Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions

Line 136:

|

| '''ı''' /j/

| '''j''' /j/

|

Line 274:

===Phonotactics===

The maximal syllable structure is ~~CCCıVCC~~, where V is any vowel or diphthong, and the second consonant in the complex coda must be an obstruent. /h/ is disallowed to occur in coda; radicals are prohibited word-finally. Up to ~~CCCı~~ medial clusters are permitted.

The maximal syllable structure is CCCjVCC, where V is any vowel or diphthong, and the second consonant in the complex coda must be an obstruent. /h/ is disallowed to occur in coda; radicals are prohibited word-finally. Up to CCCj medial clusters are permitted.

Permitted initial CC- clusters:

Line 290:

Permitted -CC clusters:

*Any geminate excepting ''vv'', ''ıı'', ''qq'', ''ħħ'', ''hh''

*Any geminate excepting ''vv'', ''jj'', ''qq'', ''ħħ'', ''hh''

*{m, n, l, r, v} + {any coronal obstruent}

*{n, l, r} + {any non-radical, non-labial obstruent}

Line 314:

*coronal obstruent + sibilanti > sibilantisibilanti

*CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}

**~~Cyı~~{C, #} > Ci{C, #}

**Cyj{C, #} > Ci{C, #}

*CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C

*''ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''

*''jy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''

*''z'' > ''r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]

*''h'' > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]

Line 398:

| /ʋʸ/|| /w/, /ʍ/ || /f~v/ || /v/ || /w/

|-

! '''ı'''

! '''j'''

| /j/ || /j/, /ɧ/ || /j/ || /j/ || /j/

|-

Line 411:

The standardized Themsaran alphabet is a native alphabetic script, with thirty letters in addition to diacritics for vowel length and tones.

R, D, Z, Ł, İ, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U

R, D, Z, Ł, I, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U

==Parts of speech==

Line 490:

====First declension====

:''See also [[User:Ílchőfti Lēmáthīd/Themsaran/Nominal subparadigms|tables for declension subparadigms]].''

The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''y'' to break up forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''- and ''q''- stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-''/''-aq'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. (Some nouns ending in ''-ng'' are underlyingly (and alternate with) ''nħ-'' or ''nq-'' stems.) The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The ı-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-ı'' before one beginning with a vowel.

The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''y'' to break up forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''- and ''q''- stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-''/''-aq'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. (Some nouns ending in ''-ng'' are underlyingly (and alternate with) ''nħ-'' or ''nq-'' stems.) The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The j-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-j'' before one beginning with a vowel.

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 650px; text-align: center;"

|-

Line 1,451:

|-

!|Adnominal

|rowspan=2|''ıé'' (who); ''~~ıī́~~'' (fem., rare); ''~~ıán~~'' (what)

|rowspan=2|''jé'' (who); ''jī́'' (fem., rare); ''ján'' (what)

|''mé''

|''ħé''

|''ŧá''

|''navé''

|rowspan="2"|''~~ıaıért~~;'' ''la [...] ıé'', ''la [...] ~~ıán~~''

|rowspan="2"|''jajért;'' ''la [...] jé'', ''la [...] ján''

|''rṓg'', ''bást'' (adjective)

|rowspan=2|''thivé''

Line 1,468:

|-

!|Place

|''~~ıách~~''

|''jách''

|''mách*; dáte*''

|''ħách''

|''ŧách''

|''~~smárıán~~''

|''smárján''

|''la ~~ıách~~''

|''la jách''

|''smárbást''

|''smárthivé''

|-

!|Origin

|''~~gleıách~~;'' ''glḗm;'' ''~~ıáchēn~~''

|''glejách;'' ''glḗm;'' ''jáchēn''

|''glemách/máchēn*; gledát/dátēn*''

|''gleħách;'' ''ħáchēn''

|''gleŧách;'' ''ŧáchēn''

|''gle ~~smárıán~~''

|''gle smárján''

|''gle la ~~ıách~~''

|''gle la jách''

|''gle smárbást''

|''glé smárthivé''

|-

!|Destination

|''~~vóıách~~;'' ''~~ıáchást~~''

|''vójách;'' ''jáchást''

|''vómách/máchást*; vódát/dátást*''

|''vóħách;'' ''ħáchást''

|''vóŧách;'' ''ŧáchást''

|''vó ~~smárıán~~''

|''vó smárján''

|''vo la ~~ıách~~''

|''vo la jách''

|''vo smárbást''

|''vó smárthivé''

|-

!|Time

|''~~ıápse~~'', ''~~ıéma~~''

|''jápse'', ''jéma''

|''gáma''

|colspan= '2'|''sónēŧ''

Line 1,507:

|-

!|Quantity/Extent

|''~~ıávōth~~''

|''jávōth''

|''mévōth''

|''ħévōth''

Line 1,517:

|-

!|Manner/Quality

|''~~ıḗr~~''

|''jḗr''

|''mḗr''

|''ħḗr''

|''ŧḗr''

|''~~giemıḗr~~''

|''giemjḗr''

|''la ~~ıḗr~~''

|''la jḗr''

|''rṓcthīl''

|''-''

|-

!|Cause

|''~~ıḗn~~''

|''jḗn''

|''mḗn''

|''ħḗn''

Line 1,537:

|-

!|Purpose

|''~~ıást~~'', ''~~ıergái~~''

|''jást'', ''jergái''

|''mést''

|''ħést''

Line 1,586:

*assimilates to labials ''p b f m''

*mutates to ''ynt-'' before a stem beginning with a vowel, liquid, ''ı'' or ''v''

*mutates to ''ynt-'' before a stem beginning with a vowel, liquid, ''j'' or ''v''

*mutates to ''ynth-'' before a stem beginning with ''h''.

Line 1,617:

:''the word to say/the word that should be said''

* to express a question of what should be done.

:'''''~~Iḗr~~ vamenavái?'''''

:'''''Jḗr vamenavái?'''''

:how advocate-PASS-JUSS.1SG

:''How am I to defend myself?''

Line 2,030:

|''-tið''

|''-yth''

|''-(ı)ār''

|''-(j)ār''

|''-(ı)air''

|''-(j)air''

|''-ŧār''

|''-ŧair''

Line 2,170:

!|With infintive/supine

|-

|''āC'' (C omitted if pharyngeal or ''ı'')

|''āC'' (C omitted if pharyngeal or ''j'')

|with (comitative)

|when (imperfective aspect)

Line 2,334:

|''laiŧṓr''

|''laiŧȳ́r''

|''~~laıám~~''

|''lajám''

|''láint''

|''láis''

Line 2,389:

|-

|?

|''~~ıîes~~''

|''jîes''

|''~~ıínáth~~''

|''jínáth''

|''~~ıíster~~''

|''jíster''

|''~~ıíssle~~''

|''jíssle''

|''~~ıissínde~~''

|''jissínde''

|''~~ıíníeð~~''

|''jíníeð''

|

|-

Line 2,867:

{{gloss

|phrase = vá yntarpsýn slá ~~ra̋~~ ŧî

|phrase = vá yntarpsýn slá rū́ ŧî

|IPA=/vá ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ ~~ráːt͡ʃíꜜiː~~/

|IPA=/vá ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ rúː t͡ʃíꜜiː/

|morphemes = vá ynt-arb-s-n/ slá ~~rā ŧî~~

|morphemes = vá ynt-arb-s-n/ slá rū́ ŧī́

|gloss = 3SG.M PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>1SG more.ADV than 4SG.F

|translation=He taught me more than she did.}}

{{gloss

|phrase = ná yntarpsýn slá ~~ra̋ ŧî~~

|phrase = ná yntarpsýn slá rū́ ŧī́

|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ ~~ráːt͡ʃiꜜiː~~/

|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ rúː t͡ʃiꜜiː/

|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ slá ~~rā ðî~~

|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ slá rū́ ŧī́

|gloss = 1SG PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>INV.SG.M more.ADV than 4SG.F

|translation=He taught me more than he did her.}}

Line 2,883:

{{gloss

|phrase = ná yntarpsýn vá slá ~~ra̋ ŧî~~

|phrase = ná yntarpsýn vá slá rū́ ŧī́

|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ váꜜ sláꜜ ~~ráːt͡ʃiꜜiː~~/

|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ váꜜ sláꜜ rūː t͡ʃiꜜiː/

|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ vá slá ~~rā ŧî~~

|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ vá slá rū́ ŧī́

|gloss = 1SG PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>1SG 3SG.M more.ADV than 4SG.F

|translation=It is I whom he taught more than she did.}}

Line 2,912:

====Modal adjectives====

*''lāmérsa'': "it is sufficient to..."

*''~~ıalúna~~'': "advisable".

*''jalúna'': "advisable".

*''ēdámmeta'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.

*''thvúrmeta'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".

@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 |
 |
-| '''ı''' /j/
+| '''j''' /j/
 |
 |
@@ Line 274: / Line 274: @@
 ===Phonotactics===
-The maximal syllable structure is CCCıVCC, where V is any vowel or diphthong, and the second consonant in the complex coda must be an obstruent. /h/ is disallowed to occur in coda; radicals are prohibited word-finally. Up to CCCı medial clusters are permitted.
+The maximal syllable structure is CCCjVCC, where V is any vowel or diphthong, and the second consonant in the complex coda must be an obstruent. /h/ is disallowed to occur in coda; radicals are prohibited word-finally. Up to CCCj medial clusters are permitted.
 Permitted initial CC- clusters:
@@ Line 290: / Line 290: @@
 Permitted -CC clusters:
-*Any geminate excepting ''vv'', ''ıı'', ''qq'', ''ħħ'', ''hh''
+*Any geminate excepting ''vv'', ''jj'', ''qq'', ''ħħ'', ''hh''
 *{m, n, l, r, v} + {any coronal obstruent}
 *{n, l, r} + {any non-radical, non-labial obstruent}
@@ Line 314: / Line 314: @@
 *coronal obstruent + sibilant<sub>i</sub> > sibilant<sub>i</sub>sibilant<sub>i</sub>
 *CC[+resonant]{C, #} > CyC[+resonant]{C, #}
-**Cyı{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
+**Cyj{C, #} > Ci{C, #}
 *CC[-resonant]C > CiC[-resonant]C
-*''ıy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
+*''jy[ː]'' > ''i[ː]''
 *''z'' > ''r'' / V_C[-semivowel, +voiced, ~{/z/}]
 *''h''  > [ː~] / _C[+fricative]
@@ Line 398: / Line 398: @@
 | /ʋʸ/|| /w/, /ʍ/ || /f~v/ || /v/ || /w/
 |-
-! '''ı'''
+! '''j'''
 | /j/  || /j/, /ɧ/ || /j/ || /j/ || /j/
 |-
@@ Line 411: / Line 411: @@
 The standardized Themsaran alphabet is a native alphabetic script, with thirty letters in addition to diacritics for vowel length and tones.
-R, D, Z, Ł, İ, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U
+R, D, Z, Ł, I, A, Ħ, F, M, L, G, C, H, B, S, V, O, I, Q, Ð, Y, CH, T, Ŧ, N, TH, P, E, U
 ==Parts of speech==
@@ Line 490: / Line 490: @@
 ====First declension====
 :''See also [[User:Ílchőfti Lēmáthīd/Themsaran/Nominal subparadigms|tables for declension subparadigms]].''
-The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''y'' to break up forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''- and ''q''- stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-''/''-aq'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. (Some nouns ending in ''-ng'' are underlyingly (and alternate with) ''nħ-'' or ''nq-'' stems.) The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The ı-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-ı'' before one beginning with a vowel.
+The first declension consists primarily of masculine nouns. Nouns ending in a consonant may contain an epenthetic ''y'' to break up forbidden consonant clusters, particularly those ending in resonants. The ''ħ''- and ''q''- stem nouns always end in ''-ā'', and this mutates to ''-aħ-''/''-aq'' before a ending beginning with a vowel, and exhibits the form ''-aC-'' before an ending beginning with any consonant. (Some nouns ending in ''-ng'' are underlyingly (and alternate with) ''nħ-'' or ''nq-'' stems.) The ''h''-stems have a long vowel ending by default, which shortens in front of a consonant ending, along with gemination of any fricative-onset endings. The j-stem nouns, ending in ''-i'', display the ''-i'' before a possessive suffix beginning with a consonant, and a ''-j'' before one beginning with a vowel.
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg  " style="width: 650px; text-align: center;"
 |-
@@ Line 1,451: / Line 1,451: @@
 |-
 !|Adnominal
-|rowspan=2|''ıé'' (who);<br/>''ıī́'' (fem., rare);<br/>''ıán'' (what)
+|rowspan=2|''jé'' (who);<br/>''jī́'' (fem., rare);<br/>''ján'' (what)
 |''mé''
 |''ħé''
 |''ŧá''
 |''navé''
-|rowspan="2"|''ıaıért;'' ''la [...] ıé'', ''la [...] ıán''
+|rowspan="2"|''jajért;'' ''la [...] jé'', ''la [...] ján''
 |''rṓg'', ''bást'' (adjective)
 |rowspan=2|''thivé''
@@ Line 1,468: / Line 1,468: @@
 |-
 !|Place
-|''ıách''
+|''jách''
 |''mách*; dáte*''
 |''ħách''
 |''ŧách''
-|''smárıán''
+|''smárján''
-|''la ıách''
+|''la jách''
 |''smárbást''
 |''smárthivé''
 |-
 !|Origin
-|''gleıách;'' ''glḗm;'' ''ıáchēn''
+|''glejách;'' ''glḗm;'' ''jáchēn''
 |''glemách/máchēn*; gledát/dátēn*''
 |''gleħách;'' ''ħáchēn''
 |''gleŧách;'' ''ŧáchēn''
-|''gle smárıán''
+|''gle smárján''
-|''gle la ıách''
+|''gle la jách''
 |''gle smárbást''
 |''glé smárthivé''
 |-
 !|Destination
-|''vóıách;'' ''ıáchást''
+|''vójách;'' ''jáchást''
 |''vómách/máchást*; vódát/dátást*''
 |''vóħách;'' ''ħáchást''
 |''vóŧách;'' ''ŧáchást''
-|''vó smárıán''
+|''vó smárján''
-|''vo la ıách''
+|''vo la jách''
 |''vo smárbást''
 |''vó smárthivé''
 |-
 !|Time
-|''ıápse'', ''ıéma''
+|''jápse'', ''jéma''
 |''gáma''
 |colspan= '2'|''sónēŧ''
@@ Line 1,507: / Line 1,507: @@
 |-
 !|Quantity/Extent
-|''ıávōth''
+|''jávōth''
 |''mévōth''
 |''ħévōth''
@@ Line 1,517: / Line 1,517: @@
 |-
 !|Manner/Quality
-|''ıḗr''
+|''jḗr''
 |''mḗr''
 |''ħḗr''
 |''ŧḗr''
-|''giemıḗr''
+|''giemjḗr''
-|''la ıḗr''
+|''la jḗr''
 |''rṓcthīl''
 |''-''
 |-
 !|Cause
-|''ıḗn''
+|''jḗn''
 |''mḗn''
 |''ħḗn''
@@ Line 1,537: / Line 1,537: @@
 |-
 !|Purpose
-|''ıást'', ''ıergái''
+|''jást'', ''jergái''
 |''mést''
 |''ħést''
@@ Line 1,586: / Line 1,586: @@
 *assimilates to labials ''p b f m''
-*mutates to ''ynt-'' before a stem beginning with a vowel, liquid, ''ı'' or ''v''
+*mutates to ''ynt-'' before a stem beginning with a vowel, liquid, ''j'' or ''v''
 *mutates to ''ynth-'' before a stem beginning with ''h''.
@@ Line 1,617: / Line 1,617: @@
 :''the word to say/the word that should be said''
 * to express a question of what should be done.
-:'''''Iḗr vamenavái?'''''
+:'''''Jḗr vamenavái?'''''
 :<small>how advocate-PASS-JUSS.1SG</small>
 :''How am I to defend myself?''
@@ Line 2,030: / Line 2,030: @@
 |''-tið''
 |''-yth''
-|''-(ı)ār''
+|''-(j)ār''
-|''-(ı)air''
+|''-(j)air''
 |''-ŧār''
 |''-ŧair''
@@ Line 2,170: / Line 2,170: @@
 !|With infintive/supine
 |-
-|''āC'' (C omitted if pharyngeal or ''ı'')
+|''āC'' (C omitted if pharyngeal or ''j'')
 |with (comitative)
 |when (imperfective aspect)
@@ Line 2,334: / Line 2,334: @@
 |''laiŧṓr''
 |''laiŧȳ́r''
-|''laıám''
+|''lajám''
 |''láint''
 |''láis''
@@ Line 2,389: / Line 2,389: @@
 |-
 |?
-|''ıîes''
+|''jîes''
-|''ıínáth''
+|''jínáth''
-|''ıíster''
+|''jíster''
-|''ıíssle''
+|''jíssle''
-|''ıissínde''
+|''jissínde''
-|''ıíníeð''
+|''jíníeð''
 |
 |-
@@ Line 2,867: / Line 2,867: @@
 {{gloss
-|phrase = vá yntarpsýn slá ra̋ ŧî
+|phrase = vá yntarpsýn slá rū́ ŧî
-|IPA=/vá ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ ráːt͡ʃíꜜiː/
+|IPA=/vá ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ rúː t͡ʃíꜜiː/
-|morphemes = vá ynt-arb-s-n/ slá rā ŧî
+|morphemes = vá ynt-arb-s-n/ slá rū́ ŧī́
 |gloss = 3SG.M PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>1SG more.ADV than 4SG.F
 |translation=He taught me more than she did.}}
 {{gloss
-|phrase = ná yntarpsýn slá ra̋ ŧî
+|phrase = ná yntarpsýn slá rū́ ŧī́
-|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ ráːt͡ʃiꜜiː/
+|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ sláꜜ rúː t͡ʃiꜜiː/
-|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ slá rā ðî
+|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ slá rū́ ŧī́
 |gloss = 1SG PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>INV.SG.M more.ADV than 4SG.F
 |translation=He taught me more than he did her.}}
@@ Line 2,883: / Line 2,883: @@
 {{gloss
-|phrase = ná yntarpsýn vá slá ra̋ ŧî
+|phrase = ná yntarpsýn vá slá rū́ ŧī́
-|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ váꜜ sláꜜ ráːt͡ʃiꜜiː/
+|IPA=/náː ʉntàrpsʉnꜜ váꜜ sláꜜ rūː t͡ʃiꜜiː/
-|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ vá slá rā ŧî
+|morphemes = ná ynt-arb-´s-n/ vá slá rū́ ŧī́
 |gloss = 1SG PAST.IPFV-teach/PAST.IPFV.3/4SG.M>1SG 3SG.M more.ADV than 4SG.F
 |translation=It is I whom he taught more than she did.}}
@@ Line 2,912: / Line 2,912: @@
 ====Modal adjectives====
 *''lāmérsa'': "it is sufficient to..."
-*''ıalúna'': "advisable".
+*''jalúna'': "advisable".
 *''ēdámmeta'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.
 *''thvúrmeta'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".