Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean: Difference between revisions

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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |Labial
! colspan="5" |Coronal
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Dorsal
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Laryngeal
|- align="center"
!Laminal
! colspan="2" |Apical
! colspan="2" |Sublaminal
|- align="center"
!Dental
!Alveolar
!Retroflex
!Palatal
!Postpalatal
!Velar
!Uvular
!Pharyngeal
!Glottal
|- align="center"
! colspan="3" |Nasal
|*m
| colspan="2" |*n
|*ɳ
| colspan="2" |*ɲ
|*ŋ
|*ɴ
|
|
|- align="center"
! rowspan="4" |Plosive
! rowspan="2" |Voiceless
!Ejective
|*pʼ
|*tʼ
|*tsʼ
|*tɬʼ
|*tʃʼ
|*tɕʼ
|*kʼ
|*qʼ
|*ʡ
|*ʔ
|- align="center"
!Aspirated
|*pʰ
|*tʰ
|*tsʰ
|*tɬʰ
|*tʃʰ
|*tɕʰ
|*kʰ
|*qʰ
|
|
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |Voiced
!Plain
|*b
|*d
|*dz
|*dɮ
|*dʒ
|*dʑ
|*g
|*ɢ
|
|
|- align="center"
!Murmured
|*bʱ
|*dʱ
|*dzʱ
|*dɮʱ
|*dʒʱ
|*dʑʱ
|*gʱ
|*ɢʱ
|
|
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! colspan="2" |Voiceless
|*f
|*θ
|*s
|*ɬ
|*ʃ
|*ɕ
|*x
|*χ
|*ħ
|*h
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |Voiced
|*v
|*ð
|*z
|*ɮ
|*ʒ
|*ʑ
|*ɣ
|*ʁ
|*ʕ
|*ɦ
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2" |Liquid
! colspan="2" |Rhotic
|*ʙ
| colspan="2" |*ɹ
|*ɻ
| colspan="2" |*r
|
|*ʀ
|*ʢ
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="2" |Lateral
|
| colspan="2" |*l
|*ɭ
| colspan="2" |*ʎ
|*ʟ
|
|
|
|- align="center"
! colspan="3" |Click
|*(ʘ)
|*ǀ
|*ǃ
|*ǁ
| colspan="2" |*ǂ
|
|*(qǂ)
|
|
|}
===Approximants===
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Labial
!Palatal
!Velar
|- align="center"
!Labial
|*ʋ
|*ɥ
|*w
|- align="center"
!Palatal
|*ɥ
|*j
|*ɧ
|- align="center"
!Velar
|*w
|*ɧ
|*ɰ
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |Back
|- align="center"
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
!Short
!Long
|- align="center"
!High
|*i
|*iː
|*ɨ
|*ɨː
|*u
|*uː
|- align="center"
!Mid
|*e
|*eː
|*ə
|*əː
|*o
|*oː
|- align="center"
!Low
|*a
|*aː
|*ɐ
|*ɐː
|*ɑ
|*ɑː
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Stress====

Revision as of 00:10, 12 May 2023


Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Laminal Apical Sublaminal
Dental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Postpalatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal *m *n *ɳ *ɲ *ŋ *ɴ
Plosive Voiceless Ejective *pʼ *tʼ *tsʼ *tɬʼ *tʃʼ *tɕʼ *kʼ *qʼ *ʡ *ʔ
Aspirated *pʰ *tʰ *tsʰ *tɬʰ *tʃʰ *tɕʰ *kʰ *qʰ
Voiced Plain *b *d *dz *dɮ *dʒ *dʑ *g *ɢ
Murmured *bʱ *dʱ *dzʱ *dɮʱ *dʒʱ *dʑʱ *gʱ *ɢʱ
Fricative Voiceless *f *θ *s *ɬ *ʃ *ɕ *x *χ *ħ *h
Voiced *v *ð *z *ɮ *ʒ *ʑ *ɣ *ʁ *ʕ *ɦ
Liquid Rhotic *ʙ *ɹ *ɻ *r *ʀ *ʢ
Lateral *l *ɭ *ʎ *ʟ
Click *(ʘ) *ǀ *ǃ *ǁ *ǂ *(qǂ)

Approximants

Labial Palatal Velar
Labial *ʋ *ɥ *w
Palatal *ɥ *j *ɧ
Velar *w *ɧ *ɰ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Short Long Short Long Short Long
High *i *iː *ɨ *ɨː *u *uː
Mid *e *eː *ə *əː *o *oː
Low *a *aː *ɐ *ɐː *ɑ *ɑː

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources

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