Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean
Proto-Paleoeuropean, Proto-Indo-Atlantic, Proto-Indo-Boreo-Atlantic
(Controversial)
Created by	Caesar05
Date	2023
Setting	Possibly Near East or Europe
Ethnicity	Early Eurasian Hunter-Gatherers
Era	Upper Paleolithic
Early forms	Proto-Sapiens (?) Proto-Eurasian (?) Proto-Austran (?)
Dialect	Disputed (?)
Map of the Aurignacian culture distribution

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean is a hypothetical reconstructed language thought to be the ancestor of the Atlanto-Mediterranean proposed linguistic macrofamily. This large group includes several language families and isolated languages spoken primarily in Europe. Its origin is controversial and would be linked to the Ahmarian culture of the Middle East or the Aurignacian culture of Europe, both associated with the settlement of Europe by Homo sapiens during the Paleolithic. However, due to the extreme remoteness of this ancient language, its precise reconstruction faces enormous challenges. In the absence of direct evidence, one can only rely on speculation and the limited long range comparative historical evidence available.

Introduction

External classification

Homo sapiens (?)	Paleoafrican Khoisan Pygmean African Niger-Congo Nilo-Saharan Eurasian Austran Indo-Austro-Pacific Atlanto-Mediterranean Borean Afroasiatic Nostrato-Amerindian Dené-Caucasian Austric

Internal classification

Atlanto-Mediterranean	Homo neanderthalensis (?) Eastern European (?) xǂəʙ Western European (?) bǁēɳ ɬándɮa Anatolian Pontic European Eastern Nordic Alpine Dinaric Western Atlantic British Mediterranean

Phonology

Consonants

			Labial	Coronal					Dorsal		Laryngeal
				Laminal	Apical		Sublaminal
				Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Postpalatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal			*m	*n		*ɳ	*ɲ		*ŋ	*ɴ
Plosive	Voiceless	Ejective	*pʼ	*tʼ	*tsʼ	*tɬʼ	*tʃʼ	*tɕʼ	*kʼ	*qʼ	*ʡ	*ʔ
		Aspirated	*pʰ	*tʰ	*tsʰ	*tɬʰ	*tʃʰ	*tɕʰ	*kʰ	*qʰ
	Voiced	Plain	*b	*d	*dz	*dɮ	*dʒ	*dʑ	*g	*ɢ
		Murmured	*bʱ	*dʱ	*dzʱ	*dɮʱ	*dʒʱ	*dʑʱ	*gʱ	*ɢʱ
Fricative	Voiceless		*f	*θ	*s	*ɬ	*ʃ	*ɕ	*x	*χ	*ħ	*h
	Voiced		*v	*ð	*z	*ɮ	*ʒ	*ʑ	*ɣ	*ʁ	*ʕ	*ɦ
Liquid	Rhotic		*ʙ	*ɹ		*ɻ	*r			*ʀ	*ʢ
	Lateral			*l		*ɭ	*ʎ		*ʟ
Click			(*ʘ > *pǀ)	*ǀ	*ǃ	*ǁ	*ǂ			(*ʞ > *qǂ)

Approximants

	Labial	Palatal	Velar
Labial	*ʋ	*ɥ	*w
Palatal	*ɥ	*j	*ɧ
Velar	*w	*ɧ	*ɰ

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	Short	Long	Short	Long	Short	Long
High	*i	*iː	*ɨ	*ɨː	*u	*uː
Mid	*e	*eː	*ə	*əː	*o	*oː
Low	*a	*aː	*ɐ	*ɐː	*ɑ	*ɑː

Auxiliar lexicon and morphology

Auxiliar stem: *(C)=VC[V]

• =əʔ- : to be (auxiliar verb)

Verbal and auxiliar ablaut patterns

		Realis		Irrealis
		Imperfective	Perfective
Finitive	Positive	*-a-	*-i-	*-e-
	Negative	*-ɑ-	*-u-	*-o-
Infinitive		*-ɐ-	*-ɨ-	*-ə-

Pronominal stem: *C[V]-(CV)

*ʔ- : pronoun [subject]

Person	Indefinite	Singular	Plural
First	*ʔə- > *ʔə	*ʔə-bə > *pə	*ʔə-gə > *kə
Second	*ʔə-də > *tə	*ʔə-ɢə > *qə	*ʔə-dzə > *tsə
Third	*ʔə-dʒə > *tʃə	*ʔə-dɮə > *tɬə	*ʔə-dʑə > *tɕə

*n- : pronoun [object]

Person	Indefinite	Singular	Plural
First	*nə- > *nə	*nə-bə > *mə	*nə-gə > *ŋə
Second	*nə-də > *nə	*nə-ɢə > *ɴə	*nə-dzə > *nə
Third	*nə-dʒə > *ɲə	*nə-dɮə > *ɳə	*nə-dʑə > *ɲə

Morphosyntactic alignment

	Impersonal	Intransitive	Transitive	Ditransitive
Subject	-	Nominative-Absolutive	Accusative-Ergative	Accusative-Ergative
Direct object	-	-	Accusative-Absolutive	Accusative-Absolutive
Indirect object	-	-	-	Dative

Nominal and pronominal ablaut patterns

	Indefinite	Singular	Plural
Nominative-Absolutive	*-e-	*-a-	*-i-
Accusative-Ergative	*-ə-	*-ɐ-	*-ɨ-
Accusative-Absolutive	*-o-	*-ɑ-	*-u-
Dative	*-e- / *-o-	*-a- / *-ɑ-	*-i- / *-u-
Genitive-Oblique	*-e(ː)- / *-o(ː)-	*-a(ː)- / *-ɑ(ː)-	*-i(ː)- / *-u(ː)-
Vocative	*-e(ː)- / *-ə(ː)-	*-a(ː)- / *-ɐ(ː)-	*-i(ː)- / *-ɨ(ː)-

Lexicon

Nominal stem: *CVC[V]-(CV)

Numerals

Numbers		Cardinal	Ordinal
First set	1
	2
	3
	4
	5
Second set	6
	7
	8
	9
	10
Third set	11
	12
	13
	14
	15
Fourth set	16
	17
	18
	19
	20

Reconstructed lexicon

Some possible etymological relationships with other reconstructed language families can be seen in the notes. The captions are as follows: [EA] Eurasiatic, [AA] Afroasiatic, [DC] Sinocaucasian, [AD] Austric and [MK] Macro-Khoisan

Kinship

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean	Meaning	Notes
*x1	mother	xx
*x2	father	xx
*x3	sister	xx
*x4	brother	xx

Water

Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean	Meaning	Notes
*x1	water	xx
*qwanə *χwanə	river	[AA] *qʷ/ḫʷan-
*x3	lake	xx
*x4	xxx	xx