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Gwaxol: Difference between revisions
→Phonology
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Atonal words bear the last tone in the preceding word | *For some speakers non-monosyllable /˥-˥/ and /˩-˩/ are realized as weakly rising [V˦...V˥] and [V˩...V˨]. | ||
Atonal words bear the last tone in the preceding word, but word-initially either bear the first tone in the following word or have variable pitch. | |||
===Prosody=== | |||
====Stress==== | |||
Stress is root-initial and is realized with increased volume and/or vowel length, the latter especially in contrastive stress. | |||
====Intonation==== | |||
Emphasized words have more volume across the word and length in the word's stressed vowel. Emphasized atonal words in isolation have sharply falling pitch. | |||
In semantically imperative and hortative sentences (whether or not the particle ''zi'' is used) pitch starts higher than in declarative sentences. | |||
In nonpolar questions and expressions of surprise or doubt pitch is lower before the most emphasized word and sharply rises after the word. | |||
====Phonotactics==== | |||
Syllables are CV(C). Obstruents except /ʝ/ cannot occur before consonants of different voicing except on morpheme boundaries. | |||
==Morphology== | |||
=== Derivational morphology === | |||
====Reduplication==== | |||
Full reduplication is used to broaden adjectives (for example ''töng² töng²'' "somewhat narrow" from ''töng²'' "narrow"), and to derive new iterative or reflexive meanings from some verbs (for example ''har³ har³'' "it goes back to it" from ''har³'' "it goes to it"). | |||