Hammadhi: Difference between revisions
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
The name ''ħammāðī'' comes from Sanskrit ''saṃvāda'' "conversation" with the adjectival suffix ''-ī'' (from Sanskrit ''-ika''). Therefore, its original meaning would have been "conversational [speech]" - i.e. the language used in everyday conversation. | |||
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Revision as of 22:54, 19 March 2024
Hammadhi (native: حمّاذي /ħamːaːðiː/) is an Indo-Aryan language.
Introduction
The name ħammāðī comes from Sanskrit saṃvāda "conversation" with the adjectival suffix -ī (from Sanskrit -ika). Therefore, its original meaning would have been "conversational [speech]" - i.e. the language used in everyday conversation.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar/ Palatal | Velar/ Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | م m | ن n | ݧ ñ ɲ | ڹ ŋ | |||||
| Stop | voiceless | پ p | ت t t̪ | ٿ t t | ك k | ء ʔ | |||
| voiced | ب b | د d d̪ | ڐ d d | ڭ ɡ | |||||
| emphatic | ڀ ṗ pˁ | ط ṭ t̪ˁ | ق q | ||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | چ č tʃ | |||||||
| voiced | ج j dʒ | ||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ف f | ث θ | س s | ش š ʃ | خ x χ | ح ḥ ħ | هـ h | |
| voiced | ذ ð | ز z | غ ğ ʁ | ع ʕ | |||||
| emphatic | ص ṣ sˁ | ||||||||
| Trill | ر r | ||||||||
| Approximant | ل l | ي y j | و w | ||||||
Comments:
¹ Dental stops are laminal, while alveolar stops are apical.
Vowels
| Short | Long | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front | Back | Front | Back | |
| Close | بِ i | بُ u | بِي ī iː | بُو ū uː |
| Mid | بٖ e | بٗ o | بٖي ē eː | بٗو ō oː |
| Open | بَ a | بَا ā aː | ||
| Diphthongs | بَوْ au aw; بَيْ ai aj | |||
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
| Person | Number | Familiarity | Direct | Oblique | Possessive |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S | Informal | عاڹ ʕāŋ | مي mē | مج majj |
| Formal | هم ham | همان hamān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | بيڹ bēŋ | نو nō | نون nōn | ||
| 2 | S | Informal | پاڹ pāŋ | تي tē | تج tujj |
| Formal | چم čum | چمان čumān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | جوڹ jūŋ | بو bō | بون bōn | ||
| 3 | S | Informal | إيڹ ʔēŋ | نين nēn | أچ ʔačč |
| Formal | إيح ʔēħ | إيحان ʔēħān | |||
| P | Informal | ||||
| Formal | إم ʔim | جو jō | جون jōn | ||
Numerals
| # | Cardinal | Ordinal | Fractional |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | حݧ ħuññ | حݧم ħuññam | — |
| 1 | إك ʔekk | پشم pašam | ڀن ṗunn |
| 2 | بي bē | بيجم bījjam | هڐا haddā |
| 3 | ٿي tē | ٿيجم tījjam | ٿباغ tibāğ |
| 4 | صوار ṣawār | صوارم ṣawāram | صوٿ ṣaut |
| 5 | ڀنز ṗanz | ڀنزم ṗanzam | |
| 6 | سٿ satt | سٿم sattam | |
| 7 | حت ħatt | حتم ħattam | |
| 8 | هٿا hattā | هٿام hattām | |
| 9 | نو naww | نوم nawwam | |
| 10 | دح daħ | دحم daħam | |
| 11 | ياذح yāðaħ | ياذحم yāðaħam | |
| 12 | باذح bāðaħ | باذحم bāðaħam | |
| 13 | ٿيذح tēðaħ | ٿيذحم tēðaħam | |
| 14 | صوڐح ṣaudaħ | صوڐحم ṣaudaħam | |
| 15 | ڀنڐح ṗandaħ | ڀنڐحم ṗandaħam | |
| 16 | حولح ħōlaħ | حولحم ħōlaħam | |
| 17 | حذح ħaððaħ | حذحم ħaððaħam | |
| 18 | هٿاذح hattāðaħ | هٿاذحم hattāðaħam | |
| 19 | نوذح nōðaħ | نوذحم nōðaħam | |
| 20 | بيح bīħ | بيحم bīħam | |
| 21 | بيحا إك bīħā ʔekk | بيحا إكم bīħā ʔekkam | |
| 30 | ٿيح tīħ | ٿيحم tīħam | |
| 40 | صواريح ṣawārīħ | صواريحم ṣawārīħam | |
| 50 | ڀنزيح ṗanzīħ | ڀنزيحم ṗanzīħam | |
| 60 | سٿيح sattīħ | سٿيحم sattīħam | |
| 70 | حتيح ħattīħ | حتيحم ħattīħam | |
| 80 | هٿائيح hattāʔīħ | هٿائيحم hattāʔīħam | |
| 90 | نويح nawwīħ | نويحم nawwīħam | |
| 100 | حو ħaww | حوم ħawwam | |
| 101 | حو إك ħaww ʔekk | حو إكم ħaww ʔekkam | |
| 200 | بي حو bē ħaww | بي حوم bē ħawwam | |
| 1000 | حاچ ħāč | حاچم ħāčam | |