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The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology. | The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of | Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 33 consonants: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | ||
|+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg''' | |+ '''Consonant phonemes in Amisheg''' | ||
Revision as of 20:14, 27 August 2024
Phonology
The following describes Amisheg (Standard Sowaazh) phonology.
Consonants
Amisheg has a large consonant inventory of 33 consonants:
| Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | ny /ɲ/ | ||||
| Stop | tenuis | b /p/ | d /t̪/ | g /k/ | ɂ /ʔ/ | ||
| aspirated | p /pʰ/ | t /t̪ʰ/ | k /kʰ/ | ||||
| ejective | t' /t̪ʼ/ | k' /kʼ/ | |||||
| Affricate | tenuis | j /t̪s̪/ | jh /tʂ/ | jy /tɕ/ | |||
| aspirated | c /t̪s̪ʰ/ | ch /tʂʰ/ | cy /tɕʰ/ | ||||
| ejective | c' /t̪s̪ʼ/ | ch' /tʂʼ/ | cy' /tɕʼ/ | ||||
| Fricative | s /s̪/ | sh /ʂ/ | sy /ɕ/ | kh /x/ | h /h/ | ||
| Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | zh /ɻ/ | y, ly /j/ | |||
/mj pj pʰj/ are allowed before vowels.
Notes
All consonants in Amisheg are long, compared to English and other Sowaazh dialects: with plain stops the hold is longer, with aspirated stops the aspiration is longer, and with affricates the frication is longer. The voice onset time of the aspirated and ejective stops is twice as long as that found in most other languages.
Vowels
Amisheg has only 4 vowel qualities, although there is phonemic vowel length and nasality.
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i, į | ii, įį /iː/ | u /ʊ/ | uu, ųų /uː/ |
| Open | e, ę /ɛ/ | ee, ęę /ɛː/ | a, ą /ɑ/ | aa, ąą /ɑː/ |