Yosman: Difference between revisions

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|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|imagecaption      = [Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
|name              = Yosman
|name              = Yosman
|nativename        = غوېٓسِنہ<br>Ghwýsene
|nativename        = غوېٓسِنہ<br>Ghwűsene
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|pronunciation    = ˈʝyːzɛnɛ
|states            = Nabataea
|states            = Nabataea
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}}
}}


'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Gwýsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.
'''Yosman''' (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, ''th'Tundj Ghwűsene'', /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as '''Nabataean''', is a [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic language]] belonging to the [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European language family]]. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only [[w:Anglo-Frisian_languages#Anglic_languages|Anglic languages]], with [[w:English language|Englisc]] being the second.


==Classification==
==Classification==
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==History==
==History==
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (''Ghwýsene'') is derived from غوېٓسِن (''Ghwýsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Gwýsene غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''), a fossilization of غِويسّ (''ɣewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Gwýsene ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].
The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (''Ghwűsene'') is derived from غوېٓسِن (''Ghwűsen, "a Yosman"''), from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''), a fossilization of غِويسّ (''ɣewiss, "[[w:Gewisse|Geuisse]]"'') + مُن (''mon, "man"''), from Old Yosman ''yws mn'' (/yewisse monn/), from Old English [[wikt:gewiss#Old_English|Ġewisse]] [[wikt:monn#Old_English|monn]].


The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Gwýsene غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.
The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (''ɣewissman''). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.


===Old Phrygian===
===Old Yosman===


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Pre-Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
====Modern vowels====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|+ '''Standard Yosman vowels'''
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="font-style:italic; font-weight:normal;" |
! colspan="4" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]]
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Unrounded]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Roundedness|Rounded]]
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Short]]
! [[w:Vowel length|Long]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
|
| iː
|
| yː
|
| uː<sup>[1]</sup>
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close-Mid vowel|Close-Mid]]
| ɪ
| eː
| ʏ
| øː
| ʊ<sup>[1]</sup>
| oː
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open-Mid vowel|Open-Mid]]
| ɛ
|
| œ
|
| ɔ
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| ɐ
| æː
| colspan="2" |
|
| ɑː
|}
# nonnative phonemes
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
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! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | m
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | m
|  
|  
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Polsive|Polsive]]/[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Plosive|Plosive]]/[[w:Affricate|Affricate]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | p
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | p
|  
|  
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" | k
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | k
|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | b
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | b
|  
|  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | d
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | d
| d͡ʒ
| d͡ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɡ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɡ<sup>[2]</sup>
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative|Fricative]]
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voicelessness|Voiceless]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | f
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | f
| θ
| θ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | s
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | s
| ʃ
| ʃ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ç)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ç)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | x
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | x
|-
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
! style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Voice|Voiced]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | v
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | v
| ð
| ð
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | z
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | z
| ʒ
| ʒ<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ʝ)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ʝ)<sup>[3]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɣ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɣ
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|  
|  
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| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Tap and flap consonants|Tap]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
|-
|-
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
! colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | w
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | w
|  
|  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ɹ) (l)
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | (ɹ)<sup>[4]</sup> (l)<sup>[5]</sup>
| j
| j<sup>[1]</sup>
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |  
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɫ
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | ɫ
|}
|}
# nonnative phonemes
# [ɡ] also surfaces as an allophone of /ɣ/ before a lateral consonant.
# allophones of /x ɣ/ near front vowels.
# allophone of /r ɾ/ post-vocalically.
# allophone of /ɫ/ when both word-final or word-initial and near front vowel.
====Dialectical variations====
====Dialectical variations====


Latest revision as of 14:19, 30 October 2024


Yosman
غوېٓسِنہ
Ghwűsene
Unknown flag.svg
[Pending] Flag of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea
Pronunciation[ˈʝyːzɛnɛ]
Created byVrianne
Date2024
SettingAlt-History Europe & Near East
Native toNabataea
EthnicityYosman, Nabataean
Early forms
Proto-Indo-European
Standard form
Standard Yosman (---)
Dialects
  • Northern Yosman (--)
  • Central Yosman (--)
  • Southern Yosman (--)
  • Western Yosman (--)
Official status
Official language in
Nabataea
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Yosman (endonym: ثِتونج ځوېٓسِنہ, th'Tundj Ghwűsene, /θɛˈtund͡ʒ ˈʝyːzɛnɛ/), also known as Nabataean, is a Germanic language belonging to the Indo-European language family. Nearly all of its speakers are within the borders of the Yosman Republic of Nabataea, wherein it is the sole official language. It is also one of the two only Anglic languages, with Englisc being the second.

Classification

Yosman is an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic language family. The closest relatives to Yosman are those of the Anglo-Frisian languages such as Englisc and the Frisian languages.

History

Etymology

The endonym "غوېٓسِنہ" (Ghwűsene) is derived from غوېٓسِن (Ghwűsen, "a Yosman"), from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (ɣewissman), a fossilization of غِويسّ (ɣewiss, "Geuisse") + مُن (mon, "man"), from Old Yosman yws mn (/yewisse monn/), from Old English Ġewisse monn.

The exonym "Yosman" is an anglicization of French Yœssmanes (with the accurate Englisc exonym being Eizmenasisc), itself borrowed from Middle High German Jewissmaneisch (hence modern High German Jewissmännisch), ultimately from Middle Yosman غِويسّمَن (ɣewissman). The Englisc exonym particularly is a borrowing from Brithonech Euuzmenasech, itself borrowed from Middle French Yœssmanes.

Old Yosman

Phonology

Vowels

Pre-Modern vowels

Modern vowels

Standard Yosman vowels
Front Back
Unrounded Rounded
Short Long Short Long Short Long
Close iː yː uː[1]
Close-Mid ɪ eː ʏ øː ʊ[1] oː
Open-Mid ɛ œ ɔ
Open ɐ æː ɑː
  1. nonnative phonemes

Dialectical variations

Consonants

Pre-Modern consonants

Modern consonants

Standard Yosman consonants
Labial Dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar
Nasal m n
Plosive/Affricate Voiceless p t t͡ʃ k
Voiced b d d͡ʒ[1] ɡ[2]
Fricative Voiceless f θ s ʃ (ç)[3] x
Voiced v ð z ʒ[1] (ʝ)[3] ɣ
Trill r
Tap ɾ
Approximant w (ɹ)[4] (l)[5] j[1] ɫ
  1. nonnative phonemes
  2. [ɡ] also surfaces as an allophone of /ɣ/ before a lateral consonant.
  3. allophones of /x ɣ/ near front vowels.
  4. allophone of /r ɾ/ post-vocalically.
  5. allophone of /ɫ/ when both word-final or word-initial and near front vowel.

Dialectical variations

Orthography

Arabic script

Pre-Modern

Modern

Romanizations

Grammar

Syntax

Nominals

Nouns

Adjectives

Pronouns

Verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Weak verbs

Strong verbs

Example sentence

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