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| *Differs more from Hindustani than Yiddish does from German | | *Differs more from Hindustani than Yiddish does from German |
| *Lot of additional palatalization | | *Lot of additional palatalization |
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| ==Naengic==
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| *Syllable structure: (C)(ə).(C)(C)V(C)[sʔ]
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| *VSO and head-initial, of course
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| *The unmarked 'absolute state' marked the end of the noun phrase. 'Construct state' or the connective was marked with a clitic ''*-s''.
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|
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="8"|Proto-Nängic consonants
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |
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| ! |Labial
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| ! |Dental
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| ! |Alveolar
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| ! |Palatal
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| ! |Velar
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| ! |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | *m
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| |colspan="2"| *n
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| | *ɲ
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| | *ŋ
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |Plosive
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| !|<small>plain</small>
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| | *p
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| |colspan="2"| *t
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| | *c
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| | *k
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| | *ʔ
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| |-
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| !|<small>voiced</small>
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| | *b?
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| |colspan="2"| *d?
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| | *ɟ?
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| | *g?
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| |-
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| !|<small>implosive</small>
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| | *ɓ
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| |colspan="2"| *ɗ
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| | *ʄ
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| | *θ
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| | *ç
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| | *h
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2"|Trill
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| | *r
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Lat. app.
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| | *l
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | *w
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| | *j
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| |}
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="4" | Proto-Nängic vowels
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="1" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | *i
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| | *u
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | *e
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| | *ə
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| | *o
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | *æ
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| | *ɒ
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| |}
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| ===Trây-Mèk===
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| ====Trây====
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| =====PNaeng > Trây=====
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| *{{recon|VC[+voiced]}} > {{recon|VːC[+voiceless]}}
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| *''{{recon|ç}}'' > [ʒ] / #_[+voiced], [ʃ] / otherwise
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| *''{{recon|-s}}'' > [+phonation magic] > vowel changes and ablaut
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| *''{{recon|tç-}}'', ''{{recon|cç-}}'', ''{{recon|tc-}}'' > ''{{recon|çç-}}'' > [s] {{angbr|''ß''}}
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|
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| ====Mèk====
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|
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| ===Bôr===
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| *{{recon|θ}} > {{recon|v}}
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| *{{recon|d}} > {{recon|ð}} > {{recon|z}}
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| *{{recon|c-}} > {{recon|t͡s-}}
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| *{{recon|lV}}, {{recon|rV}} > {{recon|Vr}}, {{recon|Vl}}? Or {{recon|Cl-}}, {{recon|Cr-}} > {{recon|Cˤ}}?
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="16"|Bôr-A consonants
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
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| ! colspan="2" |Labial
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| ! colspan="2" |Alveolar
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| ! colspan="2" |Palatal
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| ! colspan="2" |Velar
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| ! colspan="2" |Glottal
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| |-
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>phar.</small>
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>phar.</small>
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>phar.</small>
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>phar.</small>
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| ! |<small>plain</small>
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| ! |<small>phar.</small>
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
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| | '''m''' /m/
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| | '''ml''' /mˤ/
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| | '''n''' /n/
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| | '''nl''' /nˤ/
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| | '''ñ''' /ɲ/
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| | '''ñl''' /ɲˤ/
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| | '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
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| | '''ŋl''' /ŋˤ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
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| !|<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''p''' /p/
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| | '''pl''' /pˤ/
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| | '''t''' /t/
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| | '''tl''' /tˤ/
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| | '''k''' /k/
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| | '''kl''' /kˤ/
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| | '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
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| |-
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| !|<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''b''' /b/
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| | '''bl''' /bˤ/
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| | '''d''' /d/
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| | '''dl''' /dˤ/
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| | '''g''' /g/
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| | '''gl''' /gˤ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
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| !|<small>voiceless</small>
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| | '''s''' /s/
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| | '''sl''' /x/
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| | '''h''' /h/
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| |-
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| !|<small>voiced</small>
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| | '''f''' /v/
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| | '''fl, wl''' /vˤ/
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| | '''z''' /z/
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| | '''zl''' /ɣ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" style="" |Affricate
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| | '''c''' /ts/
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| | '''cl''' /tsˤ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Lat. app.
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| | '''l''' /l/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | '''w''' /w/
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| | '''j''' /j/
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| |}
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! colspan="7" | Bôr vowels
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Front
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
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| !style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | '''ı''' /i/
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| | '''ır''' /iː/
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| | '''u''' /ɯ/
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| | '''ur''' /ɯː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | '''e''' /ɛ/
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| | '''er''' /ɛː/
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| | '''y''' /ə/
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| | '''yr''' /əː/
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| | '''o''' /ɔ/
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| | '''or''' /ɔː/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | '''a''' /a/
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| | '''ar''' /aː/
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| |}
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|
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| ====Tones!====
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| *'''a''': low level/modal
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| *'''ä''': high breathy
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| *'''ą''': low nasalized dipping
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| *'''ā''': high tense
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| *'''ȧ''': glottalized
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| *'''â''': sharp falling
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| ==Atzòpic== | | ==Atzòpic== |