Zanahi: Difference between revisions
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
Line 196: | Line 196: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || g | | || g | ||
|- | |||
| || ġ || | |||
|- | |||
| || d || | |||
|- | |||
| || ð || | |||
|- | |||
| || h || | |||
|- | |||
| || w || | |||
|- | |||
| || ħ || | |||
|- | |||
| || ṭ || | |||
|- | |||
| || y || | |||
|- | |||
| || k | |||
|- | |||
| || x | |||
|- | |||
| || l | |||
|- | |||
| || m | |||
|} | |} | ||
Revision as of 11:08, 23 November 2022
Zanahi (native: zanāhī, haṭ-ṭaṣwā haz-zanāhiyyā) is an Indo-European language with a high degree of Semitic influence.
Zanahi | |
---|---|
zanāhī | |
Pronunciation | [zænæːhiː] |
Created by | Shariifka |
Indo-European
| |
Early form | Proto-Zanahi
|
Introduction
Zanahi is a satem language.
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Dental | Denti-alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal |
Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | emphatic | |||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ||||||||
Stop | voiceless | p | t̪ | tˤ | k | q | ʔ | |||
voiced | b | d̪ | ɡ | |||||||
Fricative | voiceless | f | θ | s | sˤ | ʃ | x ~ χ | ħ | h | |
voiced | v | ð | z | ɣ ~ ʁ | ʕ | |||||
Trill | r | |||||||||
Approximant | l | j | w |
Vowels
Short | Long | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Back | Front | Back | |
Close | /i/ | /u/ | /iː/ | /uː/ |
Mid | /eː/ | /oː/ | ||
Open | /a/ | /aː/ | ||
Diphthongs | /aw/, /aj/ |
Orthography
Letter | Transliteration | IPA | Name |
---|---|---|---|
' | ʔ | ||
b | b | ||
v | |||
g | |||
ġ | |||
d | |||
ð | |||
h | |||
w | |||
ħ | |||
ṭ | |||
y | |||
k | |||
x | |||
l | |||
m |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Lenition
Non-emphatic plosives undergo lenition to fricatives (analogous to "begadkefat" in Aramaic and Biblical Hebrew) in certain environments.
Un-lenited | Lenited |
---|---|
/b/ | /v/ |
/ɡ/ | /ɣ ~ ʁ/ |
/d/ | /ð/ |
/k/ | /x ~ χ/ |
/p/ | /f/ |
/t/ | /θ/ |
Morphology
Like Arabic, Zanahi words are traditionally classified in three categories: nominals, verbs, and particles.
Nominals
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Person/ Number |
Independent | Dependent |
---|---|---|
1S | ammā | -mā |
2SM | antā | -tā/-þā |
2SF | antī | -tī/þī |
3SM | hattā | -hā |
3SF | hattī | -hī |
1P | annā | -nā |
2PM | antān | -tān/þān |
2PF | antīn | -tīn/þīn |
3PM | hattān | -hān |
3PF | hattīn | -hīn |
Demonstrative pronouns
Distance | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
masc. | fem. | masc. | fem. | |
Near | sā | sī | sān | sīn |
Far | tā | tī | tān | tīn |
Nouns and adjectives
Nouns do not decline for case.
There are two genders: masculine and feminine.The feminine is most often marked with the ending -ā.
There are two numbers: singular and plural.
Adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender and definiteness.
The definite article is ha-, which is prefixed to the noun/adjective causes the first consonant to geminate if it is not pharngeal or glottal. There is no indefinite article.
Below is an example declension for the adjective bān "clear":
Gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indef. | def. | indef. | def. | |
Masculine | bān | hab-bān | bānīn | hab-bānīn |
Feminine | bānā | hab-bānā | bānān | hab-bānān |