Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

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A Vietnamese- and Maltese inspired a priori language

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-{{list subpages}}
+A Vietnamese- and Maltese inspired a priori language
-'''Ciêng''' (''nă rhọb Chiểng'' from ''*nàh ròpàh cècéŋàh'') is a classical language.
-Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Naeng
-== Phonology ==
-b d g ɢ kħ q = /p t k q {{qeth}} ʔ/;
-aspirated stops p t c k kħ;
-Spirants f θ x xħ ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/
-m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
-x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/
-b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v b(impl) d(impl) ð j ɣ (Eevo L) ayin/
-r l rh /r l (flap)/
-hm hn hng hr voiceless resonants
-i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; iê uô
-Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones
-tones: a á à ả ã ạ (mid~falling high low rising~dipping nga nang)
-=== Mutations ===
-# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l rh
-# L-coloring: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
-# Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> hm hn hng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x hr
-== Proto-language ==
-vowels: i e a o u; each mora had high and low tones
-allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVh, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)
-Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs
-Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/
-Tone reflexes (' denotes stress):
-(these occur by moras with long vowels counting as 2 moras): 'á > á; 'à > à; 'á.á > ã; 'á.à > a; 'à.á > ả; 'à.à > ạ (This occurs before syncope)
-umlaut like in OIr
-== Morphology ==
-=== Nouns ===
-Nouns fall into 3 genders (human, animate and inanimate) and inflect for number (sg, du, pl) and case (abs erg gen lat loc voc). Possessed forms have unpredictable stems and comes from proto-forms that had a different stress pattern than absolute forms. The appropriate 3rd person possessed forms are used like construct state forms in possessive constructions.
-The locative is used with prepositions to indicate location and is the default prepositional case; when the lative is used the same prepositions indicate destination, and when the ergative is used they indicate "motion from".
-article nă + various mutations (also relativizer)
-==== Possessive prefixes ====
-* sèmpèngàrán > sệpngă-N 'garment'
-* hísèmpèngàrán > ispngăr-N 'my garment'
-* ngusèmpèngàrán > ngùspngăr-N 'thy garment'
-* àsèmpèngàrán > àspngăr-N (animate)
-* ànsèmpèngàrán > àspngăr-N (inanimate)
-* láhisèmpèngàrán > lispngăr-N 'our garment'
-* númasèmpèngàrán > nospngăr-N 'your garment'
-* àlsèmpèngàrán > àxpngăr-N '3pl's garment'
-=== Adjectives ===
-Adjectives agree with nouns, def adjectives take the def article (bc Hebrew)
-=== Verbs ===
-Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes
-PCiêng lò.mátse, ráh.làmátse '3sg saves, 3sg does not save' --> lă:más, ra:xảmhăs
-productive redup
-==== Inflection ====
-Present tense forms of ''să·kumʰa'' '3sg remembers':
-{| class="wikitable"
-|-
-! Person  !! Primitive Ciêng !! Underlying form !! Ciêng surface form
-|-
-| 1SG || ''so.kúmpasat(í), .sòkúmpasat(í)'' || ''să·kommpṡẻ, ·sủgmbẻ'' || ''să·kumʰẻ, ·sủmmẻ''
-|-
-| 2SG || ''so·kúmpasaŋ(u), ·sòkúmpasaŋ(u)'' || ''să·kommpṡəŋ, ·sủgmbəŋ'' || ''să·kumʰụ, ·sủmmụ''
-|-
-| 3SG || ''so·kúmpasáse, ·sòkúmpasáse'' || ''să·kommpṡa, ·sủgmba'' || ''să·kumʰa, ·sủmma''
-|-
-| 1PL || ''so·kúmpasalehi, ·sòkúmpasalehi'' || ''să·kommpṡlə̣j, ·sủgmblə̣j'' || ''să·kumʰlị, ·sủmlị''
-|-
-| 2PL || ''so·kúmpasanuma, ·sòkúmpasanuma'' || ''să·kommpṡnăm, ·sủgmbnăm'' || ''să·kumʰnăm, ·sủmnăm''
-|-
-| 3PL || ''so·kúmpasaro, ·sòkúmpasaro'' || ''să·kommpṡər, ·sủgmbər'' || ''să·kumʰăr, ·sủmmăr''
-|}
-== Syntax ==
-VOS
-question particle să-L

Verse:Mwail/Qocwane: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 20:40, 2 February 2023

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