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* (''Standard Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈnɛɣɛl/ | * (''Standard Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈnɛɣɛl/ | ||
** (''Smyrna Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈnəɣəl] | ** (''Smyrna Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈnəɣəl] | ||
** (''Attalia Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ | ** (''Attalia Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈnæɣəl] | ||
** (''Prusa Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈnɛʁəl] | ** (''Prusa Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: [ˈnɛʁəl] | ||
* (''Classical Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈnaʕal/ | * (''Classical Phrygian'') [[Phonetics:IPA|IPA]]: /ˈnaʕal/ |
Revision as of 22:28, 6 September 2024
Phrygian
Etymology 1
From Classical Phrygian үɑɼɑʌ (naghal). Compare Hebrew נָגַר (nagar), Aramaic נְגַר (nəgar), Arabic نَجَلَ (najala), among others.
Pronunciation
Verb
Root |
---|
ү-ɼ-ʌ (n-gh-l) |
үɛ́ɼɛʌ • (néghel) (active íү{{{7}}}ɼɛʌ, passive ıóү{{{7}}}ɼɛʌ, middle үíү{{{7}}}ɼɛʌ, causative íүɛɼɼɛʌ)
- [verbal noun үɛɼɑ́ʌ] to beget, have offspring
- [verbal noun үɛɼɑ́ʌ] to father, sire
- [verbal noun үɛɼɑ́ʌɛɜ] (of liquids) to flow
- (causative, euphemism) to have sexual intercourse with
Inflection
Conjugation of үɛ́ɼɛʌ (néghel) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ƞpo үɛ́ɼɛʌ pro néghel | |||||||||||
verbal noun | үɛɼɑ́ʌ neghál |
үɛɼɑ́ʌɛɜ neghálesj | ||||||||||
participle | active middle |
үɑ́ɼɛʌ nághel |
үɑ́ɼʌɛɜ nághlesj | |||||||||
passive | үóıɼɛʌ núghel |
үóıɼʌɛɜ núghlesj | ||||||||||
causative | үɛɼɼɑ́ʌ negghál |
үɛɼɼɑ́ʌɛɜ negghálesj | ||||||||||
imperative | singular | óүɼoʌ ónghol |
oүɼoʌí ongholí | |||||||||
plural | oүɼoʌóı ongholú |
oүɼoʌɑ́ ongholá | ||||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
active voice | present | indicative | үɛ́ɼʌɛu néghlek |
uɛ́үɼɛʌ kénghel |
uɛүɼɛʌí kenghelí |
íүɼɛʌ ínghel |
rɛ́үɼɛʌ ténghel |
ıɛ́үɼɛʌ iénghel |
uɛүɼɛʌóı kenghelú |
uɛүɼɛʌɑ́ kenghelá |
ıүɼɛʌóı inghelú |
ıүɼɛʌɑ́ inghelá |
subjunctive | үɛɼʌóı neghlú |
uɛүɼɛʌóı kenghelú |
uɛүɼɛʌıóı kengheliú |
ıүɼɛʌóı inghelú |
rɛүɼɛʌóı tenghelú |
ıɛүɼɛʌóı ienghelú |
uɛүɼɛʌүóı kenghelnú |
uɛүɼɛʌɑıóı kenghelaiú |
ıүɼɛʌүóı inghelnú |
ıүɼɛʌɑıóı inghelaiú | ||
jussive | үɛ́ɼʌɛcɛ néghlese |
uɛ́үɼɛʌcɛ kénghelse |
uɛүɼɛʌícɛ kenghelíse |
íүɼɛʌcɛ ínghelse |
rɛ́үɼɛʌcɛ ténghelse |
ıɛ́үɼɛʌcɛ iénghelse |
uɛүɼɛʌóıco kenghelúso |
uɛүɼɛʌɑ́co kengheláso |
ıүɼɛʌóıco inghelúso |
ıүɼɛʌɑ́co ingheláso | ||
past | үɛ́ɼɛʌ néghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
passive voice | present | indicative | үóɼʌɛu nóghlek |
uóүɼɛʌ kónghel |
uoүɼɛʌí konghelí |
ıóүɼɛʌ iónghel |
róүɼɛʌ tónghel |
ıóүɼɛʌ iónghel |
uoүɼɛʌóı konghelú |
uoүɼɛʌɑ́ konghelá |
ıoүɼɛʌóı ionghelú |
ıoүɼɛʌɑ́ ionghelá |
subjunctive | үoɼʌóı noghlú |
uoүɼɛʌóı konghelú |
uoүɼɛʌıóı kongheliú |
ıoүɼɛʌóı ionghelú |
roүɼɛʌóı tonghelú |
ıóүɼɛʌóı iónghel |
uoүɼɛʌүóı konghelú |
uoүɼɛʌɑ́ıóı konghelá |
ıoүɼɛʌүóı ionghelú |
ıoүɼɛʌɑ́ıóı ionghelá | ||
jussive | үóɼʌɛcɛ nóghlese |
uóүɼɛʌcɛ kónghelse |
uoүɼɛʌícɛ konghelíse |
ıoүɼɛʌcɛ ionghelse |
róүɼɛʌcɛ tónghelse |
ıóүɼɛʌcɛ iónghelse |
uoүɼɛʌóıco konghelúso |
uoүɼɛʌɑ́co kongheláso |
ıoүɼɛʌóıco ionghelúso |
ıoүɼɛʌɑ́co iongheláso | ||
past | үóɼɛʌ nóghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
middle voice | present | indicative | ıɛ́үɛɼʌɛu iéneghlek |
uɛ́ïүɼɛʌ kéïnghel |
uɛïүɼɛʌí keïnghelí |
үíүɼɛʌ nínghel |
rɛ́ïүɼɛʌ téïnghel |
ıɛ́ïүɼɛʌ iéïnghel |
uɛïүɼɛʌóı keïnghelú |
uɛïүɼɛʌɑ́ keïnghelá |
үıүɼɛʌóı ninghelú |
үıүɼɛʌɑ́ ninghelá |
subjunctive | ıɛүɛɼʌóı ieneghlú |
uɛïүɼɛʌóı keïnghelú |
uɛïүɼɛʌıóı keïngheliú |
үıүɼɛʌóı ninghelú |
rɛïүɼɛʌóı teïnghelú |
ıɛïүɼɛʌóı ieïnghelú |
uɛïүɼɛʌүóı keïnghelnú |
uɛïүɼɛʌɑıóı keïnghelaiú |
үıүɼɛʌүóı ninghelnú |
үıүɼɛʌɑıóı ninghelaiú | ||
jussive | ıɛ́үɛɼʌɛcɛ iéneghlese |
uɛ́ïүɼɛʌcɛ kéïnghelse |
uɛïүɼɛʌícɛ keïnghelíse |
үíүɼɛʌcɛ nínghelse |
rɛ́ïүɼɛʌcɛ téïnghelse |
ıɛ́ïүɼɛʌcɛ iéïnghelse |
uɛïүɼɛʌóıco keïnghelúso |
uɛïүɼɛʌɑ́co keïngheláso |
үıүɼɛʌóıco ninghelúso |
үıүɼɛʌɑ́co ningheláso | ||
past | ıɛ́үɛɼɛʌ iéneghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
causative voice | present | indicative | үɛ́ɼɼɛʌɛu négghelek |
uɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌ kénegghel |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌí kenegghelí |
íүɛɼɼɛʌ ínegghel |
rɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌ ténegghel |
ıɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌ iénegghel |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌóı kenegghelú |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́ kenegghelá |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌóı inegghelú |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́ inegghelá |
subjunctive | үɛɼɼʌóı negghlú |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌóı kenegghelú |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌıóı keneggheliú |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌóı inegghelú |
rɛүɛɼɼɛʌóı tenegghelú |
ıɛүɛɼɼɛʌóı ienegghelú |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌүóı kenegghelnú |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́ıóı keneggheláiú |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌүóı inegghelnú |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́ıóı ineggheláiú | ||
jussive | үɛ́ɼɼʌɛcɛ négghlese |
uɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌcɛ kénegghelse |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌícɛ kenegghelíse |
íүɛɼɼɛʌcɛ ínegghelse |
rɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌcɛ ténegghelse |
ıɛ́үɛɼɼɛʌcɛ iénegghelse |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌóıco kenegghelúso |
uɛүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́co keneggheláso |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌóıco inegghelúso |
ıүɛɼɼɛʌɑ́co ineggheláso | ||
past | үɛ́ɼɼɛʌ négghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present |
Etymology 2
From Classical Phrygian үɑvɑʌ (naʿal). Compare Arabic نَعَلَ (naʿala), among others.
Pronunciation
Verb
Root |
---|
ү-v-ʌ (n-gh-l) |
үɛ́vɛʌ • (néghel) (active íү{{{7}}}vɛʌ, passive ıóү{{{7}}}vɛʌ, middle үíү{{{7}}}vɛʌ, causative íүɛvvɛʌ)
- to manufacture footwear
- (causative) to sole, shoe
Inflection
Conjugation of үɛ́vɛʌ (néghel) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ƞpo үɛ́vɛʌ pro néghel | |||||||||||
verbal noun | үɛvɑ́ʌ neghál |
үɛvɑ́ʌɛɜ neghálesj | ||||||||||
participle | active middle |
үɑ́vɛʌ nághel |
үɑ́vʌɛɜ nághlesj | |||||||||
passive | үóıvɛʌ núghel |
үóıvʌɛɜ núghlesj | ||||||||||
causative | үɛvvɑ́ʌ negghál |
үɛvvɑ́ʌɛɜ negghálesj | ||||||||||
imperative | singular | óүvoʌ ónghol |
oүvoʌí ongholí | |||||||||
plural | oүvoʌóı ongholú |
oүvoʌɑ́ ongholá | ||||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||||
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
active voice | present | indicative | үɛ́vʌɛu néghlek |
uɛ́үvɛʌ kénghel |
uɛүvɛʌí kenghelí |
íүvɛʌ ínghel |
rɛ́үvɛʌ ténghel |
ıɛ́үvɛʌ iénghel |
uɛүvɛʌóı kenghelú |
uɛүvɛʌɑ́ kenghelá |
ıүvɛʌóı inghelú |
ıүvɛʌɑ́ inghelá |
subjunctive | үɛvʌóı neghlú |
uɛүvɛʌóı kenghelú |
uɛүvɛʌıóı kengheliú |
ıүvɛʌóı inghelú |
rɛүvɛʌóı tenghelú |
ıɛүvɛʌóı ienghelú |
uɛүvɛʌүóı kenghelnú |
uɛүvɛʌɑıóı kenghelaiú |
ıүvɛʌүóı inghelnú |
ıүvɛʌɑıóı inghelaiú | ||
jussive | үɛ́vʌɛcɛ néghlese |
uɛ́үvɛʌcɛ kénghelse |
uɛүvɛʌícɛ kenghelíse |
íүvɛʌcɛ ínghelse |
rɛ́үvɛʌcɛ ténghelse |
ıɛ́үvɛʌcɛ iénghelse |
uɛүvɛʌóıco kenghelúso |
uɛүvɛʌɑ́co kengheláso |
ıүvɛʌóıco inghelúso |
ıүvɛʌɑ́co ingheláso | ||
past | үɛ́vɛʌ néghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
passive voice | present | indicative | үóvʌɛu nóghlek |
uóүvɛʌ kónghel |
uoүvɛʌí konghelí |
ıóүvɛʌ iónghel |
róүvɛʌ tónghel |
ıóүvɛʌ iónghel |
uoүvɛʌóı konghelú |
uoүvɛʌɑ́ konghelá |
ıoүvɛʌóı ionghelú |
ıoүvɛʌɑ́ ionghelá |
subjunctive | үovʌóı noghlú |
uoүvɛʌóı konghelú |
uoүvɛʌıóı kongheliú |
ıoүvɛʌóı ionghelú |
roүvɛʌóı tonghelú |
ıóүvɛʌóı iónghel |
uoүvɛʌүóı konghelú |
uoүvɛʌɑ́ıóı konghelá |
ıoүvɛʌүóı ionghelú |
ıoүvɛʌɑ́ıóı ionghelá | ||
jussive | үóvʌɛcɛ nóghlese |
uóүvɛʌcɛ kónghelse |
uoүvɛʌícɛ konghelíse |
ıoүvɛʌcɛ ionghelse |
róүvɛʌcɛ tónghelse |
ıóүvɛʌcɛ iónghelse |
uoүvɛʌóıco konghelúso |
uoүvɛʌɑ́co kongheláso |
ıoүvɛʌóıco ionghelúso |
ıoүvɛʌɑ́co iongheláso | ||
past | үóvɛʌ nóghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
middle voice | present | indicative | ıɛ́үɛvʌɛu iéneghlek |
uɛ́ïүvɛʌ kéïnghel |
uɛïүvɛʌí keïnghelí |
үíүvɛʌ nínghel |
rɛ́ïүvɛʌ téïnghel |
ıɛ́ïүvɛʌ iéïnghel |
uɛïүvɛʌóı keïnghelú |
uɛïүvɛʌɑ́ keïnghelá |
үıүvɛʌóı ninghelú |
үıүvɛʌɑ́ ninghelá |
subjunctive | ıɛүɛvʌóı ieneghlú |
uɛïүvɛʌóı keïnghelú |
uɛïүvɛʌıóı keïngheliú |
үıүvɛʌóı ninghelú |
rɛïүvɛʌóı teïnghelú |
ıɛïүvɛʌóı ieïnghelú |
uɛïүvɛʌүóı keïnghelnú |
uɛïүvɛʌɑıóı keïnghelaiú |
үıүvɛʌүóı ninghelnú |
үıүvɛʌɑıóı ninghelaiú | ||
jussive | ıɛ́үɛvʌɛcɛ iéneghlese |
uɛ́ïүvɛʌcɛ kéïnghelse |
uɛïүvɛʌícɛ keïnghelíse |
үíүvɛʌcɛ nínghelse |
rɛ́ïүvɛʌcɛ téïnghelse |
ıɛ́ïүvɛʌcɛ iéïnghelse |
uɛïүvɛʌóıco keïnghelúso |
uɛïүvɛʌɑ́co keïngheláso |
үıүvɛʌóıco ninghelúso |
үıүvɛʌɑ́co ningheláso | ||
past | ıɛ́үɛvɛʌ iéneghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present | |||||||||||
ɛүɑ́ | ɛүq | oɛ | ıɛ | ɛүɛ́n | ɛ́үqoɯ | ɛ́үqɛï | oɯ | ɛıı | ||||
causative voice | present | indicative | үɛ́vvɛʌɛu négghelek |
uɛ́үɛvvɛʌ kénegghel |
uɛүɛvvɛʌí kenegghelí |
íүɛvvɛʌ ínegghel |
rɛ́үɛvvɛʌ ténegghel |
ıɛ́үɛvvɛʌ iénegghel |
uɛүɛvvɛʌóı kenegghelú |
uɛүɛvvɛʌɑ́ kenegghelá |
ıүɛvvɛʌóı inegghelú |
ıүɛvvɛʌɑ́ inegghelá |
subjunctive | үɛvvʌóı negghlú |
uɛүɛvvɛʌóı kenegghelú |
uɛүɛvvɛʌıóı keneggheliú |
ıүɛvvɛʌóı inegghelú |
rɛүɛvvɛʌóı tenegghelú |
ıɛүɛvvɛʌóı ienegghelú |
uɛүɛvvɛʌүóı kenegghelnú |
uɛүɛvvɛʌɑ́ıóı keneggheláiú |
ıүɛvvɛʌүóı inegghelnú |
ıүɛvvɛʌɑ́ıóı ineggheláiú | ||
jussive | үɛ́vvʌɛcɛ négghlese |
uɛ́үɛvvɛʌcɛ kénegghelse |
uɛүɛvvɛʌícɛ kenegghelíse |
íүɛvvɛʌcɛ ínegghelse |
rɛ́үɛvvɛʌcɛ ténegghelse |
ıɛ́үɛvvɛʌcɛ iénegghelse |
uɛүɛvvɛʌóıco kenegghelúso |
uɛүɛvvɛʌɑ́co keneggheláso |
ıүɛvvɛʌóıco inegghelúso |
ıүɛvvɛʌɑ́co ineggheláso | ||
past | үɛ́vvɛʌ négghel | |||||||||||
future | coıƞ + present |