Makari: Difference between revisions
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====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For exemple, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/ | Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For exemple, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/ | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== |
Revision as of 14:09, 1 November 2024
Makari | |
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Macári | |
Pronunciation | [macçɐ:ri] |
Created by | Aenil |
Date | 2024 |
Native to | Lincai (Lićaí) |
Language isolate
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Early form | Proto-Kinavel
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Makari (autoglossonym: Macári, Makari : /macçɐ:ri/) is a language spoken in the province of Lincai (Makari : Lićaí /liçaɪ:/). After the Kinavel language was brought to Lincai, the language underwent a small number of phonological changes, like the loss of the uvular sounds, and a fricatization of the plosives, that gave a fully-fledged affricate set, replacing the old Kinavel plosive set
Etymology
The language name is derived from the Proto-Kinavel word *n¹qarí /ɳ̩qerɪː/ meaning "language, speech", which gave the Kinavel word nŭkeri /nuˑkeri/ meaning "communication"
Orthography
Alphabet
The Makari alphabet is composed of 24 letters (20 "base letters" and 4 "diacritic letters") :
Makari alphabet (in order) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Letter | Aa | Áá | Cc | Ćć | Ee | Pp | Ff | Hh | Ii | Íí | Jj | Kk | Xx | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Rr | Tt | Ss | Uu | Úú | Vv | |
IPA | ä | ɐ | cç | ç | ə | pɸ | ɸ | h | i | ɪ | j | kx | x | l | m | n | ŋ | ɒ | r | ts | s | u | ʊ | w |
Phoneme type
During the rest of the article, and especially in grammar, the letters C, V and M will be referring to different type of phonemes. Here's a table of correspondence :
Letter | Description |
---|---|
C | All consonants |
V | Non-diacritical vowels |
M | Diacritical vowels |
Phonology
Consonants
Labials | Alveolars | Palatals/ Velars |
Glottals | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
Affricate | pɸ | ts | cç, kx | |
Fricative | ɸ | s | ç, x | h |
Approximant | (w) | l | j, w | |
Trill | r |
Notes :
- /cç/ and /ç/ are pronounced /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ by some speakers
- /kx/ and /x/ are pronounced /qχ/ and /χ/ after back vowels
- Although the traditional pronounciation of <w> is /ʋ/, almost all speakers have shifted to /w/ or /β/
Vowels
Front | Back | |
---|---|---|
Close | i, ɪː | u, ʊː |
Mid | ə, ɐː | |
Open | ä | ɒ |
Notes:
- /ɪː/ and /ʊː/ are often realized as /i:/ and /u:/ in stressed syllables
- /ə/ can be lengthened if it is the first component of a diphthong
- /ɒ/ is raised to /ɔ/ by some speakers
Phonotactics and Stress
Syllable Shape
The maximum syllable shape of Makari is pretty strict, as it is (C)V(C)
Stress
Stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (or first syllable is the word has less than three syllables). For exemple, "tocája" is pronounced /ˈtɒcçɐjä/
Grammar
Nouns
Cases
Nouns in Makari are inflected using 7 cases :
Case | Usage |
---|---|
Nominative | Subject of a verb (+ predicate) |
Genitive | Alienable possession, subject of verbs of experience |
Dative | Indirect object, direct object of verbs of possession, inalienable possession (with «já»), lative case |
Accusative | Direct object |
Locative | Position in space, movement away from, derivation method |
Vocative | Apostrophe |
Prepositional | Objects of prepositions |
Numbers
In Makari, nouns are inflected using two numbers (or three depending on when the word was loaned) :
- Singular
- Paucal (Merged with the plural)
- Plural
Paradigms
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