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| with verbs beginning with soft consonants. These are listed together in pairs, | | with verbs beginning with soft consonants. These are listed together in pairs, |
| with the hard version coming first and then the soft version. | | with the hard version coming first and then the soft version. |
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| <h4>Pronominal Objects</h4>
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| As with elsewhere in the language, these
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| are not differentiated for number, although there is an inclusive and exclusive
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| “us”. Note that for the purposes of the syntax, using one of these affixes on a transitive verb changes it to intransitive.
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| <h5>Infixation</h5>
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| Most of the time, a pronominal object is indicated by using the infixes below:
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| 1PS Exclusive: ak /ak/, uch /uc/
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| 1PS Inclusive: us /us/, ahl>
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| /aɬ/
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| 2PS: at> /at/, iet /etɬ/
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| 3PS: ar> /aʁ/, iel /el/
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| (if the object is topicalised, no affix is used)
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| Reflexive: ies /es/, ihl /iɬ/
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| (used when the subject is doing something to themself, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexive_verb)
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| These come immediately after the first
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| consonant of the verb base e.g.
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| damaehlu /damɛɬu/ - to scam /
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| swindle, mirative
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| dusamaesi /dusamɛɬu/ - to scam /
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| swindle me (including you), mirative (the infix /us/ is inserted)
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| All of the usual rules about phonation
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| spreading apply e.g.
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| pyùu /pʲuːɦ/ - to purify,
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| noun-focus
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| pyietlùu /pʲetɬuːɦ/ -
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| to purify you, noun-focus (the breathy voice is blocked by the /tɬ/ of the
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| infix)
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| pyèlùu /pʲɘɦluːɦ/
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| - to purify him / her, noun-focus (the breathy voice spreads onto the infix
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| /el/, changing it to /ɘɦl/)
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| The infixes with non-back vowels and
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| voiceless consonants also undergo vowel mutation if the following vowel has
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| modal voice. This is the exact same as has been described before e.g.
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| damaehlu /damɛɬu/ - to scam /
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| swindle, mirative
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| duokamaehlu /dokamɛɬu/ - to
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| scam / swindle me / us (not including you), mirative
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| daetamaehlu /dɛtamɛɬu/ - to
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| scam / swindle you, mirative (the /a/ raises to /ɛ/)
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| daesamaehlu /dɛsamɛɬu/ - to
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| scam / swindle oneself, mirative
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| If the first vowel of the verb base has
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| breathy or tense voice, and the infix inserted would contain /ɬ/ (which
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| can only occur before modal voice vowels), then this becomes /l/. However it
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| still blocks the spread of the voicing e.g.
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| pyùu /pʲuːɦ/ - to purify,
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| noun-focus
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| pyalùu /pʲaluːɦ/ - to purify
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| ourselves (including you), noun-focus
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| pyielùu /pʲeluːɦ/ - to
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| purify oneself, noun-focus
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| Note that the last example this is distinct
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| from pyèlùu /pʲɘɦluːɦ/ - to purify him / her,
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| noun-focus, which has breathy voice spreading onto the infix.
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| <h6>áe(tt)s> Infix</h6>
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| Alveolar stops are never found before /i/
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| and /ɨ/ (with any phonation), nor before tense voice /eʔ/ and /ɘʔ/
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| nor before diphthongs starting with these. If because of the second person
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| object infix /at/, such a forbidden sequence would
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| occur, the infix áes /ɛʔs/ is used instead e.g.
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| qinyieliqaa /ʔiɲeliʔaː/
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| - to pierce, mirative
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| qáesinyieliqaa /ʔɛʔsiɲeliʔaː/
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| - to pierce you, mirative
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| However, before a
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| vowel with tense voice, the /s/ becomes an ejective /tsʼ/ instead e.g.
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| qíeypyiqiiey /ʔeiʔpʲiʔeːi/
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| - to spit out, mirative
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| qáettsíeypyiqiiey
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| /ʔɛʔtsʼeiʔpʲiʔeːi/ - to spit you out,
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| mirative
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| [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] | | [[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]] |