Flewtish: Difference between revisions

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<b>Flewtish</b> ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: <b>''Flũtṽa''</b> (cyr. Флутвьа) [ˈɸluːtwa] or <b>''Flũtṽas glung''</b> [ˈɸluːtwas ɡluːŋ]) is a language spoken by the majority of the population in much of Northwest Russia and the [[w:Karelia|Karelia region]]. Flewtish is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]], meaning it does not [[w:Genetic relationship (linguistics)|genetically relate]] to any other known language on the planet.
<b>Flewtish</b> ([[w:Endonym|endonym]]: <b>''Flũtṽa''</b> (cyr. Флутвьа) [ˈɸluːtwa] or <b>''Flũtṽas glung''</b> [ˈɸluːtwas ɡluːŋ]) is a language spoken by the majority of the population in much of Northwest Russia and the [[w:Karelia|Karelia region]]. Flewtish is a [[w:Language isolate|language isolate]], meaning it does not [[w:Genetic relationship (linguistics)|genetically relate]] to any other known language on the planet.


Flewtish is typologically agglutinative, using almost exclusively suffixal affixation to indicate number, tense, person and case. Flewtish is partially a [[w:Null-subject language|null-subject language]], depending on whether the subject can be implicitly indicated with certainty or not. Due to the [[w:Sprachbund|sprachbund effect]], Flewtish is an [[w:Subject–verb–object word order|SVO language]], but more archaic dialects are actually [[w:Subject–object-verb word order|SOV ones]]. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. /ˈkʷa.θok/ "Warmth" and /ˈka.θok/ "Portability".
Flewtish is typologically agglutinative, using almost exclusively suffixal affixation to indicate number, tense, person and case. Flewtish is partially a [[w:Null-subject language|null-subject language]], depending on whether the subject can be implicitly indicated with certainty or not. Due to the [[w:Sprachbund|sprachbund effect]], Flewtish is an [[w:Subject–verb–object word order|SVO language]], but more archaic dialects are actually [[w:Subject–object-verb word order|SOV ones]]. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. /ˈkʷáɣ.ok/ "Warmth" and /ˈkáɣ.ok/ "Deer".


==Etymology and history==
==Etymology and history==
'''Flũtṽa''' is an evolution of Proto-Flewtish */ɸlitʰa/, meaning "Blooming" or "Saturated". The reason for this name is that the regions that Flewtish speakers settled were far more greener and developed than their previous homeland. Flewtish is possibly a [[w:Paleosiberian languages|Paleo-siberian]] language that through migration reached it's current territory. This can be further supported by similarities with the [[w:Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] languages, like being a tonal language and having vowel length distinction.
'''Flũtṽa''' is an evolution of Proto-Flewtish ''*ɸlydʰa''', meaning "Blooming" or "Saturated". The reason for this name is that the regions that Flewtish speakers settled were far more greener and developed than their previous homeland. Flewtish is possibly a [[w:Paleosiberian languages|Paleo-siberian]] language that through migration reached it's current territory. This can be further supported by similarities with the [[w:Yeniseian languages|Yeniseian]] languages, like having a pitch accent, vowel harmony and vowel length distinction.


==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Flewtish officially is written with the Cyrillic script as law enforces it in Russia. However the language is biscriptal and hence, it uses both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written. Following are both scripts for writing the language:
Flewtish is officially written with the Cyrillic script as law enforces it in Russia. However, up until the [[w:Soviet Union|Soviet Union's]] dissolution in 1991, the language was actually written with the Latin script, which was brought over by Viking sailors. The Latin script is used mostly online and education is done almost exclusively in the Cyrillic-based alphabet instead.


<center>
<center>
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! colspan="27" | Cyrillic Script for Flewtish
! colspan="27" | Cyrillic Script for Flewtish
|-
|-
| Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || Ее /e/ || Зз /z/ || Ии /i/ || Ыы /ɨ/ || Кк /k/ || Лл /l/ || Мм /m/ || Нн /n/ || Оо /o/ || Өө /θ/ || Пп /p/ || Рр /ʁ/ || Тт /t/ || Сс /s/ || Уу /u/ || Фф /ɸ/ || Ьь (See below) || Ъъ (ʷ) ||Хх /h/ || Цц /t͡s/ || Чч /t͡ʃ/ || Шш /ʃ/
| Аа /a/ || Бб /b/ || Вв /v/ || Гг /g/ || Ғғ /ɣ/ || Дд /d/ || Ðð /ð/ || Ее /e/ || Зз /z/ || Ии /i/ || Ыы /ɨ/ || Ўў /y/ || Кк /k/ || Лл /l/ || Мм /m/ || Нн /n/ || Оо /o/ || Пп /p/ || Рр /ʁ/ || Тт /t/ || Сс /s/ || Уу /u/ || Фф /ɸ/ || Ъъ (ʷ) || Хх /ç/ || Цц /t͡s/ || Чч /t͡ʃ/ || Шш /ʃ/ || Ѡѡ /w/
|}
|}
</center>
</center>
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! colspan="27" | Latin Script for Flewtish
! colspan="27" | Latin Script for Flewtish
|-
|-
| Aa /a/ || Bb /b/ || Cc /t͡s/ || Dd /d/ || Đð /ð/ || Ee /e/ || Ff /ɸ/ || Ťť /θ/ || Gg /g/ || Hh /h/ || Ii /i/ || Yy /ɨ/ || Jj /ɣ/ || Kk /k/ || Ll /l/ || Mm /m/ || Nn /n/ || Oo /o/ || Pp /p/ || Rr /ʁ/ || Ss /s/ || Tt /t/ || Uu /u/ || Vv /v/ || Ṽṽ /w/ || Xx /ʒ/|| Zz /z/
| Aa /a/ || Bb /b/ || Cc /t͡s/ || Dd /d/ || Đð /ð/ || Ee /e/ || Ff /ɸ/ || Gg /g/ || Hh /ç/ || Ii /i/ || Yy /ɨ/ || Jj /ɣ/ || Kk /k/ || Ll /l/ || Mm /m/ || Nn /n/ || Oo /o/ || Pp /p/ || Rr /ʁ/ || Ss /s/ || Tt /t/ || Uu /u/ || Üü /y/ || Vv /v/ || Ww /w/ || Xx /ʒ/|| Zz /z/
|}
|}
</center>
</center>


In the beginning of words, 'c' will make the /k/ sound instead.
<small>In the beginning of words, 'c' will make the /k/ sound instead.</small>
 
''<small>*'Ьь' usually acts as a modifier letter on the preceding letter. Eg: Дь becomes /ð/, ВЬ becomes /w/, and Аь becomes /ɐ/.</small>''


The letters correspond always to their pronunciation. The orthography is considered a [[w:phonetic orthography|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography|French's]].
The letters correspond always to their pronunciation. The orthography is considered a [[w:phonetic orthography|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography|French's]].
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! English !! Flewtish
! English !! Flewtish
|-
|-
| I || Gṽõ
| I || Gwõ
|-
|-
| You || Xǐ
| You || Xǐ
|-
|-
| He/she || Tó/Scǒ
| He/she || Tó/Scõ
|-
|-
| We || Gṽõne
| We || Gwõne
|-
|-
| You (pl.) || Xíne
| You (pl.) || Xíne
|-
|-
| They || Tǒne (male) / Scõne (female)
| They || Tõne (male) / Scõne (female)
|}
|}
===Cases===
===Cases===
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|+ Cases in Flewtish
|+ Cases in Flewtish
|-
|-
! Case !! Affix !! Example !! English Approximation
! Case !! Affix !! Example !! English Approximation !! Notes
|-
|-
| Nominative || (None) || Dõmma || House
| Nominative || (None) || Dõmma || House || -
|-
|-
| Genitive || -y || Dõmmay || Of the house
| Genitive || -den || Dõmmaden || Of the house || -
|-
|-
| Accusative || -m || Dõmmam || The house
| Accusative || -m || Dõmmam || The house || The accusative is formed when an action is done upon the object.
|-
|-
| Vocative || -e || (Ē) Dõmmae || (Hey) house!
| Vocative || -e || (Ē) Dõmmae || (Hey) house! || Dialectal only, conflicts with suffix -e (Similar to English 'the')
|-
|-
| Adessive || -pṽo || Dõmmapṽo || At the house
| Adessive || -pṽo || Dõmmapwo || At the house || Dialectal only, usually fused with the inessive
|-
|-
| Inessive || -seg || Dõmmaseg || In the house
| Inessive || -seg || Dõmmaseg || In the house || Also exists as e-''root''-sek
|-
|-
| Ablative || -sce || Dõmmasce || From the house
| Ablative || -sce || Dõmmasce || From the house || -
|-
|-
| Essive || -l || Ēne Dõmmal || As a house
| Essive || -l || Ēne Dõmmal || As a house || Rare, now usually the Russian borrowing 'как' is used.
|-
|-
| Translative || -sej || Dõmmasej || (Transformed) into a house
| Translative || -sej || Dõmmasej || (Transformed) into a house
|-
|-
| Instrumental || -om || Dõmmaom || With a house
| Instrumental || -om || Dõmmaom || With a house || If it conflicts with the accusative, then it becomes -on
|}
|}
==Stress==
Flewtish is a tonal language and the first syllable of each word acquires a specific tone. There are three tones:
# The mild tone (Tonek midek) indicates that the pitch will rise in the first syllable and drop in the rest gradually.
# The rising tone (Tonek buhtajek) means the pitch will rise as the word is pronounced
# The falling tone (Tonek jebuhtajek) is the opposite of the rising one. Often however, it does not result in a falling pitch, but rather a longer vowel with the same pitch everywhere.


==Basic Vocabulary==
==Basic Vocabulary==
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| 3 || Three || Rǎx/Ръаж
| 3 || Three || Rǎx/Ръаж
|-
|-
| 4 || Four || Vũðes/‌Вудьесъ
| 4 || Four || Vũðes/‌Въуðесъ
|-
|-
| 5 || Five || Jiǒg/Гьиогъ
| 5 || Five || Jog/Ӻог
|-
|-
| 6 || Six || Gáṽo/Гавьо
| 6 || Six || Gáwo/Гаѡо
|-
|-
| 7 || Seven || Htájek/Хтагьек
| 7 || Seven || Htájek/Хтагьек
|-
|-
| 8 || Eight || Prǔnd/Прунд
| 8 || Eight || Xü/Жў
|-
|-
| 9 || Nine || Nãkk/Наак
| 9 || Nine || Nãkk/Наак
Line 144: Line 135:
! English || Flewtish || IPA
! English || Flewtish || IPA
|-
|-
| Yes || ''Gén'' || /ɡɛn/
| Yes || ''Ген'' || /ɡɛn/
|-
|-
| No || ''Gěnde'' || /ˈɡɛn.dɛ/
| No || ''Генде'' || /ˈɡɛn.dɛ/
|-
|-
| Hello! || Scýṽugs || /ˈʃɨwœɡs/
| Hello! || Шыԝегс || /ˈʃɨwœɡs/
|-
|-
| Good morning! || ''Jūg hárṽag!'' || /ɣuːɡ ˈχaʁwaɡ/
| Good morning! || ''Jūg hárṽag!'' || /ɣuːɡ ˈχaʁwaɡ/
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'''Flewtish''':
'''Flewtish''':
Cǒ ṽíxe génvacaktu svabódaek é jȳfisciek sǎnseg é práṽa. Odaréndutu céṽogom é sǒṽescom, é xěcentu fãlsegfal ṽěnciseg zãkkaramtun.
Cǒ wíxe jénvacaktu svabódaek é jǖfisciek sǎnseg é práwa. Odaréndutu céwogom é sǒwescom, é xěcentu fãlsegfal wěnciseg zãkkaramtun.


'''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''':
'''Flewtish (Cyrillic)''':
Ко вьиже генвацакту свабодаек е гьыфишиек сансег е правьа. Одарендуту кевьогом е совьешом, е жеценту фалсегфал вьенцисег заккарамтун.
Ко ѡиже ӻенвацакту свабодаек е гьўфишиек сансег е праѡа. Одарендуту кеѡогом е соѡешом, е жеценту фалсегфал ѡенцисег заккарамтун.


===The lion and the boar (Aisop)===
===The lion and the boar (Aisop)===

Revision as of 20:21, 5 November 2023


Flewtish
Flũtṽa / Флӯтвьа
Created byAggelos Tselios
Date2023
Native toRussia, Finland
Native speakersapprox. 1 million (2023)
Official status
Official language in
Karelian Republic
Regulated byInstitutgog Standardzabirokid Flutvas Glung (Institute of Standardization of the Flewtish Language)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Flewtish (endonym: Flũtṽa (cyr. Флутвьа) [ˈɸluːtwa] or Flũtṽas glung [ˈɸluːtwas ɡluːŋ]) is a language spoken by the majority of the population in much of Northwest Russia and the Karelia region. Flewtish is a language isolate, meaning it does not genetically relate to any other known language on the planet.

Flewtish is typologically agglutinative, using almost exclusively suffixal affixation to indicate number, tense, person and case. Flewtish is partially a null-subject language, depending on whether the subject can be implicitly indicated with certainty or not. Due to the sprachbund effect, Flewtish is an SVO language, but more archaic dialects are actually SOV ones. It is a biscriptal language, using both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts to be written. An important aspect of the language is differentiating between labialized and non-labialized consonants (Referred in Flewtish as "rounded" and "unrounded") see eg. /ˈkʷáɣ.ok/ "Warmth" and /ˈkáɣ.ok/ "Deer".

Etymology and history

'Flũtṽa is an evolution of Proto-Flewtish *ɸlydʰa, meaning "Blooming" or "Saturated". The reason for this name is that the regions that Flewtish speakers settled were far more greener and developed than their previous homeland. Flewtish is possibly a Paleo-siberian language that through migration reached it's current territory. This can be further supported by similarities with the Yeniseian languages, like having a pitch accent, vowel harmony and vowel length distinction.

Orthography

Flewtish is officially written with the Cyrillic script as law enforces it in Russia. However, up until the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, the language was actually written with the Latin script, which was brought over by Viking sailors. The Latin script is used mostly online and education is done almost exclusively in the Cyrillic-based alphabet instead.

Cyrillic Script for Flewtish
Аа /a/ Бб /b/ Вв /v/ Гг /g/ Ғғ /ɣ/ Дд /d/ Ðð /ð/ Ее /e/ Зз /z/ Ии /i/ Ыы /ɨ/ Ўў /y/ Кк /k/ Лл /l/ Мм /m/ Нн /n/ Оо /o/ Пп /p/ Рр /ʁ/ Тт /t/ Сс /s/ Уу /u/ Фф /ɸ/ Ъъ (ʷ) Хх /ç/ Цц /t͡s/ Чч /t͡ʃ/ Шш /ʃ/ Ѡѡ /w/


Latin Script for Flewtish
Aa /a/ Bb /b/ Cc /t͡s/ Dd /d/ Đð /ð/ Ee /e/ Ff /ɸ/ Gg /g/ Hh /ç/ Ii /i/ Yy /ɨ/ Jj /ɣ/ Kk /k/ Ll /l/ Mm /m/ Nn /n/ Oo /o/ Pp /p/ Rr /ʁ/ Ss /s/ Tt /t/ Uu /u/ Üü /y/ Vv /v/ Ww /w/ Xx /ʒ/ Zz /z/

In the beginning of words, 'c' will make the /k/ sound instead.

The letters correspond always to their pronunciation. The orthography is considered a phonetic, as opposed to deep orthographies like French's.

Grammar

Pronouns

Flewtish contains the usual three pronouns, with a distinction on the third person pronouns for female and male. Flewtish does not use standalone pronouns often, resorting instead to suffixes on the root verb.

Pronouns in Flewtish
English Flewtish
I Gwõ
You Xǐ
He/she Tó/Scõ
We Gwõne
You (pl.) Xíne
They Tõne (male) / Scõne (female)

Cases

Flewtish has 10 cases, most of which correspond to English prepositions. The Arkhangelsk dialect contains an additional two.

Cases in Flewtish
Case Affix Example English Approximation Notes
Nominative (None) Dõmma House -
Genitive -den Dõmmaden Of the house -
Accusative -m Dõmmam The house The accusative is formed when an action is done upon the object.
Vocative -e (Ē) Dõmmae (Hey) house! Dialectal only, conflicts with suffix -e (Similar to English 'the')
Adessive -pṽo Dõmmapwo At the house Dialectal only, usually fused with the inessive
Inessive -seg Dõmmaseg In the house Also exists as e-root-sek
Ablative -sce Dõmmasce From the house -
Essive -l Ēne Dõmmal As a house Rare, now usually the Russian borrowing 'как' is used.
Translative -sej Dõmmasej (Transformed) into a house
Instrumental -om Dõmmaom With a house If it conflicts with the accusative, then it becomes -on

Basic Vocabulary

Numbers

Numbers from 0-10 in Flewtish
Number English Flewtish
0 Zero Ěndul/Ендъул
1 One Fál/Фал
2 Two Āy/Ааы
3 Three Rǎx/Ръаж
4 Four Vũðes/‌Въуðесъ
5 Five Jog/Ӻог
6 Six Gáwo/Гаѡо
7 Seven Htájek/Хтагьек
8 Eight Xü/Жў
9 Nine Nãkk/Наак
10 Ten Cárposct/Къарпошт

Conversation

English Flewtish IPA
Yes Ген /ɡɛn/
No Генде /ˈɡɛn.dɛ/
Hello! Шыԝегс /ˈʃɨwœɡs/
Good morning! Jūg hárṽag! /ɣuːɡ ˈχaʁwaɡ/
Good night! Jūg míkṽug /ɣuːɡ ˈmikwuɡ/
Have a nice day! Kãrṽazu júg cõjet! /kaːʁ.wazu ɣuːɡ t͡soːɣɛt/
Goodbye! Níkṽog /ˈnikwoɡ/
Thank you! Scprēn vug! /ʃpʁɛːn βuɡ/
Who? Ǐṽa /iː.wa/
What? Xár /ʒaʁ/
When? Énṽo /ˈenwo/
Where? Gṽā /ɡwa/
How? Ṽárcog /wɐʁt͡soɡ/
Why Pēkket /peːket/
Again Ṽúj /wuɡ/
What is your name? Xár ṽãrpagzu? /ʒaʁ waːʁpaɡzu/
My name is... Ṽǎrpagṽo ... /ˈwaː.ʁpaˌɡwo/
Do you speak English? Kiálltezu Anglitsékgog? //
I do not understand Flewtish. Gěnde kṽappasṽog Flutṽas. //
Help me! Pámagitekgṽo! //
How much is it? Ṽárcogitt //
Where are you from? Gṽǎzugyṽos? //

Sample text

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

Flewtish: Cǒ wíxe jénvacaktu svabódaek é jǖfisciek sǎnseg é práwa. Odaréndutu céwogom é sǒwescom, é xěcentu fãlsegfal wěnciseg zãkkaramtun.

Flewtish (Cyrillic): Ко ѡиже ӻенвацакту свабодаек е гьўфишиек сансег е праѡа. Одарендуту кеѡогом е соѡешом, е жеценту фалсегфал ѡенцисег заккарамтун.

The lion and the boar (Aisop)

English:

On a summer day, when the great heat induced a general thirst, a Lion and a Boar came at the same moment to a small well to drink. They fiercely disputed which of them should drink first, and were soon engaged in the agonies of a mortal combat. On their stopping on a sudden to take breath for the fiercer renewal of the strife, they saw some Vultures waiting in the distance to feast on the one which should fall first. They at once made up their quarrel, saying: "It is better for us to make friends, than to become the food of Crows or Vultures, as will certainly happen if we are disabled."

Flewtish (Latin script):

Fál hãltacojetseg, âmge sîta fárki kāscibetuja génikeg tǐða, fál liōnda é fál kǎban stǎxanetuja kízyseg kalaðétsy kũngatuja. Ṽěgleptuja pãtomi htǒk ýpatuja fāleg kũngatuja, é lũnda htúkṽatuja ágonijokseg fál smērtelnig púpa. Kǒntegtukoseg fál stũja scǔnðag klãmnjo konfliktǎis, tíndakutsejoktuja kíttetuni lādotu fálgiseg htǒk patáppio. Shtísegtu bãloshtatu, kiēlitu: "Grǒta gũjid drúgok, kīd gũva sctǎtla vũrisid mé vũlturok, ǎndana ṽúd rikkigũjokiv.

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