Niemish: Difference between revisions

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|setting =  
|setting =  
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[Germanic_languages|Germanic]]
|fam2 = [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]]
|fam3 = [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic]]
|fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]]
|fam4 = [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]]
|fam5 = [[Post-Gothic]]
|fam5 = [[Post-Gothic]]
Line 35: Line 35:
==Scripts==
==Scripts==


===Alphabet and Pronunciation===
===Alphabet===
The Niemish alphabet consists of 33 letters.
The Niemish alphabet consists of 33 letters.
{| class="wikitable" style= "border: none; background: none;"
|
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+Niemish alphabet
!'''Majuscule'''
! colspan="33" |'''Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)'''
!'''Minuscule'''
!'''[[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]'''
|-
|-
|A
|A||a||/a~aː/
|Ą
|Ä
|Ą̈
|B
|C*
|D
|E
|Ę
|F
|G
|H
|I
|Į
|J
|K
|L
|M
|N
|O
|Ǫ
|(Q)
|P
|R
|S
|T
|U
|Ų
|(V)
|W
|X
|Y
|Z
|-
|-
! colspan="33" |'''Minuscule forms (also called lowercase)'''
|Ą||ą||/ã~ãː/
|-
|-
|a
|Ä||ä||/ɛ~eː/
|ą
|ä
|ą̈
|b
|c*
|d
|e
|ę
|f
|g
|h
|i
|į
|j
|k
|l
|m
|n
|o
|ǫ
|(q)
|p
|r
|s
|t
|u
|ų
|(v)
|w
|x
|y
|z
|-
|-
! colspan="33" |IPA values
|Ą̈||ą̈||/ɛ̃~ẽː/
|-
|-
|/a~aː/
|B||b||/b~bʲ/
|/ã~ãː/
|-
|/ɛ~eː/
|C||c||/k~ʦʲ/
|/ɛ̃~ẽː/
|-
|/b~bʲ/
|D||d||/d~dʲ/
|/k/ʦʲ/
|-
|/d~dʲ/
|E||e||/ɛ~eː/
|/ɛ~eː/
|-
|/ɛ̃~ẽː/
|Ę||ę||/ɛ̃~ẽː/
|/f~fʲ/
|-
|/g~gʲ/
|F||f||/f~fʲ/
|/h/
|-
|/ɪ~iː/
|G||g||/g~gʲ/
|/ɪ̃~ĩː/
|/j/
|/k~kʲ/
|/l~lʲ/
|/m~mʲ/
|/n~nʲ/
|/ɔ~oː/
|/ɔ̃~õː/
|/kw~kʲvʲ/
|/p~pʲ/
|/ɾ~ɾʲ/
|/s~sʲ/
|/t~tʲ/
|/ʊ~uː/
|/ʊ̃~ũː/
|/v~vʲ/
|/w~vʲ/
|/ks/
|/ɨ~ɨː/
|/z~zʲ/
|}
|}
The acute and grave accent can respectively mark stressed short vowels and stressed long vowels (or diphthongs). However, these are generally not used except in dictionaries for clarity. In addition, Niemish orthography uses five digraphs ⟨Ch, Cz, Ph, Sz, Th⟩ and two trigraphs ⟨Dsz, Zsz⟩; these function as sequences of two or three letters for collation purposes. The letters ⟨C⟩ (outside the digraphs ⟨Ch, Cz⟩), ⟨Q⟩ and ⟨V⟩ (and the non-palatalised phonetic value of ⟨V⟩) only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩.
|
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!'''Majuscule'''
!'''Minuscule'''
!'''[[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]'''
|-
|H||h||/h/
|-
|I||i||/ɪ~iː/
|-
|Į||į||/ɪ̃~ĩː/
|-
|J||j||/j/
|-
|K||k||/k~kʲ/
|-
|L||l||/l~lʲ/
|-
|M||m||/m~mʲ/
|-
|N||n||/n~nʲ/
|-
|O||o||/o~oː/
|-
|Ǫ||ǫ||/ɔ̃~õː/
|-
|P||p||/p~pʲ/
|}
|
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!'''Majuscule'''
!'''Minuscule'''
!'''[[w:International_Phonetic_Alphabet|IPA]]'''
|-
|(Q)||(q)||/k~kʲ/
|-
|R||r||/ɾ~ɾʲ/
|-
|S||s||/s~sʲ/
|-
|T||t||/t~tʲ/
|-
|U||u||/ʊ~uː/
|-
|Ų||ų||/ʊ̃~ũ/
|-
|(V)||(v)||/v~vʲ/
|-
|W||w||/w~vʲ/
|-
|X||x||/ks~kʲsʲ/
|-
|Y||y||/ɪ̈~ɨː/
|-
|Z||z||/z~zʲ/
|}
|}
The acute and grave accent can respectively mark stressed long vowels (or diphthongs) and stressed short vowels. These are generally not used except in dictionaries for clarity.
 
In addition, Niemish orthography uses six digraphs:
⟨Ch, Cz, Ph, Sz, Th, Tz⟩
and two trigraphs:⟨Dsz, Zsz⟩
These function as sequences of two or three letters for collation purposes.
 
Outside digraphs, the letters ⟨C, Q, V⟩ only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩.
 
===Phonology===
 
===Orthography===
===Orthography===


===Cyrillic script===
===Cyrillic script===

Revision as of 12:14, 31 January 2021

Niemish
Nimsk
Pronunciation[/nʲimsk/]
Created byUser:Tardigrade
Date2015
Official status
Official language in
Niemgard
Language codes
ISO 639-3qnm
BRCLgrey
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Niemish (Nimsk) is an East Germanic language descended from Gothic, the oldest Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from Proto-Slavic *němĭcĭ, an exonym given by speakers of Slavic languages to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the Balkan sprachbund, having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as Turkish, Hungarian, Greek, Latin and Romance languages.

Scripts

Alphabet

The Niemish alphabet consists of 33 letters.

Majuscule Minuscule IPA
A a /a~aː/
Ą ą /ã~ãː/
Ä ä /ɛ~eː/
Ą̈ ą̈ /ɛ̃~ẽː/
B b /b~bʲ/
C c /k~ʦʲ/
D d /d~dʲ/
E e /ɛ~eː/
Ę ę /ɛ̃~ẽː/
F f /f~fʲ/
G g /g~gʲ/
Majuscule Minuscule IPA
H h /h/
I i /ɪ~iː/
Į į /ɪ̃~ĩː/
J j /j/
K k /k~kʲ/
L l /l~lʲ/
M m /m~mʲ/
N n /n~nʲ/
O o /o~oː/
Ǫ ǫ /ɔ̃~õː/
P p /p~pʲ/
Majuscule Minuscule IPA
(Q) (q) /k~kʲ/
R r /ɾ~ɾʲ/
S s /s~sʲ/
T t /t~tʲ/
U u /ʊ~uː/
Ų ų /ʊ̃~ũ/
(V) (v) /v~vʲ/
W w /w~vʲ/
X x /ks~kʲsʲ/
Y y /ɪ̈~ɨː/
Z z /z~zʲ/

The acute and grave accent can respectively mark stressed long vowels (or diphthongs) and stressed short vowels. These are generally not used except in dictionaries for clarity.

In addition, Niemish orthography uses six digraphs: ⟨Ch, Cz, Ph, Sz, Th, Tz⟩ and two trigraphs:⟨Dsz, Zsz⟩ These function as sequences of two or three letters for collation purposes.

Outside digraphs, the letters ⟨C, Q, V⟩ only appear in loanwords, as do the digraphs ⟨Ph, Th⟩ and the trigraph ⟨Dsz⟩.

Phonology

Orthography

Cyrillic script

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