''(31)''' || Ễ ễ || ẽ || یࣸ
| '''(31)''' || Ễ ễ || ẽ || یࣸ || v
|-
|-
| '''(32)''' || Ë ë || ɯ̃ || ەࣸ
| '''(32)''' || Ë ë || ɯ̃ || ەࣸ || v
|-
|-
| '''(33)''' || -eh || ɛˑh / ɛj (f) / ɛt (f) || ے
| '''(33)''' || -eh || ɛˑh / ɛj (f) / ɛt (f) || ے || i
|-
|-
| '''(34)''' || -êh || eˑh / ej (f) / et (f) || ےٛ
| '''(34)''' || -êh || eˑh / ej (f) / et (f) || ےٛ || i
|-
|-
| '''(35)''' || F f || f || ف
| '''(35)''' || F f || f || ف || c
|-
|-
| '''(36)''' || Fʰ fʰ || fʰ || فٚ
| '''(36)''' || Fʰ fʰ || fʰ || فٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(37)''' || G g || g || گ
| '''(37)''' || G g || g || گ || c
|-
|-
| '''(38)''' || Gʰ gʰ || gʱ || گٛ
| '''(38)''' || Gʰ gʰ || gʱ || گٛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(39)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ʁ̬ || ڠ
| '''(39)''' || Ĝ ĝ || ʁ̬ || ڠ || c
|-
|-
| '''(40)''' || Ǧ ǧ || ɣ || غ
| '''(40)''' || Ǧ ǧ || ɣ || غ || c
|-
|-
| '''(41)''' || Ģ ģ || ɟ || گٚ
| '''(41)''' || Ģ ģ || ɟ || گٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(42)''' || H h || h / j (f) / t (f) || ھ
| '''(42)''' || H h || h / j (f) / t (f) || ھ || i
|-
|-
| '''(43)''' || Hʰ hʰ || ɦ || ھٚ
| '''(43)''' || Hʰ hʰ || ɦ || ھٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(44)''' || Ḧ ḧ || h || ھْ
| '''(44)''' || Ḧ ḧ || h || ھْ || c
|-
|-
| '''(45)''' || Ĥ ĥ || χ̬ || ھٛ
| '''(45)''' || Ĥ ĥ || χ̬ || ھٛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(46)''' || Ħ ħ || ħ || ح
| '''(46)''' || Ħ ħ || ħ || ح || c
|-
|-
| '''(47)''' || I i || ɯ/ˑ/ː || ۀ
| '''(47)''' || I i || ɯ/ˑ/ː || ۀ || v
|-
|-
| '''(48)''' || Į į || ɯ / - (f) || ۀٚ࣪
| '''(48)''' || Į į || ɯ / - (f) || ۀٚ࣪ || c
|-
|-
| '''(49)''' || Ǐ ǐ || ɯ(ˑ)j. || ۀی
| '''(49)''' || Ǐ ǐ || ɯ(ˑ)j || ۀی || s
|-
|-
| '''(50)''' || Î î || i/ˑ || ی
| '''(50)''' || Î î || i/ˑ || ی || v
|-
|-
| '''(51)''' || Ī ī || iː || یٙٙ
| '''(51)''' || Ī ī || iː || یٙٙ || v
|-
|-
| '''(52)''' || Ï ï || ɪ(ˑ)j || یٙ
| '''(52)''' || Ï ï || ɪ(ˑ)j || یٙ || s
|-
|-
| '''(53)''' || Îy îy || i(ˑ)j || ؽ
| '''(53)''' || Îy îy || i(ˑ)j || ؽ || s
|-
|-
| '''(54)''' || J j || ʒ || ژ
| '''(54)''' || J j || ʒ || ژ || c
|-
|-
| '''(55)''' || Jʰ jʰ || ʒʱ || ڙ
| '''(55)''' || Jʰ jʰ || ʒʱ || ڙ || c
|-
|-
| '''(56)''' || ᴶ ʲ || - || ٖ
| '''(56)''' || ᴶ ʲ || - || ٖ || c
|-
|-
| '''(57)''' || Ĵ ĵ || ʑ || ږ
| '''(57)''' || Ĵ ĵ || ʑ || ږ || c
|-
|-
| '''(58)''' || K k || k || ک
| '''(58)''' || K k || k || ک || c
|-
|-
| '''(59)''' || Kʰ kʰ || kʰ || ڪ
| '''(59)''' || Kʰ kʰ || kʰ || ڪ || c
|-
|-
| '''(60)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x / k͡x (d) || ڳ
| '''(60)''' || Ǩ ǩ || q͡x / k͡x (d) || ڳ || c
|-
|-
| '''(61)''' || Ķ ķ || .ks / ks. || ګ
| '''(61)''' || Ķ ķ || .ks / ks. || ګ || c
|-
|-
| '''(62)''' || Ḳ ḳ || c || کٚ
| '''(62)''' || Ḳ ḳ || c || کٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(63)''' || L l || l || ل
| '''(63)''' || L l || l || ل || c
|-
|-
| '''(64)''' || Lʰ lʰ || lʰ || ࢦ
| '''(64)''' || Lʰ lʰ || lʰ || ࢦ || c
|-
|-
| '''(65)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ || ڵ
| '''(65)''' || Ĺ ĺ || ɫ || ڵ || c
|-
|-
| '''(66)''' || Ł ł || ʎ || ݪ
| '''(66)''' || Ł ł || ʎ || ݪ || c
|-
|-
| '''(67)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ || ڶ
| '''(67)''' || Ļ ļ || ɭ || ڶ || c
|-
|-
| '''(68)''' || Ḽ ḽ || ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) || ڵْ
| '''(68)''' || Ḽ ḽ || ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) || ڵْ || m
|-
|-
| '''(69)''' || Ľ ľ || l̩ || لْ
| '''(69)''' || Ľ ľ || l̩ || لْ || m
|-
|-
| '''(70)''' || M m || m || م
| '''(70)''' || M m || m || م || c
|-
|-
| '''(71)''' || Mʰ mʰ || mʰ || مٚ
| '''(71)''' || Mʰ mʰ || mʰ || مٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(72)''' || Ḿ ḿ || mʲ || مِ
| '''(72)''' || Ḿ ḿ || mʲ || مِ || c
|-
|-
| '''(73)''' || N n || n || ن
| '''(73)''' || N n || n || ن || c
|-
|-
| '''(74)''' || Nʰ nʰ || nʱ || ڹ
| '''(74)''' || Nʰ nʰ || nʱ || ڹ || c
|-
|-
| '''(75)''' || Ń ń || ɲ || ڼ
| '''(75)''' || Ń ń || ɲ || ڼ || c
|-
|-
| '''(76)''' || Ň ň || ŋ || ݩ
| '''(76)''' || Ň ň || ŋ || ݩ || c
|-
|-
| '''(77)''' || Ŋ ŋ || ŋ (fin) / ŋg (int, med) || ݩْ
| '''(77)''' || Ŋ ŋ || ŋ (fin) / ŋg (int, med) || ݩْ || c
|-
|-
| '''(78)''' || Ṋ ṋ || nˑ || نّ
| '''(78)''' || Ṋ ṋ || nˑ || نّ || c
|-
|-
| '''(79)''' || Ṇ ṇ || ɴ || نࣷ
| '''(79)''' || Ṇ ṇ || ɴ || نࣷ || c
|-
|-
| '''(80)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ || نࣸ
| '''(80)''' || Ṅ ṅ || ɳ || نࣸ || c
|-
|-
| '''(81)''' || Ņ ņ || n̩ || نْ
| '''(81)''' || Ņ ņ || n̩ || نْ || c
|-
|-
| '''(82)''' || O o || o/ˑ || ۆ
| '''(82)''' || O o || o/ˑ || ۆ || v
|-
|-
| '''(83)''' || Ō ō || oː || ۆٙ
| '''(83)''' || Ō ō || oː || ۆٙ || v
|-
|-
| '''(84)''' || Ȯ ȯ || o / - (f) || ۆ࣪
| '''(84)''' || Ȯ ȯ || o / - (f) || ۆ࣪ || v
|-
|-
| '''(85)''' || Õ õ || õ || وࣸ
| '''(85)''' || Õ õ || õ || وࣸ || v
|-
|-
| '''(86)''' || Ô ô || ɔw || ۈ
| '''(86)''' || Ô ô || ɔw || ۈ || s
|-
|-
| '''(87)''' || Ö ö || œ || ۏ
| '''(87)''' || Ö ö || œ || ۏ || v
|-
|-
| '''(88)''' || Ø ø || ø || ۋ
| '''(88)''' || Ø ø || ø || ۋ || v
|-
|-
| '''(89)''' || Ǫ ǫ || əʊ̯ || وࣺ
| '''(89)''' || Ǫ ǫ || əʊ̯ || وࣺ || s
|-
|-
| '''(90)''' || P p || p || پ
| '''(90)''' || P p || p || پ || c
|-
|-
| '''(91)''' || Pʰ pʰ || pʰ || ڀ
| '''(91)''' || Pʰ pʰ || pʰ || ڀ || c
|-
|-
| '''(92)''' || Q q || q || ق
| '''(92)''' || Q q || q || ق || c
|-
|-
| '''(93)''' || R r || r || ر
| '''(93)''' || R r || r || ر || c
|-
|-
| '''(94)''' || Rʰ rʰ || ɾʰ || رٛ
| '''(94)''' || Rʰ rʰ || ɾʰ || رٛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(95)''' || Ř ř || ɹ || ڒ
| '''(95)''' || Ř ř || ɹ || ڒ || c
|-
|-
| '''(96)''' || Řʰ řʰ || ɹʱ || رࣸ
| '''(96)''' || Řʰ řʰ || ɹʱ || رࣸ || c
|-
|-
| '''(97)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ / ʀ || ړ
| '''(97)''' || Ŕ ŕ || ɽ / ʀ || ړ || c
|-
|-
| '''(98)''' || Ŗ ŗ || r̩ || رْ
| '''(98)''' || Ŗ ŗ || r̩ || رْ || m
|-
|-
| '''(99)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩ || ڒ࣪
| '''(99)''' || Ṛ ṛ || ɹ̩ || ڒ࣪ || m
|-
|-
| '''(100)''' || S s || s || س
| '''(100)''' || S s || s || س || c
|-
|-
| '''(101)''' || Sʰ sʰ || sʰ || ښ
| '''(101)''' || Sʰ sʰ || sʰ || ښ || c
|-
|-
| '''(102)''' || Ş ş || ʃ || ش
| '''(102)''' || Ş ş || ʃ || ش || c
|-
|-
| '''(103)''' || Şʰ şʰ || ʃʰ || ݜ
| '''(103)''' || Şʰ şʰ || ʃʰ || ݜ || c
|-
|-
| '''(104)''' || Ṣ ṣ || sˤ || ص
| '''(104)''' || Ṣ ṣ || sˤ || ص || c
|-
|-
| '''(105)''' || Ṡ ṡ || ʂ || سٚ
| '''(105)''' || Ṡ ṡ || ʂ || سٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(106)''' || Ŝ ŝ || ç || ݾ
| '''(106)''' || Ŝ ŝ || ç || ݾ || c
|-
|-
| '''(107)''' || Š š || ʃt͡ʃ. / .ʃt͡ʃ || ڛ
| '''(107)''' || Š š || ʃt͡ʃ. / .ʃt͡ʃ || ڛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(108)''' || T t || t || ت
| '''(108)''' || T t || t || ت || c
|-
|-
| '''(109)''' || Ť ť || tˑ (l) || تّ
| '''(109)''' || Ť ť || tˑ (l) || تّ || c
|-
|-
| '''(110)''' || Tʰ tʰ || tʰ || ٿ
| '''(110)''' || Tʰ tʰ || tʰ || ٿ || c
|-
|-
| '''(111)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ || ث
| '''(111)''' || Ṯ ṯ || θ || ث || c
|-
|-
| '''(112)''' || Ṭ ṭ || tˤ || ط
| '''(112)''' || Ṭ ṭ || tˤ || ط || c
|-
|-
| '''(113)''' || Ṫ ṫ || ʈ || ټ
| '''(113)''' || Ṫ ṫ || ʈ || ټ || c
|-
|-
| '''(114)''' || ᵀ ᵗ || h (fin) / - (fin, d) / t (med) || ة
| '''(114)''' || ᵀ ᵗ || h (fin) / - (fin, d) / t (med) || ة || c
|-
|-
| '''(115)''' || Ț ț || t͡ɕ || تٛ
| '''(115)''' || Ț ț || t͡ɕ || تٛ || c
|-
|-
| '''(116)''' || U u || u || و
| '''(116)''' || U u || u || و || v
|-
|-
| '''(117)''' || Û û || uˑ/ː || ۉ
| '''(117)''' || Û û || uˑ/ː || ۉ || v
|-
|-
| '''(118)''' || Ü ü || y/ˑ/ː || ۊ
| '''(118)''' || Ü ü || y/ˑ/ː || ۊ || v
|-
|-
| '''(119)''' || Ů ů || f (fin), v (med) || ࢫ
| '''(119)''' || Ů ů || f (fin), v (med) || ࢫ || c
|-
|-
| '''(120)''' || V v || v || ڤ
| '''(120)''' || V v || v || ڤ || c
|-
|-
| '''(121)''' || Vʰ vʰ || vʱ || ڤٚ
| '''(121)''' || Vʰ vʰ || vʱ || ڤٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(122)''' || W w || w || و
| '''(122)''' || W w || w || و || s
|-
|-
| '''(123)''' || Ŵ ŵ || ɸ || ۄ
| '''(123)''' || Ŵ ŵ || ɸ || ۄ || c
|-
|-
| '''(124)''' || Ẃ ẃ || ɯw || ڡ
| '''(124)''' || Ẃ ẃ || ɯw || ڡ || c
|-
|-
| '''(125)''' || Ẁ ẁ || ew || ڡٚ
| '''(125)''' || Ẁ ẁ || ew || ڡٚ || c
|-
|-
| '''(126)''' || Ẇ ẇ || v̩ || ڡٙ
| '''(126)''' || Ẇ ẇ || v̩ || ڡٙ || m
|-
|-
| '''(127)''' || Wu wu || wu || وُ
| '''(127)''' || Wu wu || wu || وُ || v
|-
|-
| '''(128)''' || ᵂ ʷ || ʷ || ڤْ
| '''(128)''' || ᵂ ʷ || ʷ || ٝ || c
|-
|-
| '''(129)''' || X x || x || خ
| '''(129)''' || X x || x || خ || c
|-
|-
| '''(130)''' || Ẍ ẍ || x (fin), ɣ (med) || غْ
| '''(130)''' || Ẍ ẍ || x (fin), ɣ (med) || غْ || c
|-
|-
| '''(131)''' || Ẋ ẋ || ks || ــٛٚـ
| '''(131)''' || Ẋ ẋ || ks || ــٛٚـ || c
|-
|-
| '''(132)''' || Y y || j || ی
| '''(132)''' || Y y || j || ی || s
|-
|-
| '''(133)''' || Yî yî || ji/ˑ || یِ
| '''(133)''' || Yî yî || ji/ˑ || یِ || v
|-
|-
| '''(134)''' || ʸ ʸ || ʲ || ِ
| '''(134)''' || ʸ ʸ || ʲ || ِ || c
|-
|-
| '''(135)''' || Z z || z || ز
| '''(135)''' || Z z || z || ز || c
|-
|-
| '''(136)''' || Zʰ zʰ || zʱ || ڗ
| '''(136)''' || Zʰ zʰ || zʱ || ڗ || c
|-
|-
| '''(137)''' || Ż ż || t͡s || ځ
| '''(137)''' || Ż ż || t͡s || ځ || c
|-
|-
| '''(138)''' || Ẓ ẓ || zˤ || ظ
| '''(138)''' || Ẓ ẓ || zˤ || ظ || c
|-
|-
| '''(139)''' || Ž ž || d͡z || څ
| '''(139)''' || Ž ž || d͡z || څ || c
|-
|-
| '''(140)''' || Ẑ ẑ || ʐ || ژࣺ
| '''(140)''' || Ẑ ẑ || ʐ || ژࣺ || c
|-
|-
| '''(141)''' || ʔ ɂ || ʔ || ئ
| '''(141)''' || ʔ ɂ || ʔ || ئ || c
|-
|-
| '''(142)''' || ʿ ʿ || ʕ || ع
| '''(142)''' || ʿ ʿ || ʕ || ع || c
|}
|}


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====Declension of Nouns====
====Declension of Nouns====


=====Ending with a consonant besides h, n and y=====
=====Ending with a semi- or consonant besides h, ǐ, ï and y=====


{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
Line 433: Line 434:
=====Ending with a vowel=====
=====Ending with a vowel=====


The vowels able to let a noun be declined like the following chart shows: ã, â, ẫ, ậ, ä, e, ẽ, ë, ī, ï, õ, ö, ø, ũ,  
The vowels able to let a noun be declined like the following chart shows: ã, â, ẫ, ậ, ä, e, ẽ, ë, ī, õ, ö, ø, ũ,  
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
! rowspan="3" align="center" | Entire Word
! rowspan="3" align="center" | Entire Word

Revision as of 12:18, 16 April 2020

Hawari
Ħāwārî / حەٙوەٙری
Pronunciation[[Help:IPA|[[[:Template:ˈħæ.wæˑ.riˑ]]]]]
Created byMansenBk
Native tono specific
Ethnicityno specific
Native speakers1 (2020)
Standard forms
Dialect
~15 dialects
Bāyrâẍa Ħāwārømân.png
The Hawari flag

Hawari, natively Ħāwārî (IPA: {IPA-en: hə'wʌɹɪ}, {IPA-hwar: ˈħæwæˑriˑ}), sometimes also spelled Hwari, is an a posteriori constructed auxillary language in the Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-European family. Speakers of the language are called Hawars. The total number of Hawari-speakers is 1.

Hawari belongs to the Hawaric Northwestern Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian branch.

Phonology and Orthography

Alphabets and Pronounciation

Alphabets Sound type
Latin IPA Arabic
(1) A a a ا v
(2) Ã ã ã اࣸ v
(3) Ȧ ȧ a / ɛ (f) ا࣪ v
(4) Å å a / - (f) ا࣫ v
(5) Â â ɑ/ˑ/ː اٚ v
(6) Ậ ậ ɔ اٚ࣪ v
(7) Ẫ ẫ ɔ̃ اࣷ v
(8) Ā ā æ/ˑ ەٙ v
(9) Ä ä æː ەٙٙ v
(10) Ă ă ɐ̯ اٛ s
(11) B b b ب c
(12) Bʰ bʰ bʱ ٻ c
(13) C c d͡ʒ ج c
(14) Cʰ cʰ d͡ʒʱ ڃ c
(15) Č č .ʃt / ʃt. ڄ c
(16) Ç ç t͡ʃ چ c
(17) Çʰ çʰ t͡ʃʰ ڇ c
(18) Ć ć .st / st. ڜ c
(19) D d d د c
(20) Dʰ dʰ dʱ ڌ c
(21) Ḓ ḓ dˑ دّ c
(22) Đ ð ð ذ c
(23) Ď ď d͡ð دٚ c
(24) Ḍ ḍ dˤ ڊ / ض c
(25) Ḋ ḋ ɖ ډ c
(26) Ḑ ḑ d͡ʑ دٛ c
(27) E e ɛ/ˑ/ː ە v
(28) Ė ė ɛ / - (f) ە࣪ v
(29) Ẽ ẽ ẽ ەࣷ v
(30) Ê ê e/ˑ/ː ێ v
(31) Ễ ễ ẽ یࣸ v
(32) Ë ë ɯ̃ ەࣸ v
(33) -eh ɛˑh / ɛj (f) / ɛt (f) ے i
(34) -êh eˑh / ej (f) / et (f) ےٛ i
(35) F f f ف c
(36) Fʰ fʰ fʰ فٚ c
(37) G g g گ c
(38) Gʰ gʰ gʱ گٛ c
(39) Ĝ ĝ ʁ̬ ڠ c
(40) Ǧ ǧ ɣ غ c
(41) Ģ ģ ɟ گٚ c
(42) H h h / j (f) / t (f) ھ i
(43) Hʰ hʰ ɦ ھٚ c
(44) Ḧ ḧ h ھْ c
(45) Ĥ ĥ χ̬ ھٛ c
(46) Ħ ħ ħ ح c
(47) I i ɯ/ˑ/ː ۀ v
(48) Į į ɯ / - (f) ۀٚ࣪ c
(49) Ǐ ǐ ɯ(ˑ)j ۀی s
(50) Î î i/ˑ ی v
(51) Ī ī iː یٙٙ v
(52) Ï ï ɪ(ˑ)j یٙ s
(53) Îy îy i(ˑ)j ؽ s
(54) J j ʒ ژ c
(55) Jʰ jʰ ʒʱ ڙ c
(56) ᴶ ʲ - ٖ c
(57) Ĵ ĵ ʑ ږ c
(58) K k k ک c
(59) Kʰ kʰ kʰ ڪ c
(60) Ǩ ǩ q͡x / k͡x (d) ڳ c
(61) Ķ ķ .ks / ks. ګ c
(62) Ḳ ḳ c کٚ c
(63) L l l ل c
(64) Lʰ lʰ lʰ ࢦ c
(65) Ĺ ĺ ɫ ڵ c
(66) Ł ł ʎ ݪ c
(67) Ļ ļ ɭ ڶ c
(68) Ḽ ḽ ɫ̩ / ɯ̆ɫ (d) ڵْ m
(69) Ľ ľ l̩ لْ m
(70) M m m م c
(71) Mʰ mʰ mʰ مٚ c
(72) Ḿ ḿ mʲ مِ c
(73) N n n ن c
(74) Nʰ nʰ nʱ ڹ c
(75) Ń ń ɲ ڼ c
(76) Ň ň ŋ ݩ c
(77) Ŋ ŋ ŋ (fin) / ŋg (int, med) ݩْ c
(78) Ṋ ṋ nˑ نّ c
(79) Ṇ ṇ ɴ نࣷ c
(80) Ṅ ṅ ɳ نࣸ c
(81) Ņ ņ n̩ نْ c
(82) O o o/ˑ ۆ v
(83) Ō ō oː ۆٙ v
(84) Ȯ ȯ o / - (f) ۆ࣪ v
(85) Õ õ õ وࣸ v
(86) Ô ô ɔw ۈ s
(87) Ö ö œ ۏ v
(88) Ø ø ø ۋ v
(89) Ǫ ǫ əʊ̯ وࣺ s
(90) P p p پ c
(91) Pʰ pʰ pʰ ڀ c
(92) Q q q ق c
(93) R r r ر c
(94) Rʰ rʰ ɾʰ رٛ c
(95) Ř ř ɹ ڒ c
(96) Řʰ řʰ ɹʱ رࣸ c
(97) Ŕ ŕ ɽ / ʀ ړ c
(98) Ŗ ŗ r̩ رْ m
(99) Ṛ ṛ ɹ̩ ڒ࣪ m
(100) S s s س c
(101) Sʰ sʰ sʰ ښ c
(102) Ş ş ʃ ش c
(103) Şʰ şʰ ʃʰ ݜ c
(104) Ṣ ṣ sˤ ص c
(105) Ṡ ṡ ʂ سٚ c
(106) Ŝ ŝ ç ݾ c
(107) Š š ʃt͡ʃ. / .ʃt͡ʃ ڛ c
(108) T t t ت c
(109) Ť ť tˑ (l) تّ c
(110) Tʰ tʰ tʰ ٿ c
(111) Ṯ ṯ θ ث c
(112) Ṭ ṭ tˤ ط c
(113) Ṫ ṫ ʈ ټ c
(114) ᵀ ᵗ h (fin) / - (fin, d) / t (med) ة c
(115) Ț ț t͡ɕ تٛ c
(116) U u u و v
(117) Û û uˑ/ː ۉ v
(118) Ü ü y/ˑ/ː ۊ v
(119) Ů ů f (fin), v (med) ࢫ c
(120) V v v ڤ c
(121) Vʰ vʰ vʱ ڤٚ c
(122) W w w و s
(123) Ŵ ŵ ɸ ۄ c
(124) Ẃ ẃ ɯw ڡ c
(125) Ẁ ẁ ew ڡٚ c
(126) Ẇ ẇ v̩ ڡٙ m
(127) Wu wu wu وُ v
(128) ᵂ ʷ ʷ ٝ c
(129) X x x خ c
(130) Ẍ ẍ x (fin), ɣ (med) غْ c
(131) Ẋ ẋ ks ــٛٚـ c
(132) Y y j ی s
(133) Yî yî ji/ˑ یِ v
(134) ʸ ʸ ʲ ِ c
(135) Z z z ز c
(136) Zʰ zʰ zʱ ڗ c
(137) Ż ż t͡s ځ c
(138) Ẓ ẓ zˤ ظ c
(139) Ž ž d͡z څ c
(140) Ẑ ẑ ʐ ژࣺ c
(141) ʔ ɂ ʔ ئ c
(142) ʿ ʿ ʕ ع c

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns

Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Masc. Fem. Neutr. Impers. Plur. Polite.
(English) I you (sing.) he she it you (impers.) we you (plur.) you (pol.) they
Nominative āz
ئەٙز		 tû
تۉ		 ew
ئەو		 we
وە		 to
تۆ		 ûn
ئۉن		 em
ئەم		 şomâ
شۆماٚ		 hûn
ھۉن		 unhâ
ئونھاٚ
Dative minêh
مۀنےٛ		 tebîʲ
تەبیٖ		 êwār
ئێوەٙر		 îwār
ئیوەٙر		 tiwār
تۀوەٙر		 ûnêh
ئۉنےٛ		 emêh
ئەمےٛ		 şomâyêh
شۆماٚیےٛ		 hinêh
ھۀنےٛ		 unhâyêh
ئۉنھاٚیےٛ
Accusative minu
مۀنو		 tā
تەٙ		 êwān
ئێوەٙن		 îwān
ئیوەٙن		 tʷān
تٝەٙن		 ûnu
ئۉنو		 emu
ئەمو		 şomâyu
شۆماٚیو		 hinâ
ھۀناٚ		 unhâyu
ئونھاٚیو
Possessive min
مۀن		 tvậy
تڤاٚ࣪ی		 ewîn
ئەوین		 îwîn
ئیوین		 tiwîn
تۀوین		 ńegov
ڼەگۆڤ		 mâ
ماٚ		 şimîn
شۀمین		 hûnem
ھۉنەم		 ńîĥov
ڼیھٛۆڤ

Nouns

Declension of Nouns

Ending with a semi- or consonant besides h, ǐ, ï and y
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-		 -a
ا-		 -ê
ێ-		 -ân
اٚن-		 -âno
اٚنۆ-		 -âna
اٚنا-		 -ânê
اٚنێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-		 -êyo
ێیۆ-		 -êya
ێیا-		 -êyê
ێیێ-		 -ânêh
اٚنےٛ-		 -ânêyo
اٚنێیۆ-		 -ânêya
اٚنێیا-		 -ânêyê
اٚنێیێ-
Accusative -u
و-		 -uyo
ویۆ-		 -uya
ویا-		 -uyê
ویێ-		 -ânu
اٚنو-		 -ânuyo
اٚنویۆ-		 -anuya
اٚنویا-		 -ânuyê
اٚنویێ-
(((Stem)))
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative
Dative
Accusative
Ending with an n
Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -o
ۆ-		 -a
ا-		 -ê
ێ-		 -hâ
ھاٚ-		 -hâyo
ھاٚیۆ-		 -hâya
ھاٚیا-		 -hâyê
ھاٚیێ-
Dative -êh
ےٛ-		 -êyo
ێیۆ-		 -êya
ێیا-		 -êyê
ێیێ-		 -hâyêh
ھاٚیےٛ-		 -hâyêto
ھاٚیێتۆ-		 -hâyêta
ھاٚیێتا-		 -hâyêtê
ھاٚیێتێ-
Accusative -u
و-		 -uyo
ویۆ-		 -uya
ویا-		 -uyê
ویێ-		 -hâyu
ھاٚیو-		 -hâyuto
ھاٚیوتۆ-		 -hâyuta
ھاٚیوتا-		 -hâyutê
ھاٚیوتێ-
Ending with a vowel

The vowels able to let a noun be declined like the following chart shows: ã, â, ẫ, ậ, ä, e, ẽ, ë, ī, õ, ö, ø, ũ,

Entire Word
Singular Plural
Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3 Normal Pos1 Pos2 Pos3
Nominative - -yo
ۆ-		 -ya
ا-		 -yê
یێ-		 -yân
یاٚن-		 -yâno
یاٚنۆ-		 -yâna
یاٚنا-		 -yânê
یاٚنێ-
Dative -yêh
یےٛ-		 -yêto
یێتۆ-		 -yêta
یێتا-		 -yêtê
یێتێ-		 -yânêh
یاٚنےٛ-		 -yânêyo
یاٚنێیۆ-		 -yânêya
یاٚنێیا-		 -yânêyê
یاٚنێیێ-
Accusative -yu
یو-		 -yuto
یوتۆ-		 -yuta
یوتا-		 -yutê
یوتێ-		 -yânu
یاٚنو-		 -yânuyo
یاٚنویۆ-		 -yanuya
یاٚنویا-		 -yânuyê
یاٚنویێ-

This page is under construction, as of April 2020.

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