Minhast: Difference between revisions
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=== Negation === | === Negation === | ||
Minhast has a standard negator particle ''hatā''' ("no", "not") that comes clause-initially. It may be joined to the clause via preposed-''wa='' binding, or it may remain independent. The verbal prefix ''ta-'' is also used to negate clauses. ''Hatā''' typically appears as a response to yes-no questions. ''Hatā''' may co-occur with the ''ta-'' marked verb; if so ''hatā''' is followed by a pause, unless it is joined to the clause via ''wa='' binding. Finally, the negative existential particle ''hambin'' may be used to negate the clause, in which case it must be bound to the clause by ''wa='', and the verb must be marked by the prefix ''ta-''. The ''hambin''-construction is particularly emphatic, and is best translated as "There is no one who..." or "There is nothing that...". | Minhast has a standard negator particle ''hatā' '' ("no", "not") that comes clause-initially. It may be joined to the clause via preposed-''wa='' binding, or it may remain independent. The verbal prefix ''ta-'' is also used to negate clauses. ''Hatā' '' typically appears as a response to yes-no questions. ''Hatā' '' may co-occur with the ''ta-'' marked verb; if so ''hatā' '' is followed by a pause, unless it is joined to the clause via ''wa='' binding. Finally, the negative existential particle ''hambin'' may be used to negate the clause, in which case it must be bound to the clause by ''wa='', and the verb must be marked by the prefix ''ta-''. The ''hambin''-construction is particularly emphatic, and is best translated as "There is no one who..." or "There is nothing that...". | ||
The following examples illustrate the usage of ''hatā''', ''ta-'', and ''hambin'' for negation: | The following examples illustrate the usage of ''hatā''', ''ta-'', and ''hambin'' for negation: | ||
1) ''Hatā' ušnekaru'' ("I did not hit him"). | 1) ''Hatā' ušnekaru'' ("I did not hit him").<br/> | ||
2) ''Hatā', hata' ušnekaru'' ("No, I did not hit him"). | 2) ''Hatā', hata' ušnekaru'' ("No, I did not hit him").<br/> | ||
2) ''Hatā', ta'ušnekaru'' ("No, I did not hit him"). | 2) ''Hatā', ta'ušnekaru'' ("No, I did not hit him").<br/> | ||
3) ''Hatā' watta'ušnekaru'' ("No, I definitely did not hit him"). | 3) ''Hatā' watta'ušnekaru'' ("No, I definitely did not hit him").<br/> | ||
4) ''Ta'ušnekaru'' ("I did not hit him"). | 4) ''Ta'ušnekaru'' ("I did not hit him").<br/> | ||
5) ''Hambin watta'ušnaru'' ("There was no one who hit him") | 5) ''Hambin watta'ušnaru'' ("There was no one who hit him")<br/> | ||
=== Conjunctions and Connectives=== | === Conjunctions and Connectives=== | ||