Verse:Irta/Icelandic Gaelic: Difference between revisions

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'''Irish in the [[Albionian]] timeline''' has absorbed significant Slavic (i.e. [[Albionian]]) influence, and Slavic elements even penetrated grammar and grammatical morphemes.


==History==
The nineteenth-century Irish National Revival movement involved associating the Irish language, Catholicism and anti-Albionian sentiment with Irish national identity. The program included purifying the Irish language by removing Slavic words and morphology and incorporating elements from older stages of Irish. However, the purism was not entirely successful, as Slavic had already deeply influenced the colloquial language.
Today's Irish is a compromise between the artificially purified Irish and the colloquial, partly creolized Irish of that period. Inherited Celtic words are more common in the literary language, while Slavic and English words are more common in the colloquial language.
==Todo==
''beidḃéid'' (m) = bear (from Slavic, plus ''mh/bh'' confusion)
Default verbing suffix is ''-uaiġ'' (''-uaim, -uair, -uann sé, -uaimid, -uaiṫid, -uann siad'', verbnoun: literary ''-úḋ'', usually ''-uainí''), from Slavic ''-ovati'' verbs
*e.g. ''companuaiġ'' = to compose music (From Albionian ''componowaṫ''), ''companuainí'' 'composition'
*e.g. ''zachuaiġ'' = to behave
*Swearwords of Slavic origin:
**''pamboize'' 'Jesus'
**''Cad é sin, páizneásach?'' = 'what the hell is that?'
**''probaga'' (expresses exasperation)
**''taicigreuch'' 'for shame! bummer!'
*''buaiḃí'' = 'who knows' (Also in standard colloquial language)
*Some function words were replaced by shorter Slavic equivalents:
**''cuail, cuaile'' + genitive 'because of' (from Slavic *kŭ voľi) instead of ''mar gheall ar''
Slender r = Czech ř
==Nouns==
The neuter gender and dative plural ''-aiḃ'' is preserved but there are fewer declension classes. The nominative plural of masculines and feminines is uniformly ''-(a)i'' /ɪ/ (by Slavic influence) and plural of neuters is usually ''-a''.
The indefinite article is ''den'' (from ''den'' 'from the' + Slavic *edìn 'one'); it or lack thereof is part of the case/number/gender declension.
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| ''fear'' (m.) = man
! colspan=2| ''stránca'' (f.) = bulletin board
! colspan=2| ''sceul'' (n.) = story, news
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''den fear''<br/>''an fear'' ||''fearai''<br/>''ant fearai''
|''dent stránca''<br/>''ant stránca'' ||''stráncai''<br/>''na stráncai''
|''den sceul''<br/>''an sceul''  ||''sceula''<br/>''na sceula''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''dent fhear''<br/>''ant ḟear''  ||''fear''<br/>''na ḃfearaiḃ''
|''dena stránca''<br/>''na stránca'' ||''stránca''<br/>''na stráncaiḃ''
|''dent sceul''<br/>''ant sceul'' ||''sceul''<br/>''na sceulaiḃ''
|-
|align="right" |'''Prepositional'''
|''dent fear''<br/>''ant fear''  ||''fearaiḃ''<br/>''na fearaiḃ''
|''dent stránca''<br/>''ant stránca'' ||''stráncaiḃ''<br/>''na stráncaiḃ''
|''dent sceul''<br/>''ant sceul'' ||''sceulaiḃ''<br/>''na sceulaiḃ''
|}
Nouns that end in long vowels decline as follows:
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| ''staiḃiní'' (n.) = (slang) police office
|-
!
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''den staiḃiní''<br/>''an staiḃiní''  ||''staiḃiní''<br/>''na staiḃiní''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''dent staiḃiní''<br/>''ant staiḃiní'' ||''staiḃiní''<br/>''na staiḃiníḃ''
|-
|align="right" |'''Prepositional'''
|''dent staiḃiní''<br/>''ant staiḃiní'' ||''staiḃiníḃ''<br/>''na staiḃiníḃ''
|}
Adjectives only change in the dative plural (ignoring initial mutation):
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| After masculine
! colspan=2| After feminine
! colspan=2| After neuter
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''den fear '''b'''eag'' ||''fearai '''b'''eag''
|''dent stránca '''ḃ'''eag'' ||''stráncai '''b'''eag''
|''den sceul '''mb'''eag''  ||''sceula '''ḃ'''eag''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''dent fhear '''ḃ'''eag''  ||''fear '''mb'''eag''
|''dena stránca '''b'''eag'' ||''stránca '''mb'''eag''
|''dent sceul '''ḃ'''eag'' ||''sceul '''mb'''eag''
|-
|align="right" |'''Prepositional'''
|''dent fear '''ḃ'''eag''  ||''fearaiḃ '''b'''eagaiḃ''
|''dent stránca '''ḃ'''eag'' ||''stráncaiḃ '''b'''eagaiḃ''
|''dent sceul '''ḃ'''eag'' ||''sceulaiḃ '''b'''eagaiḃ''
|}
[[Category:Celtic languages]]

Revision as of 21:59, 4 December 2021

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