Ašča: Difference between revisions
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====Strong verbs==== | ====Strong verbs==== | ||
====Irregular verbs==== | ====Irregular verbs==== | ||
είναι ''ine'' 'to be' | |||
*Infinitive: | *Infinitive: είναι ''ine'' | ||
*Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jest, smie, sťe, iš'' | *Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ ''im, ir, jest, smie, sťe, iš'' | ||
**'Negative forms: | **'Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούκεστ, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ ''účim, účir, účest, ušmié, ušťé, účiš'' | ||
*Subjunctive: | *Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ ''íjo, íjar, íja, íjam, íjať, íjaš'' | ||
*Past: | *Past: ήκα, ήκαρ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ ''jáka, jákast, jač, jákam, jákať, jákaš'' | ||
*Participle: | *Participle: είωτα, είουρα ''íjota, íjura'' | ||
===Numerals (Αριθμοί ''Ařthmý'') === | ===Numerals (Αριθμοί ''Ařthmý'') === | ||
Revision as of 18:56, 20 March 2021
Modern Attic (Ασκη γλασατι Ašča glasať /aʃtʃa glasac/ 'the Attic language' or Aščať 'the Attic one') is a Hellenic language aesthetically inspired by Slavic languages and Romani.
Todo
Jatřé, ťherápľuthi cičháť su = Physician, heal thyself
Khierieť holy, onmatot mu jesť Inthar. Dza in Phieladielphji kie spudadza mathьmatčať.
Use a version of ruki (just "rui")
Homlia pi agapiať kie miesot. 'I speak of love and hate.'
Khierь! (2sg)/Khierieť! (2pl) = 'Hello!'
Jukharstia! = 'Thank you!'
Sioniamie = 'Sorry.'
Ar homlias in.../Ar homliať in... = 'Do you speak...'
Ukhomlia in atkat. = 'I don't speak Atkat.'
Agapawa sie. = 'I love you.'
Phonology (Φθογγολογια Phthongolodža)
Stress
Stress is always penultimate.
Morphology (Μορφολογια Morpholodža)
Different declensions from AG accent? -or < -ós, -0 < -os
Pronouns (Διαονυμε Žaonimie)
Personal (Προσαπκε διαονυμε Prosapče žaonimie)
| case | 1sg. | 2sg. | 3sg. | 1pl. | 2pl. | 3pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m. | f. | m. | f. | |||||
| nom. | γα ga | συ si | κειν čin | κείνη čínia | ξαμ šam | ξατι šať | κείνοι číny | κείναι čine |
| gen. | μου mu | σου su | κείνου čínu | κείνηι čínie | ξαμώ šamó | ξατιώ šaťó | κείνω číno | κείνιω čínio |
| acc. | με mie | σε sie | τουτ tut | τούτη tútia | ξάμοτ šámot | ξάτετ šaťet | τούτοι túty | τούται túte |
Nouns (Ουσιαστκοί Usiastký)
Feminine declension
| μάχη máčha - war | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | μάχη máčha | μάχητι máčhať | μάχηι máčhe | μάχηιτ máčhet |
| Genitive | μάχει máčhi | μάχειτηι máčhiťe | μάχιω máčho | μάχιωτω máčhoto |
Possessive forms (implied to be definite):
- nom. sg.: máčhamu, máčhasu, máčhatu, máčhamo, máčhaťo, máčhano 'my war (nom), thy war (nom), ...'
- gen. sg.: máčhimu, máčhisu, etc.
| τσυχή cičhá - self | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | τσυχή cičhá | τσυχήτι cičháť | τσυχηί cičhé | τσυχηίτ cičhét |
| Genitive | τσυχήρ cičhár | τσυχήστηι cičhásťe | τσυχιώ cičhó | τσυχιώτω cičhóto |
| γλασα glasa - language | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | γλασα glasa | γλασατι glasať | γλασαι glase | γλασαιτ glaset |
| Genitive | γλασοι glasy | γλασοιτηι glasyťe | γλασω glaso | γλασωτω glasoto |
| πολιτεία poľtíja - state (polity) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | πολιτεία poľtíja | πολιτείατι poľtíjať | πολιτείαι poľtíje | πολιτείαιτ poľtíjet |
| Genitive | πολιτείοι poľtíji | πολιτείοιτηι poľtíjiťe | πολιτείω poľtíjo | πολιτείωτω poľtíjoto |
| τρυγα třiga - wing | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ρυγα třiga | τρυγατι třigať | τρυγαι třige | τρυγαιτ třiget |
| Genitive | τρυγοι třigy | τρυγοιτηι třigyťe | τρυγω třigo | τρυγωτω třigoto |
Masculine o-declension
Ancient Greek neuters have merged into the masculine gender and most of them take the masculine o-declension.
Masculines that come from AG unaccented -ος or -ον nouns have a zero-marked nominative indefinite:
| ώθραπ othrap - human | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ώθραπ óthrap | ώθραποτ óthrapot | ώθραποι óthrapy | ώθραποιτ óthrapyt |
| Genitive | ωθράπου othrápu | ωθράπουτου othráputu | ωθράπω othrápo | ωθράπωτω othrápoto |
| Vocative | ώθραπε óthrapie | ώθραποι óthrapy | ||
| δαρ dar - gift | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | δαρ dar | δάροτ dárot | δάροι dáry | δάροιτ dáryt |
| Genitive | δάρου dáru | δάρουτου dárutu | δάρω daro | δάρωτω daroto |
| Vocative | δάρε dáře | δάροι dáry | ||
-ορ nouns come from Ancient Greek -ός (accented) nouns.
| ιατρόρ jatrór - doctor | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ιατρόρ jatrór | ιατρόστ jatróst | ιατροί jatrý | ιατροίτ jatrýt |
| Genitive | ιατρού jatrú | ιατρούτου jatrútu | ιατρώ jatró | ιατρώτω jatróto |
| Vocative | ιατρέ jatřé | ιατροί jatrý | ||
Nouns in -ο come from AG second declension -όν:
| πτηνό cianó - bird | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | πτηνό ciano | πτηνότ cianót | πτηνοί cianý | πτηνοίτ cianýt |
| Genitive | πτηνού cianu | πτηνούτου cianutu | πτηνώ cianó | πτηνώτω cianóto |
| Nominative | πτηνέ ciaňé | πτηνοί cianý | ||
Masculine consonant declension
| ωδρα odra - man | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | ώδρα ódra | ώδρατ ódrat | ώδορι ódoř | ώδριτ ódriet |
| Genitive | ώδορ ódor | ώδροτου ódrotu | ώδρω ódro | ώδρωτω ódroto |
| Nominative | ώδρα ódra | ώδορι ódoř | ||
Adjectives (Επιθητοι Jepthiaty)
1st/2nd declension (-os/-ē)
| κοινόρ kynór 'common' | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | κοινόρ kynór | κοινή kyniá | κοινοί kyný | κοινηί kynié |
| Genitive | κοινού kynú | κοινήρ kyniár | κοινώ kynó | κοινιώ kynió |
| άγον ágon 'infertile' | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| Nominative | ágon | ágonia | ágony | ágonie |
| Genitive | agónu | agóni | agóno | agónio |
-i adjectives
(adjectives from AG -ēs/-ēs/-es)
| αήθει ajáthi 'immoral' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Common | Common | |
| Nominative | αήθει ajáthi | αήθει ajáthi |
| Genitive | αήθου ajáthu | αήθω ajátho |
-iár adjectives
(adjectives from AG -ḗs/-ḗs/-és)
| ευγινήρ judžňár 'polite' | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| Common | Common | |
| Nominative | ευγινήρ judžňár | ευγινείρ judžnír |
| Genitive | ευγινού judžnú | ευγινώ judžnó |
Prepositions (Προθηισηι Prothiesie)
- na (gen.) = dative
- in (gen.) = in
- pro (acc.) = towards (a place)
Verbs (Ρηματοι Riamaty)
Verbs have a 2x2x2 active, passive x present, past x indicative, subjunctive structure. They have two principal parts: the present stem and the past stem. Many verbs take the suffix -k- in the past active tense, but some verbs do not.
Negative prefix: u- (before a consonant other than h); uk- or uč- (otherwise)
- παιδευει pežuji = 3sg teaches; ουπαιδευει upežuji = 3sg does not teach
- αγαπαει agapaji = 3sg loves; ουκαγαπαει ukagapaji = 3sg does not love
- εισαγει isadži = it imports; ουκεισαγει učisadži = it does not import
Weak vowel verbs
| voice | tense | ga | si | ot/otia | šam | šať | oty/ote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | present indicative | pežuwa | pežujir | pežuji | pežum | pežuť | pežuš |
| present subjunctive | pežujo | pežujar | pežuja | pežujam | pežujať | pežujaš | |
| past indicative | pežuka | pežukar | pežuč | pežukam | pežukať | pežukaš | |
| past subjunctive | pežukajo | pežukajar | pežukaja | pežukajam | pežukajať | pežukajaš | |
| imperative | - | pežuj! pežuthi! | - | - | pežuť! | - | |
| infinitive | pežune | ||||||
| past infinitive | pežučne | ||||||
| participle | pežuwota, pežura | ||||||
| passive | present indicative | pežume | pežure | pežute | pežunta | pežusť | pežuwote |
| present subjunctive | pežuwime | pežuwire | pežuwite | pežuwintha | pežuwisť | pežuwijote | |
| past indicative | pežuťha | pežuťhast | pežuťhač | pežuťham | pežuťhať | pežuťhaš | |
| past subjunctive | pežuťhejo | pežuťhejast | pežuťheja | pežuťhejam | pežuťhejať | pežuťhejaš | |
| imperative | - | pežure! | - | - | pežusť! | - | |
| infinitive | pežusthe | ||||||
| past infinitive | pežuťhane | ||||||
| participle | pežumien, pežumnia | ||||||
| voice | tense | ga | si | ot/otia | šam | šať | oty/ote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active | present indicative | agapawa | agapajir | agapaji | agapam | agapať | agapaš |
| present subjunctive | agapajo | agapajar | agapaja | agapajam | agapajať | agapajaš | |
| past indicative | agapiaka | agapiakast | agapiač | agapiakam | agapiakať | agapiakaš | |
| past subjunctive | agapiakajo | agapiakajast | agapiakaja | agapiakajam | agapiakajať | agapiakajaš | |
| imperative | - | agapaj! | - | - | agapať! | - | |
| infinitive | agapane | ||||||
| past infinitive | agapiačne | ||||||
| participle | agapawota, agapara | ||||||
| passive | present indicative | agapame | agapare | agapate | agapanta | agapasť | agapawote |
| present subjunctive | agapawime | agapawire | agapawite | agapawintha | agapawisť | agapawijote | |
| past indicative | agapieťha | agapieťhast | agapieťhač | agapieťham | agapieťhať | agapieťhaš | |
| past subjunctive | agapieťhejo | agapieťhejast | agapieťheja | agapieťhejam | agapieťhejať | agapieťhejaš | |
| imperative | - | agapare! | - | - | agapasť! | - | |
| infinitive | agapasthe | ||||||
| past infinitive | agapieťhane | ||||||
| participle | agapamien, agapamnia | ||||||
Weak consonant verbs
ξευρσκειναι šurščine 'to find'
- Pres. act. ind.: ξευρσκα, ξευρσκειρ, ξευρσκει, ξευρσκομ, ξευρσκετι, ξευρσκουξ šurška, šurščir, šuršči, šurškom, šurščeť, šurškuš
- Pres. act. subj.: ξευρσκιω, ξευρσκηρ, ξευρσκη, ξευρσκημ, ξευρσκητι, ξευρσκηξ šurščo, šurščar, šuršča, šurščam, šurščať, šurščaš
- Past act.: ξευρηκα, ξευρηκαστ, ξευρηικι, ξευρηκαμ, ξευρηκατι, ξευρηκαξ šuřaka, šuřakast, šuřeč, šuřakam, šuřakať, šuřakaš
- Past act. subj.: ξευρηκαϊω, ξευρηκαϊηστ, ξευρηκαϊη... šuřakajo, šuřakajast, šuřakaja, šuřakajam, šuřakajať, šuřakajaš
- Pres. pass. ind.: ξευρσκμαι, ξευρσκεραι, ξευρσκεται, ξευρσκονθα, ξευρσκεστι, ξευρσκωται šurškme, šurščere, šurščete, šurškontha, šurščesť, šurškote
- Pres. pass. subj.: ξευρσκοιμαι, ξευρσκοιραι, ξευρσκοιται, ξευρσκοινθα, ξευρσκοιστι, ξευρσκοιωται šurškyme, šurškyre, šurškyte, šurškyntha, šurškysť, šurškyjote
- Past pass. ind.: šuriaťho, šuriaťhast, šuriaťhač, šuriaťham, šuriaťhať, šuriaťhaš
- Past pass. subj.: šuriaťhajo, šuriaťhajast, šuriaťhaja, šuriaťhajam, šuriaťhajať, šuriaťhajaš
- Active participle: šurškota, šurškura (m/f)
- Passive participle: šurškomien, šurškomňa (m/f)
Strong verbs
Irregular verbs
είναι ine 'to be'
- Infinitive: είναι ine
- Present: ειμ, ειρ, εστ, σμε, στε, ειξ im, ir, jest, smie, sťe, iš
- 'Negative forms: ούκειμ, ούκειρ, ούκεστ, ουξμέ, ουξτέ, ούκειξ účim, účir, účest, ušmié, ušťé, účiš
- Subjunctive: είω, είηρ, είη, είημ, είητι, είηξ íjo, íjar, íja, íjam, íjať, íjaš
- Past: ήκα, ήκαρ, ηκι, ήκαμ, ήκατι, ήκαξ jáka, jákast, jač, jákam, jákať, jákaš
- Participle: είωτα, είουρα íjota, íjura
Numerals (Αριθμοί Ařthmý)
- 1, ..., 10: šir/míja/šen, žo, třir/tříja, ťésier, piéťe, šeš, šépta, ókta, jéňa, diéka
- 11, ..., 19: šédka, žódka, třídka, ťésradka, piétadka, šéšadka, šéptadka, óktadka, jéňadka, íkoř
- 21, ..., 29: íkoř šen, íkoř žo, íkoř tříja, ... íkoř jéňa
- 30, ..., 100: třáta, saróta, pieňéta, šešéta, šemiéta, októta, jeňéta, šekató
Syntax (Siotachia)
'To have'
- Jest na mu mial.
- be.3SG.PRES to/for 1SG.GEN apple
- I have an apple.
Conjunctions
- jo = if