Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions
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m (→u-stems) |
m (→Nouns) |
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|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''vrky'' ||''vrkabhi'' | |''vrky, vrkaný'' ||''vrkabhi'' | ||
|'' | |''loušnajá'' ||''loušnabhi'' | ||
|''oušty'' ||''ouštabhi'' | |''oušty, ouštaný'' ||''ouštabhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|''agni'' ||''agněbhi'' | |''agni, agněný'' ||''agněbhi'' | ||
|''matijá'' ||''matěbhi'' | |''matijá'' ||''matěbhi'' | ||
|''maři'' || ''mařebhi'' | |''maři, mařený'' || ''mařebhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''výjuný'' ||''výjubhi'' | ||
|''žouštujá'' ||''žouštubhi'' | |''žouštujá'' ||''žouštubhi'' | ||
|'' | |''medhuný'' ||''medhubhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
| Line 234: | Line 234: | ||
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|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''žmenaný'' ||''žmenabhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenabhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | |align="right"|'''Instrumental''' | ||
|'' | |''patraný'' ||''patrbhi'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|align="right" |'''Locative''' | |align="right" |'''Locative''' | ||
Revision as of 03:43, 2 May 2021
Early Prakrit
Nouns
o-stems
| vrk (m.) = wolf | loušná (f.) = moon, month | oušta (n.) = mouth | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | vrk | vrký | loušná | loušnech | oušta | ouštá |
| Genitive | vrkaš | vrkou | loušnech | loušnou | ouštaš | ouštou |
| Dative | vrkej | vrkabh | loušnej | loušnábh | ouštej | ouštabh |
| Accusative | vrka | vrkouch | loušnou | loušnech | oušta | ouštá |
| Ablative | vrkách | vrkabh | loušnách | loušnábh | ouštách | ouštabh |
| Instrumental | vrky, vrkaný | vrkabhi | loušnajá | loušnabhi | oušty, ouštaný | ouštabhi |
| Locative | vrký | vrkýš | loušný | loušnáš | ouštý | ouštýš |
| Vocative | vrče! | vrký! | loušna! | loušnech! | oušte! | ouštá! |
i-stems
| ageň (m.) = fire | mať (f.) = thought | mař (n.) = sea | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | ageň | agní | mať | matěch | mař | maří |
| Genitive | agněš | agňou | matěch | maťou | mařeš | mařou |
| Dative | agněj | agněbh | matěj | matěbh | mařej | mařebh |
| Accusative | agni | agních | mati | matěch | mař | maří |
| Ablative | agních | agňebh | matích | matěbh | mařích | mařebh |
| Instrumental | agni, agněný | agněbhi | matijá | matěbhi | maři, mařený | mařebhi |
| Locative | agní | agníš | maťí | matíš | maří | maříš |
| Vocative | agně! | agní! | maťi! | matěch! | maře! | maří! |
Feminines in -í
| patní (f.) = wife | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| Nominative | patní | patnijé | patních |
| Genitive | patních | patnijou | patnijou |
| Dative | patní | patníbha | patníbh |
| Accusative | patní | patnijé | patních |
| Ablative | patních | patníbha | patníbh |
| Instrumental | patnijá | patníbha | patníbhi |
| Locative | patnijé | patnijou | patníš |
| Vocative | patní! | patnijé! | patních! |
u-stems
| výju (m.) = wind | žouštú (f.) = meat | medhu (n.) = honey | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| Nominative | výju | výjavé | žouštú | žouštavech | medhu | medhú |
| Genitive | výjouš | výjavou | žouštouch | žouštavou | medhouš | medhavou |
| Dative | výjavej | výjubh | žouštaváj | žouštubh | medhavej | medhubh |
| Accusative | výjú | výjúch | žouštú | žouštúch | medhu | medhú |
| Ablative | výjouch | výjubh | žouštouch | žouštubh | medhouch | medhubh |
| Instrumental | výjuný | výjubhi | žouštujá | žouštubhi | medhuný | medhubhi |
| Locative | výjáu | výjúš | žouštáu | žouštúš | medháu | medhúš |
| Vocative | výjou! | výjavé! | žouštou! | žoustavach! | medhou! | medhú! |
n-stems
| žmů (m.) = human | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | žmů | žmený |
| Genitive | žmenaš | žmenou |
| Dative | žmenej | žmenabh |
| Accusative | žmena | žmenach |
| Ablative | žmenách | žmenabh |
| Instrumental | žmenaný | žmenabhi |
| Locative | žmeni | žmenýš |
| Vocative | žmů! | žmený! |
ma-stems
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
| vlamena (n.) = name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| Nominative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Genitive | vlamenaš | vlamenou | |
| Dative | vlamenej | vlamenabh | |
| Accusative | vlamena | vlamená | |
| Ablative | vlamenách | vlamenabh | |
| Instrumental | vlamenaný | vlamenabhi | |
| Locative | vlamený | vlamenýš | |
| Vocative | vlamena! | vlamená! | |
s-stems
nebh regularizes to nebhesa
Other athematics
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, vrýž 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular i-stem masculine noun.
-ýr nouns
TODO: Family members patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr
| patýr (m.) = father | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | patýr | paterý |
| Genitive | patreš | patrou |
| Dative | patrej | patrbh |
| Accusative | patra | patŕch |
| Ablative | patréch | patrbh |
| Instrumental | patraný | patrbhi |
| Locative | patrý | patrš |
| Vocative | patre! | paterý! |
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | smi, jsmi | sme, jsme |
| 2nd | si, jsi | ste, jste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |
Late Prakrit
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Copula
Present
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | =(e)hem | =(e)hme |
| 2nd | =(e)si | =(e)ste |
| 3rd | (zero) | (zero) |