Toki Ike: Difference between revisions
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**Hyper-minlang | **Hyper-minlang | ||
*Geminates > ejectives | *Geminates > ejectives | ||
*ejective > creaky voice > tone | **ejective > creaky voice > tone | ||
**Salish/Spittem parody | **Salish/Spittem parody | ||
*Both geminates and ejectives | *Both geminates and ejectives | ||
**Finno-Bantu | **Finno-Bantu | ||
*Outlier with fricatives and syncope | *Outlier with fricatives and syncope | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== |
Revision as of 22:22, 6 December 2015
Historical phonology
s, ł > h
z > 0
λ > l
ƛ/c ƛ'/c' > c c'
k kw > k, q qw > q
i have these + a table of assimilations
mb nd ng > mm nn ŋŋ
h > ŋ
b d, etc > p' t' etc.
t > T then c > t
Finnishy subfamily
ay > ää
ey > ee
ew, oi > öö
iw, uy > üü
aw > åå
ow > oo
Numbers
kēm, tingōr, nakkʼ, laupʼ, taling, tʼām, rōrtʼ, loyrtʼ, pʼakkʼ, qʼeyōr (?)
Phonology
Consonants
Perhaps most strikingly, most Kammalic languages have simple syllables and are devoid of fricatives or aspirates. The following is the consonant inventory of Proto-Kammalic:
Labial | Dental | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | rn /ɲ/ | ng /ŋ~ɴ/ | |||
Plosive | plain | p /p~b/ | t /t~d/ | rt /ʈ~ɖ/ | k /k~g/ | q /q~ɢ/ | |
ejective | pʼ /pʼ/ | tʼ /tʼ/ | rtʼ /ʈʼ/ | kʼ /kʼ/ | qʼ /qʼ/ | ||
Trill | r /r/ | ||||||
Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
Front | Central | Back | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i /i/ | ī /iː/ | u /u/ | ū /uː/ | ||
Close-mid | e /e~ə/ | ē /eː/ | o /o/ | ō /oː/ | ||
Open | a /a/ | ā /aː/ |
a e i o u ā ē ī ō ū ay aw ey ew iw oy ow uy ia ua āy āw ēy ēw īw ōy ōw ūy īa ūa
Composition
- Ejectives > geminates
- Estonian parody
- Hyper-minlang
- Geminates > ejectives
- ejective > creaky voice > tone
- Salish/Spittem parody
- Both geminates and ejectives
- Finno-Bantu
- Outlier with fricatives and syncope
Grammar
Quasi-polysynthetic with big clitic complexes or verbs