Tchwerian: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
IlL (talk | contribs)
IlL (talk | contribs)
Line 3: Line 3:
*good: ''wick'' (''vệch'')
*good: ''wick'' (''vệch'')
*I am king: ''Nu luh Hauer.'' (''Nà là ho.'')
*I am king: ''Nu luh Hauer.'' (''Nà là ho.'')
*mahr: like this
*ahr: like that; yes
*jahr: how?


==Numbers==
==Numbers==

Revision as of 01:49, 30 October 2015

Tchwerian (Wieb-Muts [Vạp Mã] or Reber-Muts [Rạp Mã]) is a Wiebian dialect continuum that includes Modern Standard Wiebian (both the European and the North American varieties). It is often simply called "Wiebian" in-universe.

Words

  • good: wick (vệch)
  • I am king: Nu luh Hauer. (Nà là ho.)

Numbers

va:m, dɪɧɐ, naɐ̯k, !au, ze:lɪɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀaut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯

væ:m, dɛɧ, naɐ̯k, !au, ze:ʟəɧ, ʃtu:m, ʀəut, lɛɐ̯ts, pfaɐ̯p, ki:ɐ̯

ve:m, dɛɧ, naak, !oo, zi:ʟəɧ, ʃtaum, ʀaut, ljaats, pfaap, kaiɐ

ve:m, dɛɧ, naak, !oo, zi:ŋɧ, tʰaum, ʕaut, ljaas, faap, kaiɐ

fe:m (l -p m), ɗɛj (l -p b), naak (l -p g), !oo (h -p m), si:ŋ (l -p b), tʰaum (h -p m), 'aut (l -p g), ljaa (l -p b), faap (h -p g), kaiɐ (h -p m)

  • 1 wahm: viềm
  • 2 discher: đẫy
  • 3 narg: nộc
  • 4 muhl: màng
  • 5 sälisch: xỡng
  • 6 stuom: thim
  • 7 rut: ứt
  • 8 lerz: lỡ
  • 9 pfarb: vốp
  • 10 kior: ra
  • 100 däll: đầng
  • 1000 seit: xượt
  • 10000 krüeb: kệp
  • 11 (dozenal): gepfod: phứt
  • 12 (dozenal): gepfemm: phâm
  • 12^2 zann: xăn
  • 12^3 uog: ích

Letters

  • T: Trabe > tˁɑɑp > độp
  • G: Galst > galʔ > kwaʔ > quạ
  • K: Kohl > kool > koow (h -p m) > củ > cư
  • W: Wier > vjaʔ > vaʔ > vạ > vơ
  • N: Narch > naaç > naaj (l -p b) > noi > nổi
  • Q: Kried > qˁeit > keit (h +p g) > kiệt
  • L: Lecken > *Leck > EMW lek > LMW lek (l -p g) > lậc
  • P: Pfut > faut > ... > vát
  • C: Ang > ʔaŋ > ăng
  • Ŧ: Ŧeib > ǃeip (Canadian raising!) > chiếp
  • J: Jamm > dằm
  • F: Fitt - pretty sure it's vết
  • M: Mersch > maa (l -p b) > mả > mở
  • D: Dachel > EMW daxu > LMW ɗoo (l -p b) (with compensatory lengthening) > đủ > đử
  • Đ: Đruche > EMW g!ˁoux > !ow (l +p b) > !xẻo > chảo
  • R: Rift > EMW ʕeft > ʔew (l +p g) > ếu > éo
  • S: Schnade > nʰeit > ... > niết
  • ß: Discherschnader > *discher Schnade > đẫy niết
  • H: Hammel > hamu > hom (h -p m) > hỏm > hôm
  • B: Bruog > EMW bˁook > ɓook (l +p +g) > bức
  • Z: Zamm > xăm
  • I: *ii > ai > ai > aa > ưa
  • U: uu > au > au > ea > a
  • E: ee > ii > ii > ơi?
  • O: oo > uu > uu > yy > i
  • A: aa > ei > ia > ia

Phonology

Based on Vietnamese. Pinyin in bold.

Consonants

Reber Wiobian consonants (Hauerreberjamms)
  Labial Dental Alveolar Click Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n̪/ nh /ɲ/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive plain p /p/ t /t̪/ tr /ǃ/ ch /c~tɕ/ c, qu /k/ k /q/ Ø /ʔ-/
implosive b /ɓ/ đ /ɗ/
Fricative voiceless x /s/ s /ɧ/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ d /ð/ gi /z/ g /ɣ/
Affricate ph /pf/ th /ts/ kh /kx/
Trill r /r/
Approximant ł, o, u /w/ l /l/ j /j/

Vowels

  Front Central Back
Close i, y /i/ ư /ɨ/ u /u/
Close-mid ê /e/ ơ /ɤ/ ô /o/
Open-mid e /ɛ/ â /ə̆/ o /ɔ/
Open ă /ă/ a /a/

LMW > Early Reber Wiebian

An Bhlaoighne-style tone mergers

-phar:
h -p b: hoi
h -p g: sac
h -p m: ngang
l -p b: nga
l -p g: nang
l -p m: huyen
+phar:
h +p b: huyen
h +p g: nang
h +p m: hoi
l +p b: ngang
l +p g: sac
l +p m: nga

Consonant shift

Vowel shifts

Grammar

Copula

The copula is luh ( - just like in Vietnamese!).

Pronouns

Correlatives