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===Stress===
===Stress===
Stress always falls on the first syllable of a word.
Stress always falls on the first syllable of a word.
==Orthography==
The Arabic script, which is more morpheme-based than the Latin script, is also an officially recognized script for {{PAGENAME}}. Since the Latin script is easily described, this section will be devoted to the Arabic orthography.
===Letters===
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Name
!rowspan="2"|Latin
!rowspan="2"|IPA
!colspan="3"|Contextual forms
!rowspan="2"|Isolated
|-
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''ělef''
|''a'', vowel carrier
|/a(ː)/, vowel carrier
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـا}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ا}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''bě&#769;''
|''b''
|/b/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـب}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـبـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|بـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ب}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''cě&#769;''
|''c'', ''t'' in some functional morphemes
|/ts/, sometimes /t/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـت}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـتـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|تـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ت}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''þě&#769;''
|''þ''
|/θ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـث}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـثـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ثـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ث}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''žím''
|''ž''
|/ʐ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـج}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـجـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|جـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ج}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''čím''
|''č''
|/tʂ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـچ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـچـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|چـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|چ}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''logí hě&#769;''
|''h'' representing {{recon|''ħ''}}
|/h/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـح}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـحـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|حـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ح}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''chě&#769;''
|''ch''
|/x/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـخ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـخـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|خـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|خ}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''dě&#769;l''
|''d''
|/d/
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـد}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|د}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''rě&#769;''
|''r''
|/r/
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـر}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ر}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''zén''
|''z''
|/z/
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـز}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ز}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''sín''
|''s''
|/s/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـس}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـسـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|سـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|س}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''šín''
|''š'' representing {{recon|''ś''}}
|/ʂ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـش}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـشـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|شـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ش}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''šód''
|''š'' representing {{recon|''ṣ''}}
|/ʂ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـص}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـصـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|صـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ص}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''tó''
|''t''
|/t/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـط}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـطـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|طـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ط}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''qén''
|''q'', word-finally ''a''
|/q/, /a/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـع}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـعـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|عـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ع}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''gén''
|''g''
|/ɡ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـغ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـغـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|غـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|غ}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''fě&#769;''
|''f''
|/f/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـف}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـفـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|فـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ف}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''kě&#769;f''
|''k''
|/k/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـك}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـكـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|كـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ك}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''lě&#769;m''
|''l''
|/l/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـل}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـلـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|لـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ل}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''mím''
|''m''
|/m/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـم}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـمـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|مـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|م}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''nún''
|''n''
|/n/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـن}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـنـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|نـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ن}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''hě&#769;''
|''h'' representing {{recon|''h''}}
|/h/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـه}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـهـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|هـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ه}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''cě&#769;-merbúta''
|(allomorphs of feminine singular endings)
|/a/, /t/, /ts/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـة}}</span>
|''-''
|''-''
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ة}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''vú'', ''váv''
|''v''
|/v/
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـۋ}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ۋ}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''vú vil y''
|''y'', ''u''
|/ə/, /u/
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـو}}</span>
|colspan=2|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|و}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''jě&#769;''
|''j'', ''i''
|/j/, /i/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـي}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـيـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|يـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ي}}</span>
|- style="text-align:center;"
|''ělef vil ě''
|''ě''
|/æ/
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـى}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ـﯩـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ﯩـ}}</span>
|<span style="font-size:190%;">{{ara|ى}}</span>
|}
===Vocalization===
Texts are fully vocalized (except that the silent vowel sign is often omitted), in part due to the widespread use of the Latin script.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width:250px; text-align: center;"
|-
!colspan="3"|{{PAGENAME}} basic vowel graphemes
|-
! Arabic script (with ''bě'') !! Latin !! IPA
|-
|{{ara|با}}, {{ara|بَ}}||''a''||/a/
|-
|{{ara|بى}}||''ě''|| /æ/
|-
|{{ara|بِ}}||''e''|| /e/
|-
|{{ara|بِي}}||''i''|| /i/
|-
|{{ara|بُ}}||''o''|| /o/
|-
|{{ara|بُو}}||''u''|| /u/
|-
|{{ara|بو}}||''y''|| /ə/
|-
|{{ara|بٍم}}, {{ara|بٍن}}||''ę''|| /ɛ̃ː/
|-
|{{ara|بٌم}}, {{ara|بٌن}}, word-finally {{ara|باً}}||''ǫ''|| /ɔ̃ː/
|-
|{{ara|بْ}}
|colspan="3"|Ø
|}
A long vowel may be indicated by a dagger alif above the initial consonant.
===Hamza===


==Diachronics==
==Diachronics==
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