Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Qwbmwdqwg: Difference between revisions

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~~/h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is~~ [ħ̞] ~~(weak [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. Word-finally it is always~~ [ħ̞] ~~unless preceded by /ɪ/~~.

Allophones or marginal phonemes include [hʶ] and [ʂʶ]; this article won't reflect these.

~~Allophones or marginal phonemes include [hʶ] and [ʂʶ]; this article won't reflect these.~~ [ŋ̟ ɴ̟] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel.

* [ŋ̟ ɴ̟] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel.

* /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weak [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/.

~~Emphatic consonants are realized as uvularized consonants by most of the population~~ but ~~are realized as velarized~~ (~~also turning emphatic dorsals into true velars~~) by ~~older and more educated speakers~~.

* "Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant. Voiceless stops are also slightly longer than voiced ones. Emphatic voiced stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ{{adv}}/ is particularly prone to devoicing. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Word-final geminates surface as compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel (cf. Irish and Hebrew).

* Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common for older speakers. /ɢ̟/ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''.

"Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant. Voiceless stops are also slightly longer than voiced ones. Emphatic voiced stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ{{adv}}/ is particularly prone to devoicing. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. ~~Gemination is neutralized word~~-~~finally~~. Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common ~~in rural areas~~.

* /r/ is a lamino-alveolar or dental trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.

* /rʶ/ may be realized as [ɾʶ] or [ɹʷʶ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r.

~~''G''~~ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''.

* t d T D n N L s S are lamino-dental.

* Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in pausal position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized. Emphatic consonants are less strongly uvularized in pause.

''r'' is a ~~laminal,~~ alveolar trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.

t d T D n N L s S are lamino-dental

Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in pausal position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized. Emphatic consonants are less strongly uvularized in pause.

~~/rʶ/ may be realized as [ɾʶ] or [ɹʷʶ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r~~.

unasp stop + h > asp stop

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-/h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weak [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/.
+Allophones or marginal phonemes include [hʶ] and [ʂʶ]; this article won't reflect these.
-Allophones or marginal phonemes include [hʶ] and [ʂʶ]; this article won't reflect these. [ŋ&#799; ɴ&#799;] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel.
+* [ŋ&#799; ɴ&#799;] occur as allophones of /n̪ n̪ʶ/ before dorsal stops. For speakers that realize /ɢ/ as a glottal stop, a preceding /n{{uvu}}/ is often realized as nasalization and lengthening of the preceding vowel.
+* /h/ is always pronounced clearly. It is usually [h~ɦ], but is [ħ̞] (weak [ħ]) before or after /ɑ/ or /æ/. Word-finally it is always [ħ̞] unless preceded by /ɪ/.
-Emphatic consonants are realized as uvularized consonants by most of the population but are realized as velarized (also turning emphatic dorsals into true velars) by older and more educated speakers.
+* "Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant. Voiceless stops are also slightly longer than voiced ones. Emphatic voiced stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ{{adv}}/ is particularly prone to devoicing. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Word-final geminates surface as compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel (cf. Irish and Hebrew).
+* Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common for older speakers. /ɢ&#799;/ in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''.
-"Voiceless" stops are consistently aspirated; voiced stops are usually weakly voiced (as in German and Irish) and are always devoiced after a voiceless or aspirated consonant. Voiceless stops are also slightly longer than voiced ones. Emphatic voiced stops tend to be less voiced than their nonemphatic counterparts; /ɢ{{adv}}/ is particularly prone to devoicing. Voiced geminate stops are realized as voiceless unaspirated. Geminated and word-final aspirated stops are preglottalized. Gemination is neutralized word-finally. Preuvular consonants are velar or uvular for some speakers; the velar realization is more common in rural areas.
+* /r/ is a lamino-alveolar or dental trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.
+* /rʶ/ may be realized as [ɾʶ] or [ɹʷʶ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r.
-''G'' in contemporary urban Majorcan is turning into [ʔʶ] (cf. Maltese and Egyptian Arabic /ʔ/ for older Arabic ''q''), even affecting Irish loans: ''teanga'' 'language' and ''guid{{cda}}e'' 'prayer' are pronounced [ˈt̪ʰænʶʔʶʌ] and [ˈʔʶʊ{{ret}}jjə] by the majority of younger speakers. This is often attributed to immigration from other parts of Irta's Arab world bringing the glottal stop reflex of Arabic ''q''.
+* t d T D n N L s S are lamino-dental.
+* Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in pausal position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized. Emphatic consonants are less strongly uvularized in pause.
-''r'' is a laminal, alveolar trill or flap. It is often pronounced as Czech ''ř'' or as [ʒ] by younger speakers.
-t d T D n N L s S are lamino-dental
-Nonemphatic consonants (except /v h/) are slightly more palatalized in pausal position than in other conditions. /t d n l/ become laminal alveolar [t̻ʲ d̻ʲ n̻ʲ lʲ] when allophonically palatalized. Emphatic consonants are less strongly uvularized in pause.
-/rʶ/ may be realized as [ɾʶ] or [ɹʷʶ], the latter sounding a lot like a General American English r.
 unasp stop + h > asp stop