Riagi: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 21:18, 25 July 2014
Riagi | |
---|---|
Rīagi | |
Pronunciation | [/ɾiːaɰi/] |
Created by | Miguel Bartelsman |
Date | 2014 |
Setting | Aokae world |
Riagi
| |
Official status | |
Regulated by | Academy of spiritual and magical arts |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | qrr |
Riagi is an a priori constructed language designed to be the mother-thong and language-of-the-gods in the constructed fantasy world of Aokae. The language is widely used throughout the world in rituals and scriptures and to communicate with powerful spirits and gods. Even though it has no native speakers, it is believed to have been the first language to be spoken and most languages in the world are derived either directly or indirectly from it.
Its phonology is inspired by the descriptions of the Eloi language given in the book of The Time Machine and by Polynesian languages such as Maori and Hawaiian, likewise, the script it uses is vaguely derived from the Rongorongo inscription found in Easter Island and by Javanese and its parent Old Kawi.
Its grammar is not directly derived from any one language, instead is a mix of grammatical features meant to give it a unique feel. It’s a language focused on the reasons behind actions and their context rather than in actions themselves.
Phonology
Even though Riagi does not have a large amount of different sounds, it compensates for it by distinguishing between long and short vowels and long and short stops changing the amount of phonemes from 13 consonants and 5 vowels to 16 consonants and 10 vowels.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | - | /ŋ/ | - |
Stop | /p pː/ | /t tː/ | - | /k kː/ | /ʔ/ |
Fricative | /f/ ~ /ʃ/ | - | - | - | |
Approximant | /β/ ~ /ð/ | /j/ | /ɰ/ | /h/ | |
Flap | - | /ɾ/ | - | - | - |
Riagi has a wide range of free variation, the labio-alveolar voiceless fricative, being the only fricative in the inventory, has free variation between [ɸ], [f], [θ], [s] and [ʃ]. Similarly, the labio-alveolar voiced approximant has free variation between [β], [ʋ] and [ð]. And because Riagi has no voiced fricatives of any sort, all voiced approximants can be 'correctly' pronounced as their voiced fricatives equivalents.
Gemination
Phonemic gemination is only found in Riagi in the voiceless stops /p/, /t/ and /k/.
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | /i iː/ | /u uː/ |
Close-mid | /e eː/ | /o oː/ |
Open | /a aː/ | - |
Long vowels
Unlike consonants, vowel elongation is found in all vowels
Diphthongs
Short diphthongs are formed by a central or back vowel followed by an equal or closer vowel: /ae/, /ao/, /ai/, /au/, /oe/, /oi/, /ou/, /ui/
Long diphthongs are formed by a long vowel followed by /a/: /eːa/, /oːa/, /iːa/, /uːa/
Phonotactics
The syllable structure in Riagi is quite simple, it consists of an optional onset consonant followed by a vowel or diphthong, or (C)V(V).
Stress
Riagi has a predictable stress that falls on the penultimate syllable, irregular words (often loanwords) have their stressed syllable marked by an acute diacritic on the last vowel.
Romanization
- /m/ → ⟨m⟩
- /n/ → ⟨n⟩
- /ŋ/ → ⟨ng⟩
- /p/ → ⟨p⟩
- /pː/ → ⟨pp⟩
- /t/ → ⟨t⟩
- /tː/ → ⟨tt⟩
- /k/ → ⟨k⟩
- /kː/ → ⟨kk⟩
- /ʔ/ → ⟨ ' ⟩
- /f/ ~ /ʃ/ → ⟨s⟩
- /β/ ~ /ð/ → ⟨v⟩
- /j/ → ⟨j⟩
- /ɰ/ → ⟨g⟩
- /h/ → ⟨h⟩
- /r/ → ⟨r⟩
- /a/ → ⟨a⟩
- /aː/ → ⟨ä, ā⟩
- /e/ → ⟨e⟩
- /eː/ → ⟨ë, ē⟩
- /i/ → ⟨i⟩
- /iː/ → ⟨ï, ī⟩
- /o/ → ⟨o⟩
- /oː/ → ⟨ö, ō⟩
- /u/ → ⟨u⟩
- /uː/ → ⟨ü, ū⟩
Morphology
Riagi is a predominantly agglutinative language with a fair share of fusion
Nouns
Cases
Case | Agentive | Patientive | Instrumental | Locative | Benefactive | Origative | Metative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbrev | - | PAT | INS | LOC | BEN | ORI | MET | ||
Case | Abbrev | Affix | -ø | -o | -oe | -ae | -a | -i | -ui |
Nominative | NOM | -ø | ø | -o | -oe | -ae | -a | -i | -ui |
Absolutive | ABS | -t | - | -to | -toe | -tae | -ta | -ti | -tui |
Dative | DAT | -m | - | -mo | -moe | -mae | -ma | -mi | -mui |
Argument Cases
- Nominative
- Marks the agent of a transitive verb and the active subject of an intransitive verb
- Absolutive
- Marks the object of a transitive verb and the passive subject of an intransitive verb
- Dative
- Marks the indirect objects of a verb
Thematic Cases
- Agentive
- Marks the entity which carries out the action, this theme is exclusive to the nominative case.
- Patientive
- Marks the patient or theme, that is the entity that undergoes the action
- Instrumental
- Marks the instrument or entity with which the action was carried out, this can be a tool or a person.
- Locative
- Marks the location or time at which the action was performed
- Benefactive
- Marks the entity for whose benefit the action occurs, this includes recipients with verbs that express change of possession
- Origative
- Marks the place, time, motive or cause from which the action originated
- Metative
- Marks the direction, purpose or objective towards which the action aims
Verbs
Coverbs
Coverbs are special auxiliary verbs that accept TAM inflections in order to allow TAM stacking or negation.
Tense
Rjargi has four tenses:
- Past (pst)
- Present (prs)
- Future (fut)
- Gnomic (gno)
Aspect
Rjargi has five aspects:
- Perfective (pfv)
- Retrospective (ret)
- Continuous (cont)
- Prospective (prosp)
- Habitual (hab)
Mood
Moods are divided in External, Internal and Evidential
- External
- Permissive (prm): Used to express permission
- Requisitive (req): Used to express requests or suggestions
- Compulsory (cls): Used to express orders and commands
- Impositive (ims): Used to express expectations or imposed actions
- Internal
- Promissory (pms): Used to express for promises oaths or threats
- Desiderative (des): Used to express willingness or intent
- Aspirative (asp): Used to express hopes, fears or wishes
- Necessitative (nec): Used to express needs or obligations
- Evidential
- Factual (fac): Indicates the certainty of the action
- Probable (pbl): Indicates the likelyhood of the action
- Improbable (ipb): Indicates the unlikelyhood of the action
- Potential (ptn): Indicates the posibility of the action
Negation
There are two basic ways to negate
- Negating the main verb
- Negates the action but not the TAM
- You may not-work
- Negating the coverb
- Negates the TAM but not the action
- You may-not work
The coverb needs not to be fully inflected, one may only negate mood, tense/aspect or both, allowing for sentences like I didn't use to need to take my medicines by negating only the tense on I used need to take my medicines
Non-Finite forms
- Infinitive
- Dictionary form
- Used when employing the verb as a noun
- Gerund
- Used when employing the verb as an adjective or adverb
Pronouns
First Person | Dual Person | Second Person | Third Person | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural |
1s | 1p | Ds | Dp | 2s | 2p | 3s | 3p |
Fourth Person | Fifth Person | ||||||
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
4s | 4p | 5s | 5p | ||||
Zero Person | |||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||
0s | 0p |
- The First person plural is exclusive
- The Dual person singular indicates both the Speaker and the Addressee
- The Dual person Plural is an inclusive version of the first person plural
- The Fourth person is an indefinite category that encompasses First and Dual persons. "These ones think so" (referring to themselves)
- The Fifth person is similar to the fourth but covers Second and Third persons.
- The Zero person is a completely generic category. "One could say so"
Determiners
Conjunctions
Adpositions
Adjectives
Adverbs
Numerals
Derivational morphology
Nouns
Noun > Noun
Noun > Verb
Noun > Adx
Verbs
Verb > Verb
Verb > Noun
Verb > Adx
Adverbs and Adjectives
Adverbs and adjectives are essentially the same and can be used interchangeably, their lexical category is only determined by their position on a sentence. Because of this, both will be abbreviated as 'Adx'
Adx > Adx
Adx > Verb
Adx > Noun
Morphophonology
Syntax
Word Order
- Nouns
- Before the verb if its indefinite
- After the verb if its definite
- Adjectives
- Before the noun
- Multiple adjectives need a commitative particle
- Adverbs
- Before the word they modify
- Prepositions
- Adjacent to the verb
- After the verb if the subject is definite
- Before the verb if the subject is indefinite
- Verbs take only one preposition
- Nested prepositional phrases must be separated by a subordinator
- Cardinal numbers
- Before the noun and it's adjectives and adverbs
- Ordinal numbers
- Treated as adjectives