Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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m (→-ýr nouns) |
m (→Early Prakrit: remove dual, m/n sg instrumental analogizes to -ý/-í) |
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|align="right"|'''Nominative''' | |align="right"|'''Nominative''' | ||
|''výju | |''výju'' ||''výjavé'' | ||
|''žouštú'' | |''žouštú'' ||''žouštavaḥ'' | ||
|''medhu'' || | |''medhu'' || ''medhú'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Genitive''' | |align="right"|'''Genitive''' | ||
|''výjouš | |''výjouš'' ||''výjavou'' | ||
|''žouštouḥ | |''žouštouḥ'' ||''žouštavou'' | ||
|''medhouš | |''medhouš'' ||''medhavou'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Dative''' | |align="right" |'''Dative''' | ||
|''výjavej | |''výjavej'' ||''výjubh'' | ||
|''žouštaváj | |''žouštaváj'' ||''žouštubh'' | ||
|''medhavej | |''medhavej'' ||''medhubh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Accusative''' | |align="right"|'''Accusative''' | ||
|''výjú | |''výjú'' ||''výjúḥ'' | ||
|''žouštú | |''žouštú'' ||''žouštúḥ'' | ||
|''medhu | |''medhu'' ||''medhú'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Ablative''' | |align="right"|'''Ablative''' | ||
|''výjouḥ | |''výjouḥ'' ||''výjubh'' | ||
|''žouštouḥ'' | |''žouštouḥ'' ||''žouštubh'' | ||
|''medhouḥ | |''medhouḥ''||''medhubh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''výjí'' ||''výjubhi'' | ||
|''žouštujá | |''žouštujá'' ||''žouštubhi'' | ||
|'' | |''medhý'' ||''medhubhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
|''výjáu | |''výjáu'' ||''výjúš'' | ||
|''žouštáu'' | |''žouštáu'' ||''žouštúš'' | ||
|''medháu | |''medháu'' ||''medhúš'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Vocative''' | |align="right" |'''Vocative''' | ||
|''výjou | |''výjou!'' ||''výjavé!'' | ||
|''žouštou | |''žouštou!'' ||''žoustavaḥ!'' | ||
|''medhou | |''medhou!'' ||''medhú!'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 17:00, 19 April 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
o-stems
vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnaḥ | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
Accusative | vrka | vrkouḥ | loušnou | loušnaḥ | oušta | ouštá |
Ablative | vrkáḥ | vrkabh | loušnáḥ | loušnábh | ouštáḥ | ouštabh |
Instrumental | vrky | vrkýḥ | loušny | loušnýḥ | oušty | ouštýḥ |
Locative | vrci | vrkýš | loušný | loušnáš | oušti | ouštýš |
Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | loušna! | loušnáḥ! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | ageň | agňů | agňé | mať | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
Genitive | agňéš | agňou | agňou | maťéḥ | maťou | maťou | mařéš | mařou | mařou |
Dative | agňej | agňébha | agňebh | maťáj | maťébha | maťebh | mařej | mařébha | mařebh |
Accusative | agni | agňů | agníḥ | mati | maťé | maťaḥ | mař | mařé | maří |
Ablative | agňéḥ | agňébha | agňebh | maťéḥ | maťébha | maťebh | mařéḥ | mařébha | mařebh |
Instrumental | agní | agňébha | agňéḥ | matijá | maťébha | maťábhi | maří | mařébha | mařéḥ |
Locative | agňé | agňou | agníš | maťé | maťou | matíš | mařé | mařou | maříš |
Vocative | agňe! | agňů! | agňé! | maťi! | maťé! | maťaḥ! | maře! | mařé! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
patní (f.) = wife | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
Genitive | patníḥ | patnijou | patnijou |
Dative | patní | patníbha | patníbh |
Accusative | patní | patnijé | patníḥ |
Ablative | patníḥ | patníbha | patníbh |
Instrumental | patnijá | patníbha | patníbhi |
Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patníḥ! |
u-stems
výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | singular | dual | plural | |
Nominative | výju | výjavé | žouštú | žouštavaḥ | medhu | medhú | |||
Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | žouštouḥ | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou | |||
Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubh | |||
Accusative | výjú | výjúḥ | žouštú | žouštúḥ | medhu | medhú | |||
Ablative | výjouḥ | výjubh | žouštouḥ | žouštubh | medhouḥ | medhubh | |||
Instrumental | výjí | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhi | medhý | medhubhi | |||
Locative | výjáu | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštúš | medháu | medhúš | |||
Vocative | výjou! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žoustavaḥ! | medhou! | medhú! |
n-stems
žmů (m.) = human | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | žmů | žmený |
Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou |
Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
Accusative | žmena | žmenaḥ |
Ablative | žmenáḥ | žmenabh |
Instrumental | žmeny | žmenýḥ |
Locative | žmeni | žmenýš |
Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
vlamena (n.) = name | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Genitive | vlamenaš | vlamenou | |
Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
Ablative | vlamenáḥ | vlamenabh | |
Instrumental | vlameny | vlamenýḥ | |
Locative | vlamený | vlamenýš | |
Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
patýr (m.) = father | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
Nominative | patýr | paterý |
Genitive | patreš | patrou |
Dative | patrej | patrbh |
Accusative | patra | patŕḥ |
Ablative | patréḥ | patrbh |
Instrumental | patry | patrbhi |
Locative | patrý | patrš |
Vocative | patre! | paterý! |
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | jesmi, jsmi | jesme, jsme |
2nd | jesi, jsi | jeste, jste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Copula
Present
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
3rd | (zero) | (zero) |