Contionary:kar

Zemljask

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic kъřь.

Pronunciation

local export = {}

local m_params = require("Module:parameters") local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_syllables = require("Module:syllables") local m_template_link = require("Module:template link")

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("cs") local sc = require("Module:scripts").getByCode("Latn")

function export.tag_text(text, face) return require("Module:script utilities").tag_text(text, lang, sc, face) end

function export.link(term, face) return require("Module:links").full_link( { term = term, lang = lang, sc = sc }, face ) end

local U = mw.ustring.char local sub = mw.ustring.sub local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub local match = mw.ustring.match local gmatch = mw.ustring.gmatch local find = mw.ustring.find

local long = "ː" local nonsyllabic = U(0x32F) -- inverted breve below local syllabic = U(0x0329) local syllabic_below = U(0x030D) local raised = U(0x31D) -- uptack below local voiceless = U(0x30A) -- ring above local caron = U(0x30C) -- combining caron local tie = U(0x361) -- combining double inverted breve local primary_stress = "ˈ" local secondary_stress = "ˌ"

local replacements = { --[[ ě, i, and í indicate that the preceding consonant t, d, or n is palatal, as if written ť, ď, or ň. ]] ["([tdn])ě"] = "%1" .. caron .. "e", ["([tdn])([ií])"] = "%1" .. caron .. "%2", ["mě"] = "mn" .. caron .. "e", }

local data = { ["á"] = "a" .. long, ["c"] = "t" .. tie .. "s", ["č"] = "t" .. tie .. "ʃ", ["ď"] = "ɟ", ["e"] = "ɛ", ["é"] = "ɛ" .. long, ["ě"] = "jɛ", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["h"] = "ɦ", ["ch"] = "x", ["i"] = "ɪ", ["í"] = "i" .. long, ["ň"] = "ɲ", ["ó"] = "o" .. long, ["q"] = "k", ["ř"] = "r" .. raised, ["š"] = "ʃ", ["t"] = "t", ["ť"] = "c", ["ú"] = "u" .. long, ["ů"] = "u" .. long, ["x"] = "ks", ["y"] = "ɪ", ["ý"] = "i" .. long, ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["ou"] = "ou" .. nonsyllabic, ["au"] = "au" .. nonsyllabic, ["eu"] = "ɛu" .. nonsyllabic, ["\""] = primary_stress, ["%"] = secondary_stress, ["?"] = "ʔ", }

-- Add data["a"] = "a", data["b"] = "b", etc. for character in gmatch("abdfjklmnoprstuvz ", ".") do data[character] = character end

--[[ This allows multiple-character sounds to be replaced with single characters to make them easier to process. ]]

local multiple_to_single = { ["t" .. tie .. "s" ] = "ʦ", ["t" .. tie .. "ʃ" ] = "ʧ", ["r" .. raised .. voiceless ] = "ṙ", ["d" .. tie .. "z" ] = "ʣ", ["d" .. tie .. "ʒ" ] = "ʤ", ["r" .. raised ] = "ř", }

--[[ "voiceless" and "voiced" are obstruents only; sonorants are not involved in voicing assimilation. ]]

-- ʦ, ʧ, "ṙ" replace t͡s, t͡ʃ, r̝̊ local voiceless = { "p", "t", "c", "k", "f", "s", "ʃ", "x", "ʦ", "ʧ", "ṙ", "ʔ" } -- "ʣ", ʤ, ř replace d͡z, d͡ʒ, r̝ local voiced = { "b", "d", "ɟ", "ɡ", "v", "z", "ʒ", "ɦ", "ʣ", "ʤ", "ř", } local sonorants = { "m", "n", "ɲ", "r", "l", "j", } local consonant = "[" .. table.concat(sonorants) .. "ŋ" .. table.concat(voiceless) .. table.concat(voiced) .. "]" assimil_consonants = {} assimil_consonants.voiceless = voiceless assimil_consonants.voiced = voiced

local features = {} local indices = {} for index, consonant in pairs(voiceless) do if not features[consonant] then features[consonant] = {} end features[consonant]["voicing"] = "voiceless" indices[consonant] = index end

for index, consonant in pairs (voiced) do if not features[consonant] then features[consonant] = {} end features[consonant]["voicing"] = "voiced" indices[consonant] = index end

local short_vowel = "[aɛɪou]" local long_vowel = "[aɛiou]" .. long local diphthong ="[aɛo]u" .. nonsyllabic local syllabic_consonant = "[mnrl]" .. syllabic

-- all but v and r̝ local causing_assimilation = gsub( "[" .. table.concat(voiceless) .. table.concat(voiced) .. "ʔ]", "[vř]", "" )

local assimilable = "[" .. table.concat(voiceless):gsub("ʔ", "") .. table.concat(voiced) .. "]"

local function regressively_assimilate(IPA) IPA = gsub( IPA, "(" .. assimilable .. "+)(" .. causing_assimilation .. ")", function (assimilated, assimilator) local voicing = features[assimilator] and features[assimilator].voicing or error('The consonant "' .. consonant .. '" is not recognized by the function "regressively_assimilate".') return gsub( assimilated, ".", function (consonant) return assimil_consonants[voicing][indices[consonant]] end) .. assimilator end)

IPA = gsub(IPA, "smus", "zmus")

return IPA end

local function devoice_finally(IPA) local obstruent = "[" .. table.concat(voiced) .. table.concat(voiceless) .. "]"

IPA = gsub( IPA, "(" .. obstruent .. "+)#", function (final_obstruents) return gsub( final_obstruents, ".", function (obstruent) return voiceless[indices[obstruent]] end) .. "#" end)

return IPA end

local function devoice_fricative_r(IPA) -- all but r̝̊, which is added by this function local voiceless = gsub("[" .. table.concat(voiceless) .. "]", "ṙ", "")

-- ř represents r̝, "ṙ" represents r̝̊ IPA = gsub(IPA, "(" .. voiceless .. ")" .. "ř", "%1ṙ") IPA = gsub(IPA, "ř" .. "(" .. voiceless .. ")", "ṙ%1")

return IPA end

local function syllabicize_sonorants(IPA) -- all except ɲ and j local sonorant = gsub("[" .. table.concat(sonorants) .. "]", "[ɲj]", "") local obstruent = "[" .. table.concat(voiced) .. table.concat(voiceless) .. "]"

-- between a consonant and an obstruent IPA = gsub( IPA, "(" .. consonant .. "+" .. sonorant .. ")(" .. consonant .. ")", "%1" .. syllabic .. "%2" )

-- at the end of a word after an obstruent IPA = gsub(IPA, "(" .. obstruent .. sonorant .. ")#", "%1" .. syllabic)

return IPA end

local function assimilate_nasal(IPA) local velar = "[ɡk]"

IPA = gsub(IPA, "n(" .. velar .. ")", "ŋ%1")

return IPA end

local function add_stress(IPA) local syllable_count = m_syllables.getVowels(IPA, lang)

if not ( nostress or find(IPA, ".#.") or find(IPA, primary_stress) ) then IPA = primary_stress .. IPA end

return IPA end

local function syllabify(IPA) local syllables = {}

local working_string = IPA

local noninitial_cluster = match(working_string, ".(" .. consonant .. consonant .. ").") local has_cluster = noninitial_cluster and not find(noninitial_cluster, "(.)%1")

if not ( has_cluster or find(working_string, " ") ) then while #working_string > 0 do local syllable = match(working_string, "^" .. consonant .. "*" .. diphthong) or match(working_string, "^" .. consonant .. "*" .. long_vowel) or match(working_string, "^" .. consonant .. "*" .. short_vowel) or match(working_string, "^" .. consonant .. "*" .. syllabic_consonant) if syllable then table.insert(syllables, syllable) working_string = gsub(working_string, syllable, "", 1) elseif find(working_string, "^" .. consonant .. "+$") or find(working_string, primary_stress) then

syllables[#syllables] = syllables[#syllables] .. working_string working_string = "" else error('The function "syllabify" could not find a syllable ' .. 'in the IPA transcription "' .. working_string .. '".') end end end

if #syllables > 0 then IPA = table.concat(syllables, ".") end

return IPA end

local function apply_rules(IPA) --[[ Adds # at word boundaries and in place of spaces, to unify treatment of initial and final conditions. # is commonly used in phonological rule notation to represent word boundaries. ]] IPA = "#" .. IPA .. "#" IPA = gsub(IPA, "%s+", "#")

-- Handle consonantal prepositions: v, z. IPA = gsub( IPA, "(#[vz])#(.)", function (preposition, initial_sound) if find(initial_sound, short_vowel) then return preposition .. "ʔ" .. initial_sound else return preposition .. initial_sound end end)

for sound, character in pairs(multiple_to_single) do IPA = gsub(IPA, sound, character) end

IPA = regressively_assimilate(IPA) IPA = devoice_finally(IPA) IPA = devoice_fricative_r(IPA) IPA = syllabicize_sonorants(IPA) IPA = assimilate_nasal(IPA) IPA = add_stress(IPA, nostress)

for sound, character in pairs(multiple_to_single) do IPA = gsub(IPA, character, sound) end

--[[ This replaces double (geminate) with single consonants, and changes a stop plus affricate to affricate: for instance, [tt͡s] to [t͡s]. ]] IPA = gsub(IPA, "(" .. consonant .. ")%1", "%1")

-- Replace # with space or remove it. IPA = gsub(IPA, "([^" .. primary_stress .. secondary_stress .. "])#(.)", "%1 %2") IPA = gsub(IPA, "#", "")

return IPA end

function export.toIPA(term, nostress) local IPA = {}

local transcription = mw.ustring.lower(term) transcription = gsub(transcription, "^%-", "") transcription = gsub(transcription, "%-?$", "") transcription = gsub(transcription, "nn", "n") -- similar operation is applied to IPA above

for regex, replacement in pairs(replacements) do transcription = gsub(transcription, regex, replacement) end transcription = mw.ustring.toNFC(transcription) -- Recompose combining caron.

local working_string = transcription

while mw.ustring.len(working_string) > 0 do local IPA_letter

local letter = sub(working_string, 1, 1) local twoletters = sub(working_string, 1, 2) or ""

if data[twoletters] then IPA_letter = data[twoletters] working_string = sub(working_string, 3) else IPA_letter = data[letter] or error('The letter "' .. tostring(letter) .. '" is not a member of the Czech alphabet.') working_string = sub(working_string, 2) end

table.insert(IPA, IPA_letter) end

IPA = table.concat(IPA) IPA = apply_rules(IPA, nostress)

return IPA, transcription end

function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = {}, ["nostress"] = { type = "boolean" }, }

local args = m_params.process(frame:getParent().args, params) local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local namespace = title.nsText local term = args[1] or namespace == "Template" and "příklad" or title.text

local IPA = export.toIPA(term, nostress)

IPA = "[" .. IPA .. "]" IPA = m_IPA.format_IPA_full(lang, { { pron = IPA } } )

return IPA end

function export.example(frame) local output = { [[

]] } local row local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText if namespace == "Template" then table.insert( output, [[

headword	code	result ]] ) row = [[
link	template_code	IPA ]] else table.insert( output, [[	headword	result ]] ) row = [[
link	IPA ]] end local params = { [1] = { required = true }, } local args = m_params.process(frame:getParent().args, params) local terms = mw.text.split(args[1] or "příklad", ", ") for _, term in ipairs(terms) do local template_parameter local respelling_regex = "[%a\"%?%% ]+" local respelling = match(term, "(" .. respelling_regex .. ") %(") or match(term, respelling_regex) local entry = match(term, "%(([%a ]+)%)") or respelling local link = export.link(entry) local IPA, transcribable = export.toIPA(respelling) IPA = m_IPA.format_IPA_full(lang, { { pron = "[" .. IPA .. "]" } } ) if term ~= respelling then template_parameter = respelling end if term ~= transcribable then link = link .. " (" .. export.tag_text(transcribable) .. ")" end template_code = m_template_link.format_link{ "cs-IPA", template_parameter } local content = { link = link, template_code = template_code, IPA = IPA } local function add_content(name) if content[name] then return content[name] else error('No content for "' .. name .. '".') end end local current_row = gsub(row, "[%a_]+", add_content) table.insert(output, current_row) end table.insert(output, "|}") return table.concat(output) end return export Noun kar bush hedge (humourous) hair Declension Inflection of kar (Hard O) inflection singular dual plural nominative kar krja kri accusative kar krja kry genitive kra kru kar dative kru kroma krom instrumental kram kroma kry locative krje kru kreh