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[[User:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán|pá mamūnám ontā́ bán]] : <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">[[wikipedia:Non nobis solum|non nobis solum]]</span> : [[wiktionary:non nobis solum|not for ourselves alone]]
My to do list for Kihā́mmic can be found [[User:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán/To do lists#Kihā́mmic|here]]. If you have any suggestions for additions, clean ups or clarifications then don't hesitate to add them!
If you have any other questions about this article leave a message on the [[Talk:Kihā́mmic|talk page]] or [[User talk:Pá mamūnám ontā́ bán|send me a message]]!
{{ClassMeter
| Name          = Kihā́mmic
| NativeName    = [[File:Kihāmatī́zô tárak.png|175px]]<br>kihāmatī́zô tárak
| Type          = Fusional
| Alignment    = Nominative-accusative
|adjective      = Mixed
|adposition    = Final
|adverb        = Mixed
|article        = Final
|relativeclause = Initial
|nounclause    = Mixed
|order          = OSV
| Tonal        = No
| Declensions  = Yes
| Conjugations  = Yes
| Genders      = 3
| Nouns inflect according to...
| Case          = Yes
| Number        = Yes
| Definiteness  = No
| Gender        = Yes
| Verbs conjugate according to...
| Voice        = No
| Mood          = Yes
| Person        = No
| Number        = Yes
| Tense        = Yes
| Aspect        = No
To what degree, from 0 to 100 where 100 is fully completed, is the respective part completed?
|Phonology      =
|NounCases      =
|NounDef        =
|NounNumbers    =
|NounGender    =
|VerbPerson    =
|VerbNumber    =
|VerbAspect    =
|VerbTense      =
|VerbMood      =
|VerbVoice      =
|AdjCase        =
|AdjNumber      =
|AdjDef        =
|AdjGen        =
|AdjComparative =
|AdjSuperlative =
|AdjGen        =
|Supine        =
|Gerund        =
|Participle    =
|Infinitive    =
|Modality      =
|Words          =
}}
{{language
{{language
|name         = Kihā́mmic
|name       = Kihā́mmic
|nativename   = kihāmatī́zô tárak
|nativename = [[File:Kihāmatī́zô tárak.png|175px]]<br>kihāmatī́zô tárak
|pronunciation = /kɪɦɑːmaˈtiːzo ˈtaɾak/
|states    = [[conworld:Kihāmát|Kihāmát]]
|spoken        = Kihāmát
|region     = [[wikipedia:North America|North America]]
|region       = [[wikipedia:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]]
|speakers   = 5,283,084 ([[wikipedia:First language|native]])
|speakers     = 5,283,084 ([[wikipedia:First language|native]])
|rank       = 121
|rank         = 121
|family     = [[Panlaffic languages]]
|family       = Panlaffic languages
|nation    = [[conworld:Kihāmát|Kihāmát]]
|writing      = Panlaffic alphabet, [[wikipedia:Latin alphabet|Latin alphabet]] (Panlaffic)
|agency    = [[conworld:The Kihā́mmic Institute of Language and Linguistics|The Kihā́mmic Institute of Language and Linguistics]]
|official      = Kihāmát
|iso1       = kh
|regulator    = The Kihā́mmic Institute of Language and Linguistics
|iso2       = kih
|iso1         = kh
|sil       = kih}}
|iso2         = kih
==General information==
|sil           = kih
[[File:Kihāmát (Google Maps).png|thumb|385px|Kihāmát on Google Maps.]]
}}
The Kihā́mmic language (Kihā́mmic Latin: ''Lố kihāmatī́zô tárak'', [[IPA for Kihā́mmic|[ˈlo kɪɦɑːmaˈtiːzo ˈtaɾak]]]) is the main language spoken in [[conworld:Kihāmát|Kihāmát]]. It is an inflected fusional nominative-accusative language, which has two numbers, three genders and nine cases. There are over five million native speakers of Kihā́mmic at present; nearly seventy per cent of the country's population, the majority of the remaining thirty per cent speak Kihā́mmic fluently as their second language. The language belongs to the isolated  family, which is indigenous to the eight islands that make up Kihāmát. There are six other extant Panlaffic languages, including the closely related [[Church Kihā́mmic]], as well as a few more extinct languages.


The Kihā́mmic language (Kihā́mmic Latin: ''Lố kihāmatī́zô tárak'', [ˈlo kɪɦɑːmaˈtiːzo ˈtaɾak]) is the main language spoken in Kihāmát. It is an inflected fusional nominative-accusative language, which has two numbers, three genders and nine cases. There are over five million native speakers of Kihā́mmic at present; nearly seventy per cent of the country's population, the majority of the remaining thirty per cent speak Kihā́mmic fluently as their second language. The language belongs to the isolated family, which is indigenous to the eight islands that make up Kihāmát. There are six other extant Panlaffic languages, including the closely related Church Kihā́mmic, as well as a few more extinct languages.
==Phonology and orthography==
:''See also: [[Kihā́mmic/Phonology|Kihā́mmic phonology]] and [[IPA for Kihā́mmic]]''


==Phonology and orthography==
The Kihā́mmic language can be written in either the native Panlaffic script, in which all Panlaffic languages are traditionally written, or in the Standardised Romanised Panlaffic Alphabet used here.
The Kihā́mmic language can be written in either the native Panlaffic script, in which all Panlaffic languages are traditionally written, or in the Standardised Romanised Panlaffic Alphabet used here.


Line 299: Line 359:


===Alphabet===
===Alphabet===
As previously mentioned, all of the Panlaffic languages have traditionally been written in the Panlaffic alphabet, the chief variant of which is the Kihā́mmic one. However, use of the Romanised alphabet is increasing. This is mainly due to the Internet and other technologies and media, but also due to the fact that it is easier to write in Latin script.
[[File:Kihā́mmic Coat of Arms (1957-).png|thumb|250px|The Kihā́mmic Coat of Arms]]
As previously mentioned, all of the Panlaffic languages have traditionally been written in the [[Panlaffic alphabet]], the chief variant of which is the Kihā́mmic one. However, use of the Romanised alphabet is increasing. This is mainly due to the Internet and other technologies and media, but also due to the fact that it is easier to write in Latin script.


The Panlaffic alphabet is a true alphabet. Although in the past the Panlaffic script had two cases, a majuscule and a minuscule, only the majuscule is now generally used and the minuscule is never used in any official context.
The Panlaffic alphabet is a true alphabet. An example of its use is shown to left, on the Coat of Arms of Kihāmát. The word on the scroll spells "Kihāmát" in its native script.
 
Although in the past the Panlaffic script had two cases, a majuscule and a minuscule, only the majuscule is now generally used and the minuscule is never used in any official context.


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 656px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable article-table" style="width: 656px; "
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#''Ə'' is never stressed unless it is the only vowel in the word.
#''Ə'' is never stressed unless it is the only vowel in the word.
#Pluralisation moves the stress to the infix, -''am''-, unless this would violate rule two.
#Pluralisation moves the stress to the infix, -''am''-, unless this would violate rule two.
==Grammar==
===Cases===
The Kihā́mmic language has nine cases:
#[[Panlaffic cases#Nominative case|Nominative]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Accusative case|Accusative]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Genitive case|Genitive]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Ablative case|Ablative]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Allative case|Allative]] (or dative-allative)
#[[Panlaffic cases#Instrumental case|Instrumental]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Locative case|Locative]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Terminative case|Terminative]]
#[[Panlaffic cases#Comparative case|Comparative]] (or equative)
===Nouns===
Nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter; two numbers: singular and plural; they are also declined according to case.
====Masculine====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''building''
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''moon, Moon''
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|hót
|colspan="2"|hotám
|colspan="2"|ốnô
|colspan="2"|ônámô
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|hótā
|colspan="2"|hotámā
|colspan="2"|ốnā
|colspan="2"|ônámā
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|hótī
|colspan="2"|hotámī
|colspan="2"|ốnī
|colspan="2"|ônámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|hotá
|colspan="2"|hotamá
|colspan="2"|ôná
|colspan="2"|ônamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|hótô
|colspan="2"|hotámô
|colspan="2"|ốnō
|colspan="2"|ônámō
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|hótû
|colspan="2"|hotámû
|colspan="2"|ốnû
|colspan="2"|ônámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|hóte
|colspan="2"|hotáme
|colspan="2"|ốne
|colspan="2"|ônáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|hótə
|colspan="2"|hotámə
|colspan="2"|ốnə
|colspan="2"|ônámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|hótak
|colspan="2"|hotámak
|colspan="2"|ốnak
|colspan="2"|ônámak
|}
====Feminine====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''star, Sun''
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''wind''
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|kāžá
|colspan="2"|kāžamá
|colspan="2"|fáve
|colspan="2"|faváme
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|kāžér
|colspan="2"|kāžámer
|colspan="2"|fáver
|colspan="2"|favámer
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|kāžī́
|colspan="2"|kāžámī
|colspan="2"|fávī
|colspan="2"|favámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|kāžā́
|colspan="2"|kāžamā́
|colspan="2"|favá
|colspan="2"|favamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|kāžố
|colspan="2"|kāžámô
|colspan="2"|fávô
|colspan="2"|favámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|kāžû́
|colspan="2"|kāžámû
|colspan="2"|fávû
|colspan="2"|favámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|kāžé
|colspan="2"|kāžáme
|colspan="2"|fávet
|colspan="2"|favámet
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|kā́žə
|colspan="2"|kāžámə
|colspan="2"|fávə
|colspan="2"|favámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|kāžák
|colspan="2"|kāžámak
|colspan="2"|fávak
|colspan="2"|favámak
|}
====Neuter====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''eye''
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''bone''
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|čû́
|colspan="2"|čámû
|colspan="2"|tákī
|colspan="2"|takámī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|čû́
|colspan="2"|čámû
|colspan="2"|tákī
|colspan="2"|takámī
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|čī́
|colspan="2"|čámī
|colspan="2"|tákīn
|colspan="2"|takámīn
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|čá
|colspan="2"|čamá
|colspan="2"|taká
|colspan="2"|takamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|čố
|colspan="2"|čámô
|colspan="2"|tákô
|colspan="2"|takámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|čū́
|colspan="2"|čámū
|colspan="2"|tákû
|colspan="2"|takámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|čé
|colspan="2"|čáme
|colspan="2"|táke
|colspan="2"|takáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|čə́
|colspan="2"|čámə
|colspan="2"|tákə
|colspan="2"|takámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|čák
|colspan="2"|čámak
|colspan="2"|tákak
|colspan="2"|takámak
|}
====Diminutives and augmentatives====
Diminutives add -''ûn''(''á''/''û'') unless the word ends in a vowel, in which case add -''kûn''(''á''/''û'').
Augmentatives add -''at''(''á''/''û'') but add -''mat''(''á''/''û'') when the word ends in a vowel.
Adjectives do not change according to diminutives or augmentatives.
===Articles===
Articles appear as both definite (i.e. "the") and indefinite (i.e. "a", "an" or "some") and are declined as nouns. They are used to specify the definiteness of something. They are colloquially dropped if definiteness is clear from context but normally kept in literary or more formal work.
====Definite====
The definite articles correspond to the English "the" and the French "le", "la", "l'" or "les".
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Gender →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Masculine
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Feminine
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|lố
|colspan="2"|lámô
|colspan="2"|lá
|colspan="2"|lamá
|colspan="2"|lû́
|colspan="2"|lámû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|lā́
|colspan="2"|lámā
|colspan="2"|lér
|colspan="2"|lámer
|colspan="2"|lû́
|colspan="2"|lámû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|lī́
|colspan="2"|lámī
|colspan="2"|lī́
|colspan="2"|lámī
|colspan="2"|lī́
|colspan="2"|lámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|lá
|colspan="2"|lamá
|colspan="2"|lā́
|colspan="2"|lámā
|colspan="2"|lá
|colspan="2"|lamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|lṓ
|colspan="2"|lámō
|colspan="2"|lố
|colspan="2"|lámô
|colspan="2"|lố
|colspan="2"|lámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|lû́
|colspan="2"|lámû
|colspan="2"|lû́
|colspan="2"|lámû
|colspan="2"|lū́
|colspan="2"|lámū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|lé
|colspan="2"|láme
|colspan="2"|lé
|colspan="2"|láme
|colspan="2"|lé
|colspan="2"|láme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|lə́
|colspan="2"|lámə
|colspan="2"|lə́
|colspan="2"|lámə
|colspan="2"|lə́
|colspan="2"|lámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|lák
|colspan="2"|lámak
|colspan="2"|lák
|colspan="2"|lámak
|colspan="2"|lák
|colspan="2"|lámak
|}
====Indefinite====
The indefinite articles correspond to the English "a", "an" or "some" and the Portuguese "um", uma", "uns" or "umas". Note that indefinite pronouns drop the vowel in the pluralisation infix (except in the case of ''anám'') used elsewhere.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Gender →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Masculine
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Feminine
! colspan="4" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|án
|colspan="2"|anám
|colspan="2"|aná
|colspan="2"|anmá
|colspan="2"|ánû
|colspan="2"|ánmû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|ánā
|colspan="2"|ánmā
|colspan="2"|áner
|colspan="2"|ánmer
|colspan="2"|ánû
|colspan="2"|ánmû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|ánī
|colspan="2"|ánmī
|colspan="2"|ánī
|colspan="2"|ánmī
|colspan="2"|ánī
|colspan="2"|ánmī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|aná
|colspan="2"|ánmá
|colspan="2"|ánā
|colspan="2"|ánmā
|colspan="2"|aná
|colspan="2"|anmá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|ánô
|colspan="2"|ánmō
|colspan="2"|ánô
|colspan="2"|ánmô
|colspan="2"|ánô
|colspan="2"|ánmô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|ánû
|colspan="2"|ánmû
|colspan="2"|ánû
|colspan="2"|ánmû
|colspan="2"|ánū
|colspan="2"|ánmū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|áne
|colspan="2"|ánme
|colspan="2"|áne
|colspan="2"|ánme
|colspan="2"|áne
|colspan="2"|ánme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|ánə
|colspan="2"|ánmə
|colspan="2"|ánə
|colspan="2"|ánmə
|colspan="2"|ánə
|colspan="2"|ánmə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|ának
|colspan="2"|ánmak
|colspan="2"|ának
|colspan="2"|ánmak
|colspan="2"|ának
|colspan="2"|ánmak
|}
===Adjectives===
In Kihā́mmic, an adjectives agrees with the noun it qualifies in gender, number and case.
====Type I====
Type I adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''nômô''. Note that the pluralisation infix -''am''- becomes -''a''- in all cases here due to the presence of ''n''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''red''
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|vílnômô
|colspan="2"|vilnamá
|colspan="2"|vílnûmû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|vílnômā
|colspan="2"|vílnamā
|colspan="2"|vílnûmû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|vílnômī
|colspan="2"|vílnamī
|colspan="2"|vílnûmī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|vilnômá
|colspan="2"|vílnamā
|colspan="2"|vilnûmá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|vílnômō
|colspan="2"|vílnamô
|colspan="2"|vílnûmô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|vílnômû
|colspan="2"|vílnamû
|colspan="2"|vílnûmū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|vílnôme
|colspan="2"|vílname
|colspan="2"|vílnûme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|vílnômə
|colspan="2"|vílnamə
|colspan="2"|vílnûmə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|vílnômak
|colspan="2"|vílnamak
|colspan="2"|vílnûmak
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|vilánômô
|colspan="2"|vilanamá
|colspan="2"|vilánûmû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|vilánômā
|colspan="2"|vilánamā
|colspan="2"|vilánûmû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|vilánômī
|colspan="2"|vilánamī
|colspan="2"|vilánûmī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|vilanômá
|colspan="2"|vilánamā
|colspan="2"|vilanûmá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|vilánômō
|colspan="2"|vilánamô
|colspan="2"|vilánûmô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|vilánômû
|colspan="2"|vilánamû
|colspan="2"|vilánûmū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|vilánôme
|colspan="2"|viláname
|colspan="2"|vilánûme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|vilánômə
|colspan="2"|vilánamə
|colspan="2"|vilánûmə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|vilánômak
|colspan="2"|vilánamak
|colspan="2"|vilánûmak
|}
====Type II====
Type II adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''ôvan''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''high''
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|látkôvan
|colspan="2"|latkavá
|colspan="2"|látkûvû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|látkôvanā
|colspan="2"|látkavā
|colspan="2"|látkûvû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|látkôvanī
|colspan="2"|látkavī
|colspan="2"|látkûvī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|latkôvaná
|colspan="2"|látkavā
|colspan="2"|látkûvá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|látkôvanō
|colspan="2"|látkavô
|colspan="2"|látkûvô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|látkôvanû
|colspan="2"|látkavû
|colspan="2"|látkûvū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|látkôvane
|colspan="2"|látkave
|colspan="2"|látkûve
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|látkôvanə
|colspan="2"|látkavə
|colspan="2"|látkûvə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|látkôvanak
|colspan="2"|látkavak
|colspan="2"|látkûvak
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvan
|colspan="2"|latkamavá
|colspan="2"|latkámûvû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanā
|colspan="2"|latkámavā
|colspan="2"|latkámûvû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanī
|colspan="2"|latkámavī
|colspan="2"|latkámûvī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|latkamôvaná
|colspan="2"|latkámavā
|colspan="2"|latkámûvá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanō
|colspan="2"|latkámavô
|colspan="2"|latkámûvô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanû
|colspan="2"|latkámavû
|colspan="2"|latkámûvū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvane
|colspan="2"|latkámave
|colspan="2"|latkámûve
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanə
|colspan="2"|latkámavə
|colspan="2"|latkámûvə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|latkámôvanak
|colspan="2"|latkámavak
|colspan="2"|latkámûvak
|}
====Type III====
Type III adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''amô'' or -''ômô'' (but not -''nômô''). Note that here rather than the usual infix -''am''- the vowels ''a'' and ''ô'' mutate to become ''ā'' and ''ō'' respectively, these infixes are stressed unless the last letter is ''a''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''distant''
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamô
|colspan="2"|tōrnamá
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamā
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamā
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamī
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamī
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|tōrnamá
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamā
|colspan="2"|tōrnamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamō
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamô
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamû
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamû
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|tṓrname
|colspan="2"|tṓrname
|colspan="2"|tṓrname
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamə
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamə
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamak
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamak
|colspan="2"|tṓrnamak
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mô
|colspan="2"|tōrnāmá
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mā
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mā
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mû
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mī
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mī
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|tōrnāmá
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mā
|colspan="2"|tōrnāmá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mō
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mô
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mû
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mû
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́me
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́me
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́me
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mə
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mə
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mak
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mak
|colspan="2"|tōrnā́mak
|}
====Type IV====
Type IV adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''atī́zô''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''Kihā́mmic''
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zô
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́ze
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zā
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zā
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zī
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zī
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zī
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zīn
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatīzá
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zā
|colspan="2"|kihāmatīzá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zō
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zô
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zû
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zû
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́ze
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zet
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́ze
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zə
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zə
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zak
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zak
|colspan="2"|kihāmatī́zak
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzô
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīze
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzā
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzā
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzī
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzī
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzī
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzīn
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|kihāmamatīzá
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzā
|colspan="2"|kihāmamatīzá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzō
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzô
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzû
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzû
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīze
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzet
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīze
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzə
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzə
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzak
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzak
|colspan="2"|kihāmámatīzak
|}
====Type V====
Type V adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''ónsô''.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''church''
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|āčónsô
|colspan="2"|āčónse
|colspan="2"|āčónsī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|āčónsā
|colspan="2"|āčónsā
|colspan="2"|āčónsī
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|āčónsī
|colspan="2"|āčónsī
|colspan="2"|āčónsīn
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|āčonsá
|colspan="2"|āčónsā
|colspan="2"|āčonsá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|āčónsō
|colspan="2"|āčónsô
|colspan="2"|āčónsô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|āčónsû
|colspan="2"|āčónsû
|colspan="2"|āčónsû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|āčónse
|colspan="2"|āčónset
|colspan="2"|āčónse
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|āčónsə
|colspan="2"|āčónsə
|colspan="2"|āčónsə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|āčónsak
|colspan="2"|āčónsak
|colspan="2"|āčónsak
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Masculine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Feminine
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Neuter
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|āčámonsô
|colspan="2"|āčámonse
|colspan="2"|āčámonsī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|āčámonsā
|colspan="2"|āčámonsā
|colspan="2"|āčámonsī
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|āčámonsī
|colspan="2"|āčámonsī
|colspan="2"|āčámonsīn
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|āčamonsá
|colspan="2"|āčámonsā
|colspan="2"|āčamonsá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|āčámonsō
|colspan="2"|āčámonsô
|colspan="2"|āčámonsô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|āčámonsû
|colspan="2"|āčámonsû
|colspan="2"|āčámonsû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|āčámonse
|colspan="2"|āčámonset
|colspan="2"|āčámonse
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|āčámonsə
|colspan="2"|āčámonsə
|colspan="2"|āčámonsə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|āčámonsak
|colspan="2"|āčámonsak
|colspan="2"|āčámonsak
|}
===Comparatives===
====More====
To say phrases involving comparisons such as "The dog is '''''bigger''''' than the cat", the word "''rū́namô''" [more] precedes the adjective and the adjective is followed by "''kā́''" [than]. So the example sentence translates as:
"''Lố gốt sói '''rū́namô ránômô''' kā́ lá kará''"
N.B.: ''rū́namô'' declines appropriately as a [[Kihā́mmic#Type_III|type III]] adjective.
====Less====
To say phrases such as "The cat is '''''smaller''''' than the dog", the word "''kónsô''" [less] precedes the adjective which is also followed by "''kā́''". So the example given translates as:
"''Lá kará séi '''kónse ránama''' kā́ lố gốt''"
N.B.: ''kónsô'' declines as a [[Kihā́mmic#Type_V|type V]] adjective.
====As... as====
To say phrases such as "You are '''''as''''' short '''''as''''' me", the word "''kán''" [also] precedes the adjective which is also followed by "''kā́''". So the example given translates as:
"''Dán sói '''kán''' dénômô '''kā́''' ékô''"
===Superlatives===
====Most====
To use superlatives, for example, "This dog is '''''the biggest''''', the word "''ródamô''" [most] is placed before the adjective. Thus the sentence above translates as:
"''Lố gốt sói '''lố ródamô ránômô'''''"
N.B.: ''ródamô'' also declines as a [[Kihā́mmic#Type_III|type III]] adjective.
====Least====
To say superlative phrases such as "The cat is '''''the smallest''''', the word "''katrónsô''" [least] is placed before the appropriate adjective. So the sentence above translates as:
"''Lá kará séi '''lá katrónse ranômá'''''"
N.B.: ''katrónsô'' declines as a [[Kihā́mmic#Type_V|type V]] adjective.
===Personal pronouns===
Personal pronouns are declined just as noun, except for the fact that plural personal pronouns do not exactly resemble the pluralised version of the corresponding singular personal pronouns. The plural forms of the second and third person personal pronouns can be used as polite personal pronouns as well, just as in French "vous" can be the plural or polite form of "you" and as "Вы" can also do the same in Russian.
====Masculine====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Gender →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|1st person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|2nd person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|3rd person
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|ékô
|colspan="2"|əkámô
|colspan="2"|dán
|colspan="2"|tanám
|colspan="2"|šốn
|colspan="2"|žônámû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|ékā
|colspan="2"|əkámā
|colspan="2"|dánā
|colspan="2"|tanámā
|colspan="2"|šốnā
|colspan="2"|žônámā
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|ékī
|colspan="2"|əkámī
|colspan="2"|dánī
|colspan="2"|tanámī
|colspan="2"|šốnī
|colspan="2"|žônámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|eká
|colspan="2"|əkamá
|colspan="2"|daná
|colspan="2"|tanámá
|colspan="2"|šôná
|colspan="2"|žônamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|ékō
|colspan="2"|əkámō
|colspan="2"|dánô
|colspan="2"|tanámô
|colspan="2"|šốnô
|colspan="2"|žônámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|ékû
|colspan="2"|əkámû
|colspan="2"|dánû
|colspan="2"|tanámû
|colspan="2"|šốnû
|colspan="2"|žônámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|éke
|colspan="2"|əkáme
|colspan="2"|dáne
|colspan="2"|tanáme
|colspan="2"|šốne
|colspan="2"|žônáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|ékə
|colspan="2"|əkámə
|colspan="2"|dánə
|colspan="2"|tanámə
|colspan="2"|šốnə
|colspan="2"|žônámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|ékak
|colspan="2"|əkámak
|colspan="2"|danák
|colspan="2"|tanámak
|colspan="2"|šốnak
|colspan="2"|žônámak
|}
====Feminine====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Gender →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|1st person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|2nd person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|3rd person
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|ā́ke
|colspan="2"|akáme
|colspan="2"|līmá
|colspan="2"|zīmamá
|colspan="2"|gāná
|colspan="2"|kānamá
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|ā́ker
|colspan="2"|akámer
|colspan="2"|lī́mer
|colspan="2"|zīmámer
|colspan="2"|gā́ner
|colspan="2"|kānámer
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|ā́kī
|colspan="2"|akámī
|colspan="2"|lī́mī
|colspan="2"|zīmámī
|colspan="2"|gā́nī
|colspan="2"|kānámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|āká
|colspan="2"|akamá
|colspan="2"|lī́mā
|colspan="2"|zīmámā
|colspan="2"|gā́nā
|colspan="2"|kānámā
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|ā́kô
|colspan="2"|akámô
|colspan="2"|lī́mô
|colspan="2"|zīmámô
|colspan="2"|gā́nô
|colspan="2"|kānámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|ā́kû
|colspan="2"|akámû
|colspan="2"|lī́mû
|colspan="2"|zīmámû
|colspan="2"|gā́nû
|colspan="2"|kānámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|ā́ket
|colspan="2"|akámet
|colspan="2"|lī́me
|colspan="2"|zīmáme
|colspan="2"|gā́ne
|colspan="2"|kānáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|ā́kə
|colspan="2"|akámə
|colspan="2"|lī́mə
|colspan="2"|zīmámə
|colspan="2"|gā́nə
|colspan="2"|kānámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|ā́kak
|colspan="2"|akámak
|colspan="2"|lī́mák
|colspan="2"|zīmámak
|colspan="2"|gā́nak
|colspan="2"|kānámak
|}
====Neuter====
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Gender →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|1st person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|2nd person
! colspan="4" scope="col"|3rd person
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámû
|colspan="2"|bû́
|colspan="2"|vámû
|colspan="2"|ītī́
|colspan="2"|ītámī
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámā
|colspan="2"|bā́
|colspan="2"|vámā
|colspan="2"|ītā́
|colspan="2"|ītámā
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámī
|colspan="2"|bī́
|colspan="2"|vámī
|colspan="2"|ītī́t
|colspan="2"|ītámīt
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mamá
|colspan="2"|bá
|colspan="2"|vamá
|colspan="2"|ītá
|colspan="2"|ītamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámô
|colspan="2"|bố
|colspan="2"|vámô
|colspan="2"|ītố
|colspan="2"|ītámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámū
|colspan="2"|bū́
|colspan="2"|vámū
|colspan="2"|ītû́
|colspan="2"|ītámû
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|máme
|colspan="2"|bé
|colspan="2"|váme
|colspan="2"|īté
|colspan="2"|ītáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámə
|colspan="2"|bə́
|colspan="2"|vámə
|colspan="2"|ītə́
|colspan="2"|ītámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|mámak
|colspan="2"|bák
|colspan="2"|vámak
|colspan="2"|īták
|colspan="2"|ītámak
|}
The neuter second person singular is used in cases where either gender may apply and plural neuter pronouns are also used for mixed gender groups.
====Reflexive====
To form reflexive pronouns (i.e. myself/ourselves et cetera) the suffix -''ná'' is added to singular pronouns and -''nám'' added to plural pronouns. For example myself, masculine accusative, in Kihā́mmic is ''ekôná'' and ourselves, neuter instrumental, is ''mamūnám''.
===Possessives===
Possessive adjectives are words such as the English "his", "our" or "their" or the French "mon", "ton" or "son". They behave exactly as normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_I|type I]] adjectives, that is that they agree in case, number and gender with their counterpart noun.
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|+Possessive adjectives
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Gender ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|1<sup>st</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|2<sup>nd</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|3<sup>rd</sup> person
|-
!scope="row"|Masculine
|colspan="2"|énômô
|colspan="2"|dánômô
|colspan="2"|šốnômô
|-
!scope="row"|Feminine
|colspan="2"|ā́nômô
|colspan="2"|lī́nômô
|colspan="2"|gā́nômô
|-
!scope="row"|Neuter
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|bnốmô
|colspan="2"|ī́tnômô
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Gender ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|1<sup>st</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|2<sup>nd</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|3<sup>rd</sup> person
|-
!scope="row"|Masculine
|colspan="2"|ənốmô
|colspan="2"|tánômô
|colspan="2"|žốnômô
|-
!scope="row"|Feminine
|colspan="2"|ánômô
|colspan="2"|zī́nômô
|colspan="2"|kā́nômô
|-
!scope="row"|Neuter
|colspan="2"|mnốmô
|colspan="2"|vnốmô
|colspan="2"|ī́tnômô
|}
Possessive pronouns are words such as "mine", "yours" or "ours". They behave just as normal nouns would. They also agree in number and gender with the noun to which they refer (by adding "''(am)á''" for feminine and "''(ám)û''" for neuter).
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|+Possessive pronouns
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Singular
|-
!scope="col"|Gender ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|1<sup>st</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|2<sup>nd</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|3<sup>rd</sup> person
|-
!scope="row"|Masculine
|colspan="2"|énôm
|colspan="2"|dánôm
|colspan="2"|šốnôm
|-
!scope="row"|Feminine
|colspan="2"|ā́nam
|colspan="2"|lī́nam
|colspan="2"|gā́nam
|-
!scope="row"|Neuter
|colspan="2"| -
|colspan="2"|bnû́m
|colspan="2"|ī́tnûm
|-
! colspan="6" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="col"|Gender ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|1<sup>st</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|2<sup>nd</sup> person
!colspan="2" scope="col"|3<sup>rd</sup> person
|-
!scope="row"|Masculine
|colspan="2"|ənốm
|colspan="2"|tánôm
|colspan="2"|žốnôm
|-
!scope="row"|Feminine
|colspan="2"|ánam
|colspan="2"|zī́nam
|colspan="2"|kā́nam
|-
!scope="row"|Neuter
|colspan="2"|mnû́m
|colspan="2"|vnû́m
|colspan="2"|ī́tnûm
|}
===Interrogative pronouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
!scope="col"|Translation →
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''what''
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''who''
! colspan="4" scope="col"|''which (kind)''
|-
!scope="col"|Case ↓
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Singular
!colspan="2" scope="col"|Plural
|-
!scope="row"|Nominative
|colspan="2"|kómû
|colspan="2"|komámû
|colspan="2"|kémû
|colspan="2"|kemámû
|colspan="2"|tómû
|colspan="2"|tomámû
|-
!scope="row"|Accusative
|colspan="2"|kómā
|colspan="2"|komámā
|colspan="2"|kémā
|colspan="2"|kemámā
|colspan="2"|tómā
|colspan="2"|tomámā
|-
!scope="row"|Genitive
|colspan="2"|kómī
|colspan="2"|komámī
|colspan="2"|kémī
|colspan="2"|kemámī
|colspan="2"|tómī
|colspan="2"|tomámī
|-
!scope="row"|Ablative
|colspan="2"|komá
|colspan="2"|komamá
|colspan="2"|kemá
|colspan="2"|kemamá
|colspan="2"|tomá
|colspan="2"|tomamá
|-
!scope="row"|Allative
|colspan="2"|kómô
|colspan="2"|komámô
|colspan="2"|kémô
|colspan="2"|kemámô
|colspan="2"|tómô
|colspan="2"|tomámô
|-
!scope="row"|Instrumental
|colspan="2"|kómū
|colspan="2"|komámū
|colspan="2"|kémū
|colspan="2"|kemámū
|colspan="2"|tómū
|colspan="2"|tomámū
|-
!scope="row"|Locative
|colspan="2"|kóme
|colspan="2"|komáme
|colspan="2"|kéme
|colspan="2"|kemáme
|colspan="2"|tóme
|colspan="2"|tomáme
|-
!scope="row"|Terminative
|colspan="2"|kómə
|colspan="2"|komámə
|colspan="2"|kémə
|colspan="2"|kemámə
|colspan="2"|tómə
|colspan="2"|tomámə
|-
!scope="row"|Comparative
|colspan="2"|kómak
|colspan="2"|komámak
|colspan="2"|kémak
|colspan="2"|kemámak
|colspan="2"|tómak
|colspan="2"|tomámak
|}
The interrogative pronoun "''kétômô''" [which] declines as a normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_III|type III]] adjective.
"''Fáztamô''" [how many] also declines as a normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_III|type III]] adjective.
"''Kénôm''" [whose] declines just as a normal noun and agrees in number and gender with the object to which it refers (by adding "''á''" for feminine and "''û''" for neuter).
===Relative pronouns===
Relative pronouns express relations between the main and dependent clauses of compound sentences.
There are three main relative pronouns in Kihā́mmic "''zémû''" [that], "''kétômô''" [which, who, that] and "''kénôm''" [whose]. "''Zémû''" is indeclinable but "''kétômô''" and "''kénôm''" are variable. Examples of the pronouns uses are given below.
*"She said '''that''' she had forgiven him": "''Gāná zakrazā́ '''zémû''' šôná ayanažā́''"
*"They said '''that''' she had forgiven him": "''Kānamá zakrazā́m '''zémû''' gāná šôná ayanažā́''"
*"Give me the book '''that''' is on the table": "''Eká stagaþố lû́ ázpī '''kétômû''' yón əbráke súi''"
*"Where is the book '''that''' we talked about yesterday?": "''Umná súi lû́ ázpī krā́g '''kétômū''' haiốn əkámô trakázm?''"
*"Those are the men '''who''' I saw yesterday": "''Etámôvan sóim lámô halámô '''kétṓmā''' haiốn ékô bedáž''"
*"He is the man '''whose''' wife worked with me": "''Dán sói lố hálô '''kenômá''' kotá ékû təžazā́''"
Note that after "''zémû''" if the subject of the verb remains the same, the personal pronoun is dropped. "''Kétômô''" agrees with the object to which it refers in gender and number but not in case as it can be used in conjunction with prepositions.
===Demonstrative pronouns===
The demonstrative pronoun "''étômô''" [this] declines as normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_III|type III]] adjective.
"''Étôvan''" [that] declines as a normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_II|type II]] adjective.
"''Étnômô''" [such, suchlike, such as] declines as a normal [[Kihā́mmic#Type_I|type I]] adjective.
All these pronouns agrees in number, gender and case with the noun(s) to which they refer.
===Verbs===
:''See also: [[Kihā́mmic/Verbs|Kihā́mmic verbs]]''
Verbs are conjugated according to tense, number, gender and mood. There are three moods; indicative, conditional and imperative, unlike English or French there is no subjunctive mood.
====Tenses and moods====
=====Indicative mood=====
Kihā́mmic verbs have six tenses in the indicative mood:
#Present (simple)
#Past imperfect
#Past perfect
#Pluperfect
#Future imperfect
#Future perfect
The present indicative is used much as the present tense is in French or Spanish (and also as in English, see also [[#Continuous|continuous]]).
The past imperfect describes an action that occurred in the past and that may also still be going on. The past perfect describes an action in the past that has finished or was a momentary action, such as an explosion. The pluperfect is similar to the perfect but is used to convey actions that are more remote to the present than does the past perfect, it is often used in sequences of tenses.
The future imperfect is used to describe an action that will occur in the future but gives no clue as to whether this action will be completed. The future perfect describes an action that will be completed in the future, this also includes momentary actions.
=====Conditional mood=====
In the conditional mood Kihā́mmic verbs only have two tenses: present and past. The present conditional is used corresponds to the English use of "would" and the conditional past describes actions that would have happened in the past. It is also used in sequences of tense with the pluperfect.
=====Imperative mood=====
The imperative mood is used for commands, as is the imperative in English. It also fulfils a cohortative role, i.e. "Let's...".
====First conjugation, ''-áþ''====
First conjugation verbs have the ending -''áþ'' in the infinitive. For example '''''{{cd|garanáþ}}''''' [to play] is conjugated as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="height: 500px; width: 660px; "
! colspan="5" scope="col" style="text-align: center; "|Conjugation of ''garanáþ'' (to play)
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 132px;"|<u>'''Participles'''</u>
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Present
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''garanámô''
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Past
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''garanázamô''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Singular</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>'''Indicative'''</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanói''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanéi''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanúi''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanáz''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanazā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanazū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''agaranáz''
| style="background-color: white;"|''agaranazā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''agaranazū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyagaranáz''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyagaranazā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyagaranazū́''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantóp''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantopā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantopū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''agarantóp''
| style="background-color: white;"|''agarantopā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''agarantopū́''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranói''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranéi''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranúi''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banagaranáz''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banagaranazā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banagaranazū́''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþá''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþû́''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Plural</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Indicative</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanóim''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanéim''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanúim''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanázm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanazā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanazū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''argaranázm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''argaranazā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''argaranazū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyargaranázm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyargaranazā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyargaranazū́m''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantópm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantopā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garantopū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''argarantópm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''argarantopā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''argarantopū́m''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranóim''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranéim''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bangaranúim''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banargaranázm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banargaranazā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banargaranazū́m''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþmố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþmá''
| style="background-color: white;"|''garanaþmû́''
|}
====Second conjugation, ''-ū́t''====
Second conjugation verbs have the ending -''ū́t'' in the infinitive. For example '''''kasū́t''''' [to drink] is conjugated as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="height: 500px; width: 660px; "
! colspan="5" scope="col" style="text-align: center; "|Conjugation of ''kasū́t'' (to drink)
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 132px;"|<u>'''Participles'''</u>
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Present
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''kasámô''
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Past
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''kasû́samô''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Singular</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>'''Indicative'''</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasû́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûnā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûnī́''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasû́s''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûsā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûsū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasû́s''
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasûsā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasûsū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyakasû́s''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyakasûsā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyakasûsū́''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrót''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrotā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrotū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasrót''
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasrotā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''akasrotū́''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasû́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasûnā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasûnī́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banakasû́s''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banakasûsā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banakasûsū́''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtá''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtû́''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Plural</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Indicative</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasû́nm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûnā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûnī́n''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasû́sn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûsā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasûsū́n''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasû́sn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasûsā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasûsū́n''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarkasû́sn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarkasûsā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarkasûsū́n''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrótn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrotā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasrotū́n''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasrótn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasrotā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arkasrotū́n''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasû́nm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasûnā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''bankasûnī́n''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarkasû́sn''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarkasûsā́n''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarkasûsū́n''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtnố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtná''
| style="background-color: white;"|''kasūtnû́''
|}
====Third conjugation, ''-óš''====
Third conjugation verbs have the ending -''óš'' in the infinitive. For example '''''fûrnóš''''' [to stand (up)] is conjugated as follows:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="height: 500px; width: 660px; "
! colspan="5" scope="col" style="text-align: center; "|Conjugation of ''fûrnóš'' (to stand)
|-
! style="text-align: center; width: 132px;"|<u>'''Participles'''</u>
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Present
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''fûrnámô''
! style="width: 132px; text-align: center;"|Past
| style="width: 132px; background-color: white;"|''fûrnážamô''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Singular</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>'''Indicative'''</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrná''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnû́''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnáž''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnažā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnažū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnáž''
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnažā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnažū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyafûrnáž''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyafûrnažā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyafûrnažū́''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnót''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnotā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnotū́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnót''
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnotā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''afûrnotū́''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrnố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrná''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrnû́''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banafûrnáž''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banafûrnažā́''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banafûrnažū́''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošá''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošû́''
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Plural</u>
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|Gender →
! style="text-align: center;"|Masculine
! style="text-align: center;"|Feminine
! style="text-align: center;"|Neuter
|-
! rowspan="9" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Indicative</u>
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Present
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Simple
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnốm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnám''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnû́m''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Past
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnážm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnažā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnažū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnážm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnažā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnažū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Pluperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarfûrnážm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarfûrnažā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''aiyarfûrnažū́m''
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;"|Future
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Imperfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnótm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnotā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnotū́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Perfect
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnótm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnotā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''arfûrnotū́m''
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Conditional</u>
! style="text-align: center;"|Present
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrnốm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrnám''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banfûrnû́m''
|-
! style="text-align: center;"|Past
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarfûrnážm''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarfûrnažā́m''
| style="background-color: white;"|''banarfûrnažū́m''
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|<u>Imperative</u>
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošmố''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošmá''
| style="background-color: white;"|''fûrnošmû́''
|}
====Voices====
There are three voices in Kihā́mmic, the active, the dynamic passive and the static passive.
=====Active voice=====
The active voice is unmarked in Kihā́mmic.
=====Dynamic passive voice=====
Kihā́mmic has two passive voices, the first of which is the dynamic passive. It is formed by placing the particle ''pṓl'' before the appropriate verb. For example:
"I burn": ''Ékô rātố''
"I am burnt": ''Ékô pṓl rātố''
"I have burnt": ''Ékô arātáž''
"I have been burnt": ''Ékô pṓl arātáž''
"I will burn": ''Ékô fûrnót''
"I will be burnt": ''Ékô pṓl fûrnót''
The dynamic passive is used in phrases such as "I am burnt every time I go in the sun", more commonly expressed in modern English as "I get burnt every time I go in the sun".
=====Static passive voice=====
The second passive is the static passive. It is constructed just as the passive voice in English and French – by using the appropriate tense of "to be" followed by the past participle of the verb that is to be in the passive. E.g.:
"I am burnt": ''Ékô sói rātážamô''
"I have been burnt": ''Ékô atáz rātážamô''
"I will be burnt": ''Ékô tróp rātážamô''
====Continuous====
Although Kihā́mmic has no aspects per se, there is a continuous particle that indicates that the verb has a continuous "aspect". The particle "aklá" is placed before the verb, for example:
"I play": ''Ékô garanói''
"I am playing": ''Ékô aklá garanói''
"I have played": ''Ékô agaranáz''
"I have been playing": ''Ékô aklá agaranáz''
"I will play": ''Ékô garantóp''
"I will be playing": ''Ékô aklá garantóp''
This continuous particle is normally reserved for more formal usage, such as novels.
====Gnomic====
The gnomic form of a verb conveys a generic sort of aspect (e.g. "birds fly", "to err is human") is made by simply removing the infinitive ending. When the stressed infinitive ending is removed the stress moves to the final syllable. Thus "''yanóš''" [to forgive] becomes "''yán''"; e.g. "''Yán, súi dā́žamû''" - "To forgive is divine". The gnomic form is invariable.
====Reflexives====
Reflexive verbs are produced the same way as reflexive pronouns, i.e. the suffix -''ná'' is added to the end of a conjugated verb in the singular pronouns and -''nám'' in the plural. After certain consonant clusters -''əná'' and -''ənám'' are added.
====Polarity====
Verbs are negated by ''bán'' [not] accompanying the verb, normally proceeding it in order to avoid confusion with the conditional mood.
For example, "''ékô lóbō bán kasū́t vī́nā'''' [I don't like to drink wine].
Verbs may be strongly affirmed in the same way, but using ''kī́'' [yes] instead. For example, "''ôyán Kû́bé ékô vṓz kī́''" [I did indeed go to Cuba].
====Irregular verbs====
There are only eleven irregular verbs in Kihā́mmic, they are:
#''{{cd|sád}} '': to be
#''{{cd|ímat}}'': to have
#''{{cd|venád}}'': to go
#''{{cd|libád}}'': to like
#''{{cd|hotád}}'': to want
#''{{cd|mégač}}'': to be able
#''{{cd|snarát}}'': to know [something]
#''{{cd|námač}}'': to have to [moral obligation]
#''{{cd|koslát}}'': to need [urgent need]
#''{{cd|akáfad}}'': to kill
#''{{cd|šônát}}'': to run
===Adverbs===
Adverbs are formed by replacing the adjective in question's ending with a corresponding adverbial ending.
*Type I adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''nômô''. This ending is replaced by the adverbial ending -''nō''.
*Type II adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''ôvan''. This is replaced by -''ôvā''.
*Type III adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''amô'' or -''ômô'' (but not -''nômô''). These are replaced by -''ā'' and -''ō'' respectively.
*Type IV adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''atī́zô'', which is replaced by -''átzō''.
*Type V adjectives have the standard singular masculine ending -''ónsô'', which is replaced by -''ónō''.
===Word order===
Kihā́mmic has the basic word order object-subject-verb or subject-verb-object in transitive clauses, but has a freer word order in intransitive clauses. However, word order can also be rather varied in transitive clauses. For example, the intransitive phrase "''ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô ékô džố''" [I went into the big building] is shown in its default word order (OSV, i.e. [into the big building I went]. This sentence can also be arranged in twelve different ways, whilst still remaining grammatically correct:
#''Ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô ékô džố.'' (neutral)
#''Ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô ékô džố.'' (focus on ''hótô'')
#''Ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô džố ékô.'' (focus on ''ékô'')
#''Ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô džố ékô.'' (focus on ''ékô'' and ''hótô'')
#''Ékô džố ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô.'' (focus on ''ékô'')
#''Ékô džố ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô.'' (focus on ''ékô'' and ''ránômô'')
#''Ékô ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô džố.'' (focus on ''ékô'' and ''džố'')
#''Ékô ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô džố.'' (focus on ''ékô'', ''džố'' and ''hótô'')
#''Džố ékô ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô.'' (focus on ''džố'')
#''Džố ékô ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô.'' (focus on ''džố'' and ''hótô'')
#''Džố ôyû́n lố ránômô hótô ékô.'' (focus on ''džố'' and ''ékô'')
#''Džố ôyû́n lố hótô ránômô ékô.'' (focus on ''džố'', ''ékô'' and ''hótô'')
Though word order is variable prepositions are tied to the compliment as adjectives are tied to theirs, however adjectives may be placed before or after the corresponding nouns. Articles are also somewhat restricted; they must always precede the corresponding noun in the phrase, but, depending on the order of other words applying to the noun, may not be directly next to it. The word order varies the focus of the sentence, the primary focus being initial and secondary focus being final.
An example of the standard order of a transitive sentence is shown below:
:"Joseph<sup>NOM</sup> gave Mary's<sup>GEN</sup> book<sup>ACC</sup>, which he'd read half''<sup>ACC</sup>'' of at school<sup>PREP</sup> from Monday<sup>ABL</sup> to Thursday<sup>TERM</sup>, to Stephen<sup>ALL</sup> across the table<sup>INST</sup>, which was a brownish colour<sup>COMP</sup>."
:"''Yôfán''<sup>NOM</sup>'' stagáz Mā́rī''<sup>GEN</sup>'' azpīá''<sup>ACC</sup>'', kétômī šốn aiyahazbáz gûlá''<sup>ACC</sup>'' yán əkghále''<sup>PREP</sup>'' nán zûklá''<sup>ABL</sup>'' yû́nə kû́rklə ''<sup>TERM</sup>'', ôyán Īzvánô''<sup>ALL</sup>'' ûkrā́ əbrákû''<sup>INST</sup>'', kétômô táz ának dorák kófnômak''<sup>COMP</sup>''.''"
==Numerals==
===Cardinal===
Cardinal numbers are used to denote quantity, they are counting numbers. Cardinals are treated as nouns and decline as such.
N.B.:
*After articles the noun is in the nominative case.
*After zero the genitive plural is used.
*The genitive singular is used between one and nine.
*From ten onwards the genitive plural is used again.
E.g.:
*''án knát'' (''a nation'')
*''anám knatám'' (''some nations'')
*''ikhá knatámī'' (''zero nations'')
*''zún knátī'' (''one nation'')
*''vín knátī'' (''nine nations'')
*''ezá knatámī'' (''ten nations'')
*''khû́l knatámī'' (''a''/''one hundred nations'')
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Cardinal numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|0
| style="text-align: center;"|ikhá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1
| style="text-align: center;"|zún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2
| style="text-align: center;"|dočá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|3
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|4
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|5
| style="text-align: center;"|préik
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|6
| style="text-align: center;"|šôná
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|7
| style="text-align: center;"|zén
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|8
| style="text-align: center;"|kitá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|9
| style="text-align: center;"|vín
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10
| style="text-align: center;"|ezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|11
| style="text-align: center;"|ezazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|12
| style="text-align: center;"|ezadočá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|18
| style="text-align: center;"|ezakitá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|20
| style="text-align: center;"|dočezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|21
| style="text-align: center;"|dočezazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|22
| style="text-align: center;"|dočezadočá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|30
| style="text-align: center;"|tōkezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|40
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|50
| style="text-align: center;"|preikezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|60
| style="text-align: center;"|šônezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|70
| style="text-align: center;"|zenezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|80
| style="text-align: center;"|kitezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|90
| style="text-align: center;"|vinezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100
| style="text-align: center;"|khû́l
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|101
| style="text-align: center;"|khûlzún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|110
| style="text-align: center;"|khûlezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|111
| style="text-align: center;"|khûlezazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|200
| style="text-align: center;"|dočákhû́l
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|300
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|400
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrákhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|500
| style="text-align: center;"|préikhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|600
| style="text-align: center;"|šônákhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|700
| style="text-align: center;"|zénkhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|800
| style="text-align: center;"|kitákhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|900
| style="text-align: center;"|vínkhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000
| style="text-align: center;"|talá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,001
| style="text-align: center;"|talazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,010
| style="text-align: center;"|talezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,011
| style="text-align: center;"|talezazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,100
| style="text-align: center;"|talákhûl
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,101
| style="text-align: center;"|talakhûlzún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,110
| style="text-align: center;"|talakhûlezá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,111
| style="text-align: center;"|talakhûlezazún
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2,000
| style="text-align: center;"|dočatalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|3,000
| style="text-align: center;"|tōktalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10,000
| style="text-align: center;"|ezatalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|20,000
| style="text-align: center;"|dočezatalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|30,000
| style="text-align: center;"|tōkezatalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100,000
| style="text-align: center;"|khûltalá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000
| style="text-align: center;"|niklón
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000,000
| style="text-align: center;"|sátron
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000,000,000
| style="text-align: center;"|yitā́rən
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|∞
| style="text-align: center;"|čégkhat
|}
===Ordinal===
Ordinal numbers expresses the relative position of an item in an ordered sequence. They are used adjectives and decline accordingly. All are [[#Type_III|type III]] adjectives with the exception of hundredth, which is [[#Type_I|type I]].
In Kihā́mmic Latin ordinals are abbreviated by following the number with the case ending in super-script, however the pluralisation infix is ignored:
*Nominative singular: ''Lố 1<sup>ô</sup> yégan'' (''The first king'')
*Nominative plural: ''Lámô 1<sup>ô</sup> yeganám'' (''The first kings'')
*Accusative singular: ''Lôá 1<sup>ôá</sup> yeganá''
*Genitive singular: ''Lī́ 1<sup>ī</sup> yéganī''
*Ablative singular: ''Lá 1<sup>á</sup> yeganá''
*Allative singular: ''Lố 1<sup>ô</sup> yéganô''
*Instrumental singular: ''Lû́ 1<sup>û</sup> yéganû''
*Locative singular: ''Lé 1<sup>e</sup> yégane''
*Terminative singular: ''Lə́ 1<sup>ə</sup> yéganə''
*Comparative singular: ''Lák 1<sup>ak</sup> yéganak''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Ordinal numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1<sup>st</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|zúnamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|2<sup>nd</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|dočámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|3<sup>rd</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|4<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|5<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|préikamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|6<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|šônámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|7<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|zénamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|8<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|kitámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|9<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|vínamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|ezámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|11<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|ezazúnamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|12<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|ezadočámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|20<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|dočezámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|khû́lnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|talámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|10,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|ezatalámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|100,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|khûltalámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|niklónamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|sátronamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|1,000,000,000,000<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|yitā́rənamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|n<sup>th</sup>
| style="text-align: center;"|čégkhamô
|}
===Adverbial===
Adverbial numbers are used to show the repetition of a certain event or to expresses a countable number of times. Since they are ([[#Adverbs|type III]]) adverbs they do not decline.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Adverbial numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|never
| style="text-align: center;"|ikhā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|once
| style="text-align: center;"|zúnā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|twice
| style="text-align: center;"|dočā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|thrice
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|four times
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|five times
| style="text-align: center;"|préikā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|six times
| style="text-align: center;"|šôná ōkûlám
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|infinitely
| style="text-align: center;"|čégkhā
|}
===Multiplier===
A multiplier number indicates the number of times something is to be multiplied. As with ordinal numbers, multiplier numbers are used adjectives and decline accordingly. They are all [[#Type_II|type II]] adjectives
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Multiplier numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|single
| style="text-align: center;"|zúnôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|double
| style="text-align: center;"|dočákôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|treble
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quadruple
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrákôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quintuple
| style="text-align: center;"|préikôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|sextuple
| style="text-align: center;"|šônákôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|septuple
| style="text-align: center;"|zénôvan
|}
===Distributive===
A distributive number is an adverb that answers "how many times each?" or "how many at a time?".
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Distributive numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|singly
| style="text-align: center;"|zúnôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|doubly
| style="text-align: center;"|dočákôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|trebly
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quadruply
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrákôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quintuply
| style="text-align: center;"|préikôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|sextuply
| style="text-align: center;"|šônákôvā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|septuply
| style="text-align: center;"|zénôvā
|}
===Collective===
Collective numerals are used to emphasise the cohesiveness of a group, cf. English "a quartet of musicians" vs "four musicians". Collective numerals only exist for the numbers two to nine. The collective forms of five to nine are rarely used.
All collective numerals require the genitive plural.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Collective numbers''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|duo
| style="text-align: center;"|dočkû́n
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|trio
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓkûn
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quartet
| style="text-align: center;"|kûrkû́n
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|quintet
| style="text-align: center;"|préikûn
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|sextet
| style="text-align: center;"|šônkû́n
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|septet
| style="text-align: center;"|zénkûn
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|octet
| style="text-align: center;"|kitkû́n
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|nonet
| style="text-align: center;"|vínkûn
|}
===Fractional===
Fractional numbers (such as a third, a quarter and a fifth) are formed simply by preceding the numerator as a cardinal number followed by the denominator as an ordinal number in the plural. For example "two fifths" translates as "''dočá preikámamô''". The only exception to this rule is "half" which is "''gû́l''" (or the more literary "''gát''").
==Ages==
In Kihā́mmic ages are expressed by putting the appropriate pronoun in the allative case, following this by the number of years, as well as "''û́tû''" [year] (declined appropriately). This is preceded by "''sád''" [to be] conjugated according to tense and number. For example:
I am 18 years old: ''Ékōsúim 18 ûtámī''
She was 22 years old: ''Gā́nô tazū́m 22 ûtámī''
==Months of the year==
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Months of the year''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|month
| style="text-align: center;"|ônốklûge
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|year
| style="text-align: center;"|û́tû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|January
| style="text-align: center;"|kāžánôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|February
| style="text-align: center;"|žáûnôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|March
| style="text-align: center;"|rīnánôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|April
| style="text-align: center;"|fûigánôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|May
| style="text-align: center;"|ázknôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|June
| style="text-align: center;"|mádnôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|July
| style="text-align: center;"|ódnôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|August
| style="text-align: center;"|Þélknôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|September
| style="text-align: center;"|bátnôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|October
| style="text-align: center;"|átəlnôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|November
| style="text-align: center;"|īfánôk
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|December
| style="text-align: center;"|fávenôk
|}
To say in a certain month the preposition "''yû́n''" (followed by the locative case) comes before the month. For example, "in January" translates as "''yû́n kāžánôke''".
==Days of the week==
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Days of the week''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|day
| style="text-align: center;"|klûré
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|week
| style="text-align: center;"|klūgé
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Monday
| style="text-align: center;"|zû́klû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Tuesday
| style="text-align: center;"|dóčklû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Wednesday
| style="text-align: center;"|tṓklû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Thursday
| style="text-align: center;"|kû́rklû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Friday
| style="text-align: center;"|préiklû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Saturday
| style="text-align: center;"|šốnklû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Sunday
| style="text-align: center;"|zénklû
|}
To say on a particular day the preposition "''yû́n''" (followed by the locative case) comes before the day. For example, "on Monday" translates as "''yû́n zû́kle''".
==Dates==
==="What date is it?"===
To simply say what the date is, i.e. to answer the question "What date is it?", the appropriate [[#Ordinal|ordinal number]] in the nominative is placed before the month in the genitive case. If desired the year is then placed afterwards, which is simply a cardinal number, also in the genitive case. A few examples are given below:
What date is it?: ''Tómû súi lû́ zóklû?''
*9<sup>th</sup> December 2010: ''Lố vínamô fávenôkī dočatalezī́ (Lố 9<sup>ô</sup> fávenôkī 2010)''
*11<sup>th</sup> January 1957: ''Lố ezazúnamô kāžánôkī talavinkhûlpreikezazén (Lố 11<sup>ô</sup> kāžánôkī 1957)''
*27<sup>th</sup> August 1883: ''Lố dočezazénamô Þélknôk talakitkhûlkitezatṓk (Lố 27<sup>ô</sup> Þélknôkī 1883)''
==="When?"===
To say "on" a date, that is to answer the question "When?" or "On what date?", the preposition "''yû́n''" is followed by the desired date in the locative case (that is only the article and ordinal number). See the examples below:
On what date?: ''Yû́n tóme zókle?''
*On 9<sup>th</sup> December 2010: ''Yû́n lé víname fávenôkī dočatalezī́ (Yû́n lé 9<sup>e</sup> fávenôkī 2010)''
*On 11<sup>th</sup> January 1957: ''Yû́n lé ezazúname kāžánôkī talavinkhûlpreikezazén (Yû́n lé 11<sup>e</sup> kāžánôkī 1957)''
*On 27<sup>th</sup> August 1883: ''Yû́n lé dočezazéname Þélknôk talakitkhûlkitezatṓk (Yû́n lé 27<sup>e</sup> Þélknôkī 1883)''
==Times==
==="What time is it?"===
To give the time, answering the question "What time is it?", the number of hours is followed by "''é''" [and] and the number of minutes. The twenty-four hour clock is always used. The words "''ôlá''" [hour] and "''bə́ts''" [minute] following the appropriate numbers are optional. Some examples are shown below:
What time is it?: ''Tómû sói lố džā́z?''
*One o'clock (01:00): ''Zún ôlá (1ô)''
*Seven o'clock (07:00): ''Zén ôlī́ (7ô)''
*Ten o'clock (10:00): ''Ezá ôlámī (10ô)''
*Half past two (14:30): ''Ezakûrá ôlámī é tōkezá bətsámī (14ô30b)''
*Quarter to four (15:45): ''Ezapréik ôlámī é kûrezapréik bətsámī (15ô45b)''
*Twenty-three minutes to eight (19:37): ''Ezavín ôlámī é tōkezazén bətsámī (19ô37b)''
"''Táin''" [second] may also be added when desired, in this case rather than using "''é''" in the first instance "''ī́''" is used, as in all lists (this is in fact the equivalent of English using a comma in a list).
==="When?"===
To answer the question "When?" or "What time?" the preposition "''yán''" is followed by the cardinal numbers in the locative case. See below for examples:
What time?: ''Yán tóme džā́ze?''
*At ten o'clock (At 10:00): ''Yán ezé ôlámī (Yán 10ô)''
*At half past two (At 14:30): ''Yán ezakûré ôlámī é tōkezé bətsámī (Yán 14ô30b)''
*At twenty-three minutes to eight (At 19:37): ''Yán ezavíne ôlámī é tōkezazéne bətsámī (Yán 19ô37b)''
==Seasons==
===Traditional===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 300px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Traditional seasons''
|-
! style="width: 150px; "|Number
! style="width: 150px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|spring
| style="text-align: center;"|betkán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|summer
| style="text-align: center;"|kāžkán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|autumn
| style="text-align: center;"|atəlkán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|winter
| style="text-align: center;"|hānkán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in spring
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n betkáne
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in summer
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n kāžkáne
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in autumn
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n atəlkáne
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in winter
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n hānkáne
|}
===Kihā́mmic===
Due to the climate in Kihāmát, there are effectively only two seasons, the hot and wet season and the cold and dry season.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 400px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Kihā́mmic seasons''
|-
! style="width: 200px; "|Number
! style="width: 200px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Kihā́mmic hot season
| style="text-align: center;"|kāžnká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|Kihā́mmic cold season
| style="text-align: center;"|odnká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in the Kihā́mmic hot season
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n kāžnké
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in the Kihā́mmic cold season
| style="text-align: center;"|yû́n odnké
|}
N.B.: The terms "''kāžnká''" and "''odnká''" are usually Anglicised as "Kazhenka" and "Odenka" respectively (pronounced [ˈkɑːʒəŋkə] and [ˈɒdəŋkə]).
==Names==
In Kihā́mmic and Panlaffic culture people's names are constructed quite differently from most other forms of naming. There are four parts to a name: two personal names and a "family" name made up of a patronymic and a matronymic.
Personal names conform to normal case requirements. Since patronymics and matronymics are all ready in the genitive case so a hyphen is added then the appropriate case ending is added. The patronymic and matronymic are joined together with a hyphen. Today there is a mixture of names that come from Old Kihā́mmic and as well as adapted newer names from Europe. When foreign names are used in Kihā́mmic the names are either translated if there is an equivalent in Kihā́mmic or simply transliterated. An example name is that of Kihāmát's current Premier:
''Īzván Rátkan Yôfánī-Mā́rī''
[iːzˈvan ˈɹatkan joˈfaniːˈmɑːɾiː]
This name translates as:
Īzván Rátkan, son of Yôfán, son of Mā́re
For an example of an older pre-European names such as that of the former royal families, who also had a surname, which was the name of the royal house to which they belonged. For example the last King of [[conworld:Kingdom of Kihāmát|Kihāmát]] was named:
''Yégan Gázāron Úktef Pátûnī-Kélþī Lanəkámī''
[ˈjegan ˈgazɑːɾɒn ˈʊktɛf ˈpatuniː ˈkɛɫðiː lanəˈkamiː]
King Gázāron Úktef, son of Pátûn, son of Kelþá, House of Lánəkû
==Vocabulary==
===Colours===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Colours''
|-
! style="width: 250px; "|English
! style="width: 250px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|red
| style="text-align: center;"|vílnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|orange
| style="text-align: center;"|čúknômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|yellow
| style="text-align: center;"|góitamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|green
| style="text-align: center;"|bétnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|blue
| style="text-align: center;"|hā́štômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|purple
| style="text-align: center;"|líbôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|black
| style="text-align: center;"|nīnónsô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|white
| style="text-align: center;"|ánômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|grey
| style="text-align: center;"|ánīnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|silver
| style="text-align: center;"|ášnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|gold
| style="text-align: center;"|Þélkamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|brown
| style="text-align: center;"|kófnômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|pink
| style="text-align: center;"|zéknômô
|}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! style="text-align: center;"|''Colour chart''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[File:Kihā́mmic colours.png|490px]]
|}
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! style="text-align: center;"|''Colour spectrum''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[File:Kihā́mmic spectrum.png|490px]]
|}
===Conjunctions===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Conjunctions''
|-
! style="width: 250px; "|English
! style="width: 250px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|after
| style="text-align: center;"|kīnā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|albeit
| style="text-align: center;"|šasúi
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|although, though
| style="text-align: center;"|šā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|and
| style="text-align: center;"|é
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as
| style="text-align: center;"|yā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as a result, consequently
| style="text-align: center;"|étrak
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as if
| style="text-align: center;"|dák
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as soon as
| style="text-align: center;"|þátak
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as though
| style="text-align: center;"|šák
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|as well as
| style="text-align: center;"|éyak
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|because (of), due to
| style="text-align: center;"|paškomá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|before
| style="text-align: center;"|tā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|but
| style="text-align: center;"|kón
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|either… or…
| style="text-align: center;"|íkrak … ī́k…
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|except
| style="text-align: center;"|mī́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|how
| style="text-align: center;"|fáz
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|however
| style="text-align: center;"|yokōrá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|if
| style="text-align: center;"|dái
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|in order
| style="text-align: center;"|étkā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|lest, else
| style="text-align: center;"|náskā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|let alone
| style="text-align: center;"|bā́ ontā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|like
| style="text-align: center;"|fázak
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|neither… nor…
| style="text-align: center;"|báikrak… bā́…
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|now
| style="text-align: center;"|tapyā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|once
| style="text-align: center;"|sának
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|or
| style="text-align: center;"|ī́k
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|provided that
| style="text-align: center;"|sakû́s kā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|rather than
| style="text-align: center;"|mīná kā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|since, for
| style="text-align: center;"|pafázak
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|so
| style="text-align: center;"|étrā
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|than
| style="text-align: center;"|kā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|that
| style="text-align: center;"|zémû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|unless
| style="text-align: center;"|mī́ dái
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|until
| style="text-align: center;"|yûnā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|when
| style="text-align: center;"|sanā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|whence, (from) where
| style="text-align: center;"|nanumná
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|where
| style="text-align: center;"|umná
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|whereas
| style="text-align: center;"|umtrā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|whether… or…
| style="text-align: center;"|dakā́… ī́k…
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|whilst, while, as long as
| style="text-align: center;"|ətanā́
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|whither, (to) where
| style="text-align: center;"|ônumná
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|yet
| style="text-align: center;"|kóntrā
|}
===Contionary===
[[:Category:Kihā́mmic words|Kihā́mmic]]:
*[[:Category:Kihā́mmic nouns|nouns]]
*[[:Category:Kihā́mmic verbs|verbs]]
===Kinship===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Kinship''
|-
! style="width: 250px; "|English
! style="width: 250px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|family
| style="text-align: center;"|éhalge
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|parent
| style="text-align: center;"|rastrónt
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|child
| style="text-align: center;"|zū́zû
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|father
| style="text-align: center;"|dárat
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|mother
| style="text-align: center;"|mabá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|brother
| style="text-align: center;"|hančók
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|sister
| style="text-align: center;"|anšká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|son
| style="text-align: center;"|múskô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|daughter
| style="text-align: center;"|beká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|husband
| style="text-align: center;"|mû́k
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|wife
| style="text-align: center;"|kotá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|grand-father
| style="text-align: center;"|dômárat
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|grand-mother
| style="text-align: center;"|dômabá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|grand-son
| style="text-align: center;"|dômúskô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|grand-daughter
| style="text-align: center;"|dômeká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|cousin (''m'')
| style="text-align: center;"|kəšrố
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|cousin (''f'')
| style="text-align: center;"|kəšrá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|uncle
| style="text-align: center;"|čáčô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|aunt
| style="text-align: center;"|džûdá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|nephew
| style="text-align: center;"|brál
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|niece
| style="text-align: center;"|bralá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|step-father
| style="text-align: center;"|nádrat
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|step-mother
| style="text-align: center;"|nambá
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|step-son
| style="text-align: center;"|námskô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|step-daughter
| style="text-align: center;"|namká
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|twin (''m'')
| style="text-align: center;"|tákûp
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|twin (''f'')
| style="text-align: center;"|tákûpe
|}
===Points of the compass===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Points of the compass''
|-
! style="width: 250px; "|English
! style="width: 250px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|north
| style="text-align: center;"|upán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|east
| style="text-align: center;"|rūþán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|south
| style="text-align: center;"|nonán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|west
| style="text-align: center;"|fnán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|north-east
| style="text-align: center;"|uparūþán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|south-east
| style="text-align: center;"|nonarūþán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|south-west
| style="text-align: center;"|nonafnán
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|noth-west
| style="text-align: center;"|upafnán
|}
===Swadesh list===
{{swadesh
|nativename = kihāmatī́zô tárak
|language = Kihā́mmic
|I = ékô
|you (singular) = dán
|he = šốn
|we = əkámô
|you (plural) = tanám
|they = žônám
|this = étômô
|that = étôvan
|here = imná
|there = omná
|who = kémû
|what = kómû
|where = umná
|when = sanā́
|how = fáz
|not = bán
|all = tôván
|many = stág
|some = anám
|few = ədás
|other = kátrômô
|one = zún
|two = dočá
|three = tṓk
|four = kûrá
|five = préik
|big = ránômô
|long = laā́mômô
|wide = kāpónsô
|thick = angkhámô
|heavy = þúdômô
|small = málnômô
|short = dénômô
|narrow = žā́rôvan
|thin = doámô
|woman = evmá
|man (adult male) = hálô
|man (human being) = éhalû
|child = zū́zû
|wife = kotá
|husband = mû́k
|mother = mabá
|father = dárat
|animal = aták
|fish = rīná
|bird = īfá
|dog = gốt
|louse = lūgá
|snake = zébô
|worm = čabá
|tree = ečá
|forest = íztāk
|stick = klé
|fruit = fûigá
|seed = bót
|leaf = átəl
|root = yát
|bark = klû́d
|flower = šūriá
|grass = lafá
|rope = táp
|skin = béld
|meat = fandé
|blood = zánk
|bone = takī́
|fat = lúp
|egg = yék
|horn = gā́b
|tail = gká
|feather = vōpá
|hair = záv
|head = kápt
|ear = orán
|eye = čû́
|nose = nūšá
|mouth = otá
|tooth = nánû
|tongue = tárûk
|fingernail = ongá
|foot = pádû
|leg = džánû
|knee = épon
|hand = mánt
|wing = vólt
|belly = dū́m
|guts = okrənám
|neck = kûl
|back = dozá
|breast = sénse
|heart = gərá
|liver = yûnī́
|drink = kasū́t
|eat = karóš
|bite = gašū́t
|stand = fûrnóš
|turn = pahebnóš
|full = parlū́t
|sing = aináþ
|play = garanáþ
|sun = kāžá
|moon = ốnô
|star = kāžá
|water = ográ
|rain = žáû
|river = paná
|lake = klôná
|sea = zûná
|salt = sintá
|stone = dól
|sand = zā́þ
|dust = úþ
|earth = ûþál
|cloud = flû́v
|fog = ód
|sky = hā́n
|wind = fáve
|snow = gáš
|ice = glós
|smoke = rū́n
|fire = rā́t
|ash = uþrá
|burn = rātóš
|road = lā́g
|mountain = klāvá
|red = vílnômô
|green = bétnômô
|yellow = žólnômô
|white = álnômô
|black = nī́nômô
|night = mád
|day = klûré
|year = û́tû
|warm = káþômô
|cold = hānômô
|full = patī́zô
|new = námô
|old = dốmô
|good = batī́zô
|bad = ítôvan
|rotten = pûtázamô
|dirty = sélnômô
|straight = lánômô
|round = sônatī́zô
|sharp = zápôvan
|dull = þrənámô
|smooth = zū́þômô
|wet = ókramô
|dry = ázkôvan
|correct = ranatī́zô
|near = klūsā́
|far = dálžā
|right = polá
|left = nalá
|at = yán
|in = yû́n
|with = sū́
|and = é
|if = dái
|because = paškomá
|name = tīdá
|see = bedóš
|know = snarát
|think = pridumstáþ
|live = vežáþ
|kill = akáfad
|say = zakráþ
|languagecount = 1
}}
===Weather phrases===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" style="width: 500px; "
! colspan="2" style=" text-align: center; |''Weather phrases''
|-
! style="width: 250px; "|English
! style="width: 250px; "|Kihā́mmic
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|What's the weather like?
| style="text-align: center;"|Fáz sói lố žák?
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|It's warm
| style="text-align: center;"|Ītī́ súi káþômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... cold
| style="text-align: center;"|... hā́nômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... fine
| style="text-align: center;"|... batī́zô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... bad
| style="text-align: center;"|... ítôvan
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... windy
| style="text-align: center;"|... fávenômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... sunny
| style="text-align: center;"|... kāžámô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... foggy
| style="text-align: center;"|... ódamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... cloudy
| style="text-align: center;"|... flû́vômô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... stormy
| style="text-align: center;"|... džátstamô
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... raining
| style="text-align: center;"|Lû́ žáû (aklá) parlûsū́; Ītī́ žaûnúi
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|... snowing
| style="text-align: center;"|Lố gáš (aklá) parlû́s; Ītī́ gašúi
|}
==Featured banner==
Though this language has not yet been [[Forum:Featured conlang|voted]] as a [[:Category:Featured|featured]] conlang, I hope that one day it will be and so have provided a translation of the [[Template:Featured|featured banner]] here.
Kihā́mmic:
:'''Étômô tárak kraglošáz zúnā.'''
:'''Šốn atáz spratážamô sád kraglošázamô sûčā́ šốnûmī batī́stûnī kālóī, kaiþástûnī é izbanûnámī méčstûnī.'''
Gloss:
:This language was featured [lit: "made important"] once.
:It has been chosen [or "voted"] to be featured because of [or "thanks to"] its level of quality [lit: "goodness"], plausibility [lit: "truthfulness"] and useful ability [lit: "ableness"].
English:
:This language was once featured.
:This language has been voted as featured thanks to its level of quality, plausibility and usage capabilities.
==External links==
*[[wikkii:Kihā́mmic|Kihā́mmic on Wikkii]] (''mirror site'')
*[[frath:Kihā́mmic|Kihā́mmic on FrathWiki]] (''mirror site'')
*[[conlangwikia:Kihā́mmic|Kihā́mmic on Wikia]] (''mirror site'')
*[[conworld:Kihāmát|Kihāmát on Wikia]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
{{Template:Panlaffic}}
{{Template:Kihā́mmic}}
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/2438"