Flei/Old draft: Difference between revisions
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'''Ciêng''' (''nă | '''Ciêng''' (''nă rhọb Chiểng'' from ''*nàs ròpàs cècéŋàs'') is a classical language of [[Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh]]. | ||
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?) | Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?) | ||
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Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones | Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones | ||
tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid high low rising nga nang) | tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising nga nang) | ||
=== Mutations === | === Mutations === | ||
# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r | # Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r | ||
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Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/ | Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/ | ||
* (no preinitial tone) á > á; à > à; á.á > á; á.à > a; à.á > ả; à.à > ạ | |||
== Morphology == | == Morphology == | ||
=== Nouns === | === Nouns === | ||
Revision as of 04:14, 26 February 2022
Ciêng (nă rhọb Chiểng from *nàs ròpàs cècéŋàs) is a classical language of Verse:Méich Bhaonnáiqh.
Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
Phonology
p t c k kħ q = /p t k q ʡ ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v pˁ tˁ ð j ɣ (Eevo L) ayin/
r l /r l/
i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo
Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising nga nang)
Mutations
- Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r
- L-coloring: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
- Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m n ng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x rh
Proto-language
5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones
allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/
- (no preinitial tone) á > á; à > à; á.á > á; á.à > a; à.á > ả; à.à > ạ
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and have number (sg, du, pl), case (abs erg gen lat loc voc) and construct state independently. Construct state forms are unpredictable and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms.
The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
Possessive prefixes
Adjectives
Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
Verbs
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
Syntax
VOS
question particle să-L