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Rhinevalian Creole: Difference between revisions
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The creole distinguishes vowels in length, with vowels always being long in stressed syllables without a final consonant (i.e. open syllables) and are unmarked (single vowel letter) unless the entire word is monosyllabic. In syllables that end with a consonant (i.e. closed syllables), short vowels are the default while long vowels are to be marked by doubling the vowel, except in the case of ⟨æ⟩ which | The creole distinguishes vowels in length, with vowels always being long in stressed syllables without a final consonant (i.e. open syllables) and are unmarked (single vowel letter) unless the entire word is monosyllabic. In syllables that end with a consonant (i.e. closed syllables), short vowels are the default while long vowels are to be marked by doubling the vowel, except in the case of ⟨æ⟩ which becomes ⟨ae⟩, and ⟨i⟩ which becomes ⟨ie⟩ in such cases. Open syllables that are unstressed have short vowels by default as well. | ||
Most consonant letters are fairly predictable, though some letters may pose a challenge due to high degrees of allophony. Those letters, ''for a given syllable'', are: | Most consonant letters are fairly predictable, though some letters may pose a challenge due to high degrees of allophony. Those letters, ''for a given syllable'', are: | ||
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As Standard German devoices all final obstruents, which are in this language characterized as there being a voiced/unvoiced pair may be pronounced either voiced (often called soft) or unvoiced (often called hard), while their unvoiced counterpart remains unvoiced and unchanged at the end of a syllable or word. The sound /h/ is a special case, as its historic appearance after a vowel in the end of a syllable has moved to /x/ (after back and central vowels, or all vowels depending on preference) or /ç/ (only after front vowels). | |||
While the sonorants /m/ and /l/ do not change, no matter where they are in a word or syllable, many other sonorants behave very differently depending on their context; Before a /k/ sound, /n/ turns into /ŋ/ while a word-final /ŋ/ may alternatively be pronounced /ŋk/ and an intervocalic /ŋ/ be pronounced /ŋ.ɡ/. Rheinwellisch Kreol makes use of extensive free variation in rhotic sounds: [r], [ɹ], [ʀ] or [ʁ] are all valid pronunciations of intervocalic and initial /r/ sounds. The final /r/ sound may be the same, though a vocalic form of /r/ exists for after vowels in a syllable, with similar pronunciations to Standard German and RP English. The approximants /w/ and /j/ are analyzed as vocalic in syllable final positions, only allowed after the short vowels /a/, /ɛ/ and in some cases after /ɔ/, /w/ does not become /v/ under any circumstances here. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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| colspan="2" | || [[w:open central unrouded vowel|a]] || [[w:open central unrounded vowel|aː]] || colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | || [[w:open central unrouded vowel|a]] || [[w:open central unrounded vowel|aː]] || colspan="2" | | ||
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If a syllable ends with a voiced obstruent, e.g. /b/, /d/, /v/, ⟨a⟩ may be pronounced /aː/. After a final voiced obstruent, an epenthetic [ᵊ] may be added, if this helps keep it voiced. So, "had" may be pronounced [haːd], [haːdᵊ], [hadᵊ], [had], [hat] and [haːt]. Otherwise long vowels exist in | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||