Flei: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
|creator = [[User:IlL|Inthar]]
|name = {{SUBPAGENAME}}
|image =
|setting = [[Verse:Anachron]]
|nativename =
|pronunciation =
|region = Europe; North America
|states =
|speakers =
|date =
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=Indo-European
|fam2=(stem-)Celtic
}}


'''Shemroghian''', natively ''thabbåthănå Šemrăghåkhănå'' (< PCel sindā tangwāts swemrogākā 'own region's language') is an Aramaic bogolang in the Celtic family.
''πăraqliτ'' = advocate, attorney, etc.
''askolå, asτråτeghyå, ukhlusin''
borrow ''Mabinogion'' as ''Mabhnoghin''?
borrow -ium/-ion as -in: opsarion > uπsărin 'culinary fish', -in is also a diminutive which is used a lot
sP sT sq -> asP asT asq (skhole > askola)
change o to a? bodhi > badhi
== Phonology ==
Consonants: same as Aramaic but no pharyngeals and no ts and added emphatic p; emphatic stops written π τ (capital Ʈ) q.
v = bh
Coronal stops/spirants are dental.
Native words only use bgdkpt stops which lenite like in Aramaic; φ > h
Vowels: i e a å o u ă /i e æ A o u ä/
Stress shifts to ultimate stress, and then to the last non-ultimate non-shva syllable
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Nouns have 3 genders (m, f, n), 2 numbers (sg, pl) and 3 cases (nom, gen, prep/dat), and also inflect for definiteness. The dative is used for indirect objects, and sometimes for prepositional objects. When a locative preposition can use both the dative and the accusative, the dative denotes being at the location and the nominative denotes motion towards the location.
turn pl acc to pl nom (happened to Irish definite articles)
The pl gen of nouns declines as an -o/-ā adjective.
The definite article is ''hid-/hiC-'' (when not leniting) or ''hī'' (when leniting).
==== -o stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''map'' (m.) 'boy' (< {{recon|makkʷos}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''map''<br/>''mappăsen''||''mappun''<br/>''mappănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mappi''<br/>''mappăni''||''mappåkh''<br/>''mappănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''mappu''<br/>''mappănu''||''mappåbh''<br/>''mappănåbh''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''dun'' (n.) 'fort' (< {{recon|dūnom}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''dun''<br/>''dunănen''||''dunå''<br/>''dunănå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''duni''<br/>''dunăni''||''dunåkh''<br/>''dunănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''dunu''<br/>''dunănu''||''dunåbh''<br/>''dunănåbh''
|}
==== -yo stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''ári'' 'lion' (random semantic shift from {{recon|aryos}} 'noble one')
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''ári''<br/>''aryăsen''||''aryun''<br/>''aryănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''aryi''<br/>''aryăni''||''aryåkh''<br/>''aryănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''aryu''<br/>''aryănu''||''aryåbh''<br/>''aryănåbh''
|}
==== -ā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''breghå'' (f.) 'power, might' (< {{recon|brigā}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''breghå''<br/>''breghănå''||''breghån''<br/>''breghănån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''breghåh''<br/>''breghăsåh''||''breghåkh''<br/>''breghănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''breghe''<br/>''breghăne''||''breghåbh''<br/>''breghănåbh''
|}
==== -i stems ====
Old m:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''knåm'' (m.) 'bone' (< {{recon|knāmis}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''knåm''<br/>''knåmăsen''||''knåmin''<br/>''knåmănun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''knåmeh''<br/>''knåmăsi''||''knåmekh''<br/>''knåmănen''
|-
!|Dative
|''knåmi''<br/>''knåmănu''||''knåmebh''<br/>''knåmănåbh''
|}
Old neuters:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''mor'' (n.) 'sea' (< {{recon|mori}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''mor''||''moryå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''măreh''||''mărekh''
|-
!|Dative
|''mări''||''mărebh''
|}
==== -ī stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bledhăni'' (f.) 'year' (< {{recon|blēdanī}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''bledhăni''||''bledhănin''
|-
!|Genitive
|''bledhanyåh''||''bledhănekh''
|-
!|Dative
|''bledhanye''||''bledhănebh''
|}
==== -u-stems ====
m/f:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''dăréseτ'' (m.) 'door' (< {{recon|dworestus}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''dăréseτ''||''dărisτun''
|-
!|Genitive
|''dărisτoh''||''dărisτåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''dărisτu''||''dărisτåbh''
|}
neuter:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''eydh'' (n.) 'fire' (< {{recon|aidu}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''eydh''||''eydhå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''eydhoh''||''eydhåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''eydhu''||''eydhåbh''
|}
==== Consonant stems ====
some rethematize to ā feminines
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''minå'' (f.) 'month' (< {{recon|mīns}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''minå''||''minån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''minåh''||''minåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''mine''||''minåbh''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''kahăru'' (f.) 'sheep' (< {{recon|kaφerūxs}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''kahăru''||''kahăråkhån''
|-
!|Genitive
|''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåkh''
|-
!|Dative
|''kahăråkh''||''kahăråkhåbh''
|}
=== Adjectives ===
similar to nouns, but gen pl uses the original PCel ending
==== -o/-ā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bån'' 'white' (< {{recon|bānos}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''bån''||''bånå''||''bån''||''bånun''||''bånån''||''bånå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''båni''||''bånåh''||''båni''||colspan=3|''bån''
|-
!|Dative
|''bånu''||''båne''||''bånu''||colspan=3|''bånåbh''
|}
==== -yo/-yā stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''bódhi'' 'yellow' (< {{recon|bodyos}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''bódhi''||''bodhyå''||''bódhi''||''bodhyun''||''bodhyån''||''bodhyå''
|-
!|Genitive
|''bodhyi''||''bodhyåh''||''bodhyi''||colspan=3|''bódhi''
|-
!|Dative
|''bodhyu''||''bodhye''||''bodhyu''||colspan=3|''bodhyåbh''
|}
==== -i/-ī stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''math'' 'good' (< {{recon|matis}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|''math''||''măthi''||''math''||colspan=3|''măthin''
|-
!|Genitive
|''mătheh''||''mathyåh''||''mătheh''||colspan=3|''mathi''
|-
!|Dative
|''măthi''||''mathye''||''măthi''||colspan=3|''măthebh''
|}
==== -u stems ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''dobh'' 'black' (< {{recon|dubus}})
|-
!| !! sg. m. !! sg. f. !! sg. n. !! pl. m. !! pl. f. || pl. n.
|-
!|Nominative
|colspan=3|''dobh''||colspan=3|''dăbhun''
|-
!|Genitive
|colspan=3|''dăbhoh''||colspan=3|''dobh''
|-
!|Dative
|colspan=3|''dăbhu''||colspan=3|''dăbhåbh''
|}
=== Verbs ===
similar to Irish tenses with no compound tenses
* present: mārām, mārāsi, mārāti, mārāmu, mārāte, mārānti, mārātor -> måri, måråh, mårå, mårån, måråth, mårant/måratt, måråthor -> måri mi, måråh tu, måre/måri, mårån nih, måråth ših, måratt eh, mårăthor
* preterite
* future
* imperfect
* conditional
* imperative
== Syntax ==
SVO; mainly JBA features
[[Category:Celtic languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Revision as of 03:52, 21 March 2024

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